There is no distinction made in Scotland between assault and battery ( which is not a term used in Scots law ), although, as in England and Wales, assault can be occasioned without a physical attack on another's person, as demonstrated in Atkinson v. HM Advocate wherein the accused was found guilty of assaulting a shop assistant by simply jumping over a counter wearing a ski mask.

Scots common law differs in that the use of precedents is subject to the courts ' seeking to discover the principle that justifies a law rather than searching for an example as a precedent, and principles of natural justice and fairness have always played a role in Scots Law.

Scots common law covers matters including murder and theft, and has sources in custom, in legal writings and previous court decisions.

* Scots law

In law, corroboration refers to the requirement in some jurisdictions, such as in Scotland, that any evidence adduced be backed up by at least one other source ( see Corroboration in Scots law ).

The clearances followed patterns of agricultural change throughout Britain, but were particularly notorious as a result of the late timing, the lack of legal protection for year-by-year tenants under Scots law, the abruptness of the change from the traditional clan system, and the brutality of many evictions.

Category: Scots law legal terms

In Scots law the jury system has some similarities with England but some important differences, in particular there are juries of 15 in criminal trials, with verdicts by simple majority.

In Civil law and pluralist systems, as under Scots law, precedent is not binding but case law is taken into account by the courts.

Some pluralist systems, such as Scots law in Scotland and so-called civil law jurisdictions in Quebec and Louisiana, do not precisely fit into the dual " common-civil " law system classifications.

The doctrine exists in both English law and Scots law.

The doctrine exists in the Scots law of delict.

Today the UK has three distinct systems of law: English law, Northern Ireland law and Scots law.

He is often known as Constantine I, in reference to his place in modern lists of kings of Scots, though contemporary sources described Causantín only as a Pictish king.

" This particular line of criticism also misses the obvious parallels that existed between the story's background ( England conquered by the Normans in 1066, when they killed Saxon King Harold at Hastings, about 130 years previously ) and the prevailing situation in Scott's native Scotland ( Scotland's union with England in 1707 – about the same length of time had elapsed before Scott's writing and the resurgence in his time of Scottish nationalism evidenced by the cult of Robert Burns, the famous poet who deliberately chose to work in Scots vernacular though he was an educated man and spoke modern English eloquently ).

The oldest consumer magazine still in print is The Scots Magazine, which was first published in 1739, though multiple changes in ownership and gaps in publication totaling over 90 years weaken that claim.

Earliest sources have the same usage of the "- shire " suffix as in England ( though in Scots this was oftenmost " schyr ").

Elizabeth came under pressure from Parliament to execute Mary, Queen of Scots, to prevent any further attempts to replace her ; though faced with several official requests, she vacillated over the decision to execute an anointed queen.

In the 19th century, Americans in the southern United States employed the word in reference to Americans from the northern United States ( though not to recent immigrants from Europe ; thus a visitor to Richmond, Virginia, in 1818 commented, " The enterprising people are mostly strangers ; Scots, Irish, and especially New England men, or Yankees, as they are called ").

As the first King of the Scots in Scotland, he is recorded to have brought the stone ( and some claim the coronation chair as well, though this is unlikely ) from Ireland to Argyll, and was crowned in it.

In the war that followed, the Scots persevered, even though the English seemed victorious at several points.

Even though Edward campaigned in Scotland both in 1300, when he successfully besieged Caerlaverock Castle and in 1301, the Scots refused to engage in open battle again, preferring instead to raid the English countryside in smaller groups.

This brutality, though, rather than helping to subdue the Scots, had the opposite effect, and rallied growing support for Bruce.

Significantly, though, the Scots Vowel Length Rule applies only before voiced fricatives and, whereas Canadian raising is not limited in this fashion ; thus, it may represent a sort of merging of the Scots Vowel Length Rule with the general English rule lengthening vowels before voiced consonants of any sort.

According to the historian and poet John Barbour, King Robert Bruce rebuked the folly of his brother, even though Dundee had probably fallen to the Scots through a similar arrangement in 1312.

The term Lallans, a variant of the Modern Scots word lawlands, is also used, though this is more often taken to mean the Lallans literary form.

Ordinarily, this is done by obtaining a Bachelor of Laws ( LLB ) in Scots law at a university approved by the Society, though it is also possible to sit the Society's own exams.

A distinctive " Scottish social ethos " informed the activities of prominent Scots in the years of Empire, when they had invested heavily in the concept of Britishness, though he felt that the Scots had meddled much more overweeningly with the English sense of identity than the English ever did with the Scots '.

Subsequently, the Scots managed to take the town, though not the castle, of Carrickfergus.

Another possibility, though there is no mention in Bandy, is that the many Scots who came to Canada during the late 18th and early 19th centuries quickly absorbed Quelle canule into their working vocabulary.

There is also an effort underway to recognise Scots as a language in Scotland, though this remains controversial.

He wrote a metrical abridgement, in 18th century Scots, of Blind Harry's poem The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace on Sir William Wallace, whose 17th century castle remains, though in ruins.

For example, many authors in Scotland, such as James Kelman and Edwin Morgan have used Scots, even though English is now the prestige language of publishing in Scotland.

His first quotation is from Jockey's Escape from Dundee ; the second is from Scots Callan o ' Bonnie Dundee ( though a version of these lines also appears in Jockey's Escape ); and the third is from John Gay, The Beggar's Opera ( 1728 ; Air LVII, The Charge is prepar'd ).

Alexander I ( c. 1078 – 23 April 1124 ), also called Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim ( Modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Mhaol Chaluim ) and nicknamed " The Fierce ", was King of the Scots from 1107 to his death.

In addition to Triumphant Democracy ( 1886 ), and The Gospel of Wealth ( 1889 ), he also wrote An American Four-in-hand in Britain ( 1883 ), Round the World ( 1884 ), The Empire of Business ( 1902 ), The Secret of Business is the Management of Men ( 1903 ), James Watt ( 1905 ) in the Famous Scots Series, Problems of Today ( 1907 ), and his posthumously published autobiography Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie ( 1920 ).

To the right of the infantry Lord John Hay ’ s ‘ Scots Greys ’ also picked their way across the stream and charged the Régment du Roi within Autre-Eglise.

The French army also comprised a contingent of Scots commanded by Sir William Douglas.

Lesser migrations of Scandinavians, Portuguese, Greeks, Italians, Spanish, Polish, Scots, English, Jews, Russians and Irish immigrants also contributed to this ethnic mix.

The first curling club in the United States was established in 1830, and the game was introduced to Switzerland and Sweden before the end of the 19th century, also by Scots.

In his fictional historical essay " The Hyborian Age ", Howard describes how the people of Atlantis — the land where his character King Kull originated — had to move east after a great cataclysm changed the face of the world and sank their island, settling where Ireland and Scotland would eventually be located, Thus they are ( in Howard's work ) the ancestors of the Irish and Scottish ( the Celtic Gaels ) and not the Picts, the other ancestor of modern Scots who also appear in Howard's work.

Edinburgh has also become associated with the crime novels of Ian Rankin, and the work of Irvine Welsh, whose novels are mostly set in the city and are often written in colloquial Scots.

The term " Hun " is also used by Catholics in Northern Ireland as a derogatory term to refer to Northern Irish Protestants, most of whom are descended from English and Lowland Scottish settlers, who historically spoke English and Scots respectively ; both Germanic languages.

The act also created a common citizenship, giving Scots free access to English markets.

He was also the first Scots Makar ( the official national poet ), appointed by the inaugural Scottish government in 2004.

Scots, as spoken in the lowlands and along the east coast of Scotland, developed independently from Modern English and is based on the Northern dialects of Anglo-Saxon, particularly Northumbrian, which also serve as the basis of Northern English dialects such as those of Yorkshire and Newcastle upon Tyne.

The corresponding Modern English verb to ken survives only in highly remote English dialects, and also in the language Scots in the form ( slight differences between dialects ) of tae ken, other than the derivative existing in the standard language in the set expression beyond one ’ s ken, “ beyond the scope of one ’ s knowledge ” and in the phonologically altered form uncanny, “ surreal ” or “ supernatural ”.

The officers were also recruited from Europe – not from the American colonies – and consisted of English, Scots, Irish, Dutch, Swiss and Germans.

Mac Bethad mac Findlaích ( Modern Gaelic: MacBheatha mac Fhionnlaigh, anglicised as Macbeth, and nicknamed Rí Deircc, " the Red King "; died 15 August 1057 ) was King of the Scots ( also known as the King of Alba, and earlier as King of Moray and King of Fortriu ) from 1040 until his death.

Norn had also been a spoken language in Caithness but had probably become extinct there by the 15th century replaced by Scots.

Old Norse also had an influence on English dialects and Lowland Scots, which contains many Old Norse loanwords.

In fact, most Presbyterians found in England can trace a Scottish connection, and the Presbyterian denomination was also taken to North America mostly by Scots and Scots-Irish immigrants.

The building also contains several frescos depicting scenes from Scots history by William Brassey Hole in the entrance foyer, including a large example of Bruce marshalling his men at Bannockburn.

With only three weeks for planning and execution, Scott created a spectacular and comprehensive pageant, designed not only to impress the King, but also in some way to heal the rifts that had previously destabilised Scots society.

It is also the basis of the Scots song Coulter's Candy.

William the Lion ( Mediaeval Gaelic: Uilliam mac Eanric ; Modern Gaelic: Uilleam mac Eanraig ), sometimes styled William I, also known by the nickname Garbh, " the Rough ", ( c 1143 – 4 December 1214 ) reigned as King of the Scots from 1165 to 1214.

This team also included Wolfsbane ( a devout Scots Presbyterian ), Danielle Moonstar ( a Cheyenne Native American ) and Cannonball, and was later joined by Magma ( a devout Greco-Roman classical religionist ).

In Middle Scots, it represented the sound in the clusters, and written l and n. Yogh was also used for rather than y.