Scholasticism is a method of critical thought which dominated teaching by the academics ( scholastics, or schoolmen ) of medieval universities in Europe from about 1100 – 1500, and a program of employing that method in articulating and defending orthodoxy in an increasingly pluralistic context.

In the early seventeenth century the bulk of philosophy was dominated by Scholasticism, written by theologians and drawing upon Plato, Aristotle, and early Church writings.

Voltaire was particularly energetic in attacking the religiously dominated Middle Ages as a period of social stagnation and decline, condemning Feudalism, Scholasticism, The Crusades, The Inquisition and the Catholic Church in general.

As to preaching at the present day, we can clearly trace the influence, in many respects, of Scholasticism, both as to matter and form.

Albertus ' activity, however, was more philosophical than theological ( see Scholasticism ).

According to Fortescue, it was from Western Scholasticism that hesychasm's philosophical opponents in the East borrowed their weapons.

Throughout history, design of streets and deliberate configuration of public spaces with buildings have reflected contemporaneous social norms or philosophical and religious beliefs ( see, e. g., Erwin Panofsky, Gothic Architecture and Scholasticism, Meridian Books, 1957 ).

A historically influential paperfolder, from childhood to his last, difficult days, in several works Unamuno ironically expressed philosophical views of Platonism, Scholasticism, positivism, and the " science vs religion " issue in terms of ' origami ' figures, notably the traditional Spanish pajarita.

While Catholics accept the Eastern Orthodox intuitive and mystical understanding of God as valid, they consider it to be complementary to the rational and philosophical Scholasticism of Thomas Aquinas.

Scholasticism was a philosophical school that developed during the medieval university.

Between Calvin, and Arminius, born four years before Calvin's death, a Protestant Scholasticism took from various loci and authorities of the Western Middle Ages.

Ramism could not exert any influence on the established Catholic schools and universities, which remained loyal to Scholasticism, or on the new Catholic schools and universities founded by members of the religious orders known as the Society of Jesus or the Oratorians, as can be seen in the Jesuit curriculum ( in use right up to the 19th century, across the Christian world ) known as the Ratio Studiorum ( that Claude Pavur, S. J., has recently translated into English, with the Latin text in the parallel column on each page ( St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources, 2005 )).

For example, Scholasticism the dominant school of thought during medieval feudalism, emphasized reconciliation with Christian theology and ethics, rather than development.

To Gilson, Thomism is certainly not identical with Scholasticism in the pejorative sense, but indeed rather a revolt against it.

Nevertheless, the Renaissance retained many models of thinking that can also be seen as medieval, with figures like Erasmus criticising medieval Scholasticism and superstition, but remaining loyal to the Catholic Church and Church doctrine.

Scholasticism focused on preparing men to be doctors, lawyers or professional theologians, and was taught from approved textbooks in logic, natural philosophy, medicine, law and theology.

Scholasticism focused on preparing men to be doctors, lawyers or professional theologians, and was taught from approved textbooks in logic, natural philosophy, medicine, law and theology.

He suggests the dominant political theology of the time, Scholasticism, thrives on confused definitions of everyday words, such as incorporeal substance, which for Hobbes is a contradiction in terms.

Aquinas shifted Scholasticism away from neoplatonism and towards Aristotle.

Aquinas, using Scholasticism, treats the " Best of all possible worlds " problem in the Summa Theologica ( 1273 ):

Anselm of Canterbury is sometimes misleadingly called the ' Father of Scholasticism ' because of the prominent place that reason has in his theology ; instead of establishing his points by appeal to authority, he presents arguments to demonstrate why it is that the things he believes on authority must be so.

There were also the first figures of the intellectual movement known as Scholasticism, which emphasized dialectic arguments in disputes of Christian theology as well as classical philosophy.

His point of view may be described as Scholasticism ; for, like the scholastic doctors, he believes that theology and philosophy are not opposed sciences, but that reason has to make clear the truths given by authority and revelation.

Ficino, an important figure in early modern philosophy, was influenced by a variety of philosophers including Aristotelian Scholasticism and various pseudonymous and mystical writings.

17th-century philosophy in the Western world is generally regarded as being the start of modern philosophy, and a departure from the medieval approach, especially Scholasticism.

This heresy is allegedly rooted in Frankish paganism, Arianism, Platonist and Aristotelian philosophy and Thomist rational and objective Scholasticism.

Scholasticism is " popular philosophy made systematic.

Analytic philosophy, Protestantism, Christian Democracy, Communism, Conservatism, Constructionism, Deconstructionism, Empiricism, Epicureanism, Existentialism, Fascism, Humanism, Idealism, Internationalism, Liberalism, Logical positivism, Marxism, Materialism, Monarchism, Nationalism, Perspectivism, Platonism, Positivism, Postmodernism, Rationalism, Relativism, Republicanism, Romanticism, Scepticism, Scholasticism, Social Democracy, Socialism, Stoicism, Structuralism, Thomism, Utilitarianism, Spenglerism.

# young people taught Cartesian philosophy would be unable to understand the technical terminology of Scholasticism ; and

In subsequent Protestant theology, Aristotelian thought quickly reemerged in Protestant Scholasticism.

Scholasticism proper can be thought of as the kind of theology that emerges when, in the Cathedral schools and their successors, the tools of dialectic are pressed into use to comment upon, explain, and develop the gloss and the sentences.

The Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation spearheaded by the Jesuits under Ignatius Loyola took their theology from the decisions of the Council of Trent and developed Second Scholasticism, which they pitted against Lutheran Scholasticism.

* Don Monson: Andreas Capellanus, Scholasticism, and the Courtly Tradition.

Alexander of Hales ( c. 1185 — 1245 ) ( also Halensis, Alensis, Halesius, Alesius ) also called Doctor Irrefragibilis ( by Pope Alexander IV in the Bull De Fontibus Paradisi ) and Theologorum Monarcha was a theologian and philosopher important in the development of Scholasticism and of the Franciscan School.

The term transubstantiation was used by the Council, but the specific Aristotelian explanation given by Scholasticism was not cited as dogmatic.

His court was better regulated than that of any other German prince, and he bestowed a paternal care on the University of Leipzig, where a number of reforms were introduced, and Humanism, as opposed to Scholasticism, was encouraged.

Bourdieu first adapted the term in his 1967 postface to Erwin Panofsky's Gothic Architecture and Scholasticism.

In medieval European Scholasticism, science as taught at universities was obliged to restrict its attention to the natural world.

* The roots of European Scholasticism are found in this period, as the renewed spark of interest in literature and Classicism in Europe would bring about the Renaissance.

Thomas Aquinas's masterwork, the Summa Theologica, is often seen as the highest fruit of Scholasticism.

Academic Scholasticism went into decline in the 1970s when the Thomistic revival that had been spearheaded by Jacques Maritain, Étienne Gilson, and others came to an end.

* Scholasticism Joseph Rickaby, ( 1908 ), 121 pp. ( also at googlebooks )

This writing was the first work of Scholasticism in Eastern Christianity and an important influence on later Scholastic works.

For example, in Scholasticism, it was believed that God was capable of performing any miracle so long as it didn't lead to a logical contradiction.

With the use of Scholasticism, Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologica makes a structured treatment of the concept of will.

During this same period, Scholasticism, which had largely been a Latin language movement, was heavily criticized.

* Donnelly, John Patrick ( 1976 ) Calvinism and Scholasticism in Vermigli's Doctrine of Man and Grace.