Since the Age of Enlightenment, emancipation, and haskalah in the modern era, Jewish citizens are bound to Halakha only by their voluntary consent.

Since the 19th century, humanism has been associated with an anti-clericalism inherited from the 18th-century Enlightenment philosophes.

Since the Enlightenment large synagogues have often adopted the practice of hiring rabbis and hazzans to act as shatz and baal kriyah, and this is still typically the case in many Conservative and Reform congregations.

Since the Enlightenment, rationalism is usually associated with the introduction of mathematical methods into philosophy, as in Descartes, Leibniz, and Spinoza.

Since YDL version 5. 0 ‘ Phoenix ,’ Enlightenment has been the default desktop environment in Yellow Dog Linux, although GNOME and KDE are also included.

Since the Enlightenment and the subsequent emancipation of Jews living in European nations, Jewish communities no longer have their own autonomous governments, and vaads with governmental powers no longer exist.

Since the cessation of the official Peace Mission journal the New Day in 1989 special bulletins, such as one called ' Enlightenment ', were printed separately in April to herald the wedding anniversary.

Since effective copyright was slow to take hold, many editions were pirated well into the period of the Enlightenment, and without effective royalty systems in place, authors often saw little, if any, of the revenues for their popular works.

Since Jews were excluded as outsiders throughout Europe, they were mostly shut out of politics or any sort of participation in the wider political and social sphere of the nations in which they were involved until the Enlightenment, and its Jewish counterpart, Haskalah, made popular movements possible.

Since the title could no longer refer to those entities, the story was renamed Enlightenment.

Since Gay's work was published, his interpretation of the Enlightenment has become an orthodoxy in the Anglo-Saxon world.

Since the publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, the term " Big Brother " has entered the lexicon as a synonym for abuse of government power, particularly in respect to civil liberties, often specifically related to mass surveillance.

Since the late nineteenth century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry.

Since that time, the term Bolshevik has been regarded as obsolete, and relevant only to the pre-Revolutionary times, during the Russian Revolution itself and the Russian Civil War which followed.

Since the Anglo-Boer war the term " Boervolk " was rarely used in the 20th century by the various regimes because of this attempt to assimilate the Boervolk with the Afrikaners.

" Since the term " CPU " is generally defined as a device for software ( computer program ) execution, the earliest devices that could rightly be called CPUs came with the advent of the stored-program computer.

Since society considers so many rights as natural ( hence the term " right ") rather than man-made, what constitutes a crime also counts as natural, in contrast to laws ( seen as man-made ).

Since these are two very different referents, the validity of the term has been called into question.

:" Since a precise mathematical definition of the term effectively calculable ( effectively decidable ) has been wanting, we can take this thesis ... as a definition of it ..."

Since the 1990s the term has been used ( interchangeably with " the Copernicus method ") for J. Richard Gott's Bayesian-inference-based prediction of duration of ongoing events, a generalized version of the Doomsday argument.

Since the 1980s the term " new religions " or " new religious movements " has slowly entered into Evangelical usage, alongside the word " cult ".

Since the American Civil War the term " discrimination " generally evolved in American English usage as an understanding of prejudicial treatment of an individual based solely on their race, later generalized as membership in a certain socially undesirable group or social category.

Since the introduction of the term, ethical egoism has been retroactively applied to philosophers before Sidgwick.

Since its introduction, the term has been picked up and used by various researchers engaging in Science and technology studies.

Since then, the term has become common in English-language ethical theory.

Since the overwhelming majority of scientists accept the modern evolutionary synthesis as the best explanation of current data, the term is seldom used in the scientific community ; to say someone is a scientist implies acceptance of evolutionary views, unless specifically noted otherwise.

Since family names are normally written last in European societies ( except in Hungary ), the term last name is commonly used for family name, while in East Asia ( with vertical writing ) the family name may be referred to as upper name ( as in Japanese ).

Since the 17th century, the term fugue has described what is commonly regarded as the most fully developed procedure of imitative counterpoint.

Since the 1970s, when Elizabeth A. R. Brown published The Tyranny of a Construct ( 1974 ), many have re-examined the evidence and concluded that feudalism is an unworkable term and should be removed entirely from scholarly and educational discussion, or at least used only with severe qualification and warning.

Since Carangi's death, she has been considered a lesbian supermodel and icon and is said to have epitomized " lesbian chic " more than a decade before the term was coined.

Since the brain effects of hypoglycemia, termed neuroglycopenia, determine whether a given low glucose is a " problem " for that person, most doctors use the term hypoglycemia only when a moderately low glucose level is accompanied by symptoms or brain effects

Since the early 20th century, the term is used almost exclusively in conjunction with the modern development of hydro-electric power, which allowed use of distant energy sources.

Since " information " in electronic media is often used synonymously with " data ", the term information explosion is closely related to the concept of data flood also dubbed data deluge.

Since 1997 it has been in the hands of a private developer, on a long term lease, which has transformed the property into a world class resort.

Since kickboxing is a broad term that can be used both in a wide and narrow sense.

Since the term value is understood in the LTV as denoting something created by labor, and its " magnitude " as something proportional to the quantity of labor performed, it is important to explain how the labor process both preserves value and adds new value in the commodities it creates.

Since the early 20th century it has been commonly accepted that Old Irish Bel ( l ) taine is derived from a Common Celtic * belo-te ( p ) niâ, meaning " bright fire " ( where the element * belo-might be cognate with the English word bale in ' bale-fire ' meaning ' white ' or ' shining '; compare Anglo-Saxon bael, and Lithuanian / Latvian baltas / balts, found in the name of the Baltic ; in Slavic languages byelo or beloye also means ' white ', as in Беларусь ( White Russia or Belarus ) or Бе ́ лое мо ́ ре Sea ).

Since the Celtic year was based on both lunar and solar cycles, it is most likely that the holiday would be celebrated on the full moon nearest the midpoint between the winter solstice and vernal equinox, or when the primroses, dandelions, or other spring flowers rise up through the snow, or when the sun aligned with the passage tombs in the pre-Celtic megaliths.

Since the 19th century it has become associated with the wider culture of Scotland in general, or with Celtic ( and more specifically Gaelic ) heritage even more broadly.

Since Diocletian's Tetrarchy ( 296 ), it was the major province of a diocese confusingly called Galliae (' the Gaul s '), to which further only the Helvetic, Belgian ( both also Celtic ) and German provinces belonged ; with the dioceses of Viennensis ( the southern provinces of Gaul ), Britanniae ( also Celtic ) and Hispaniae ( the whole Celtiberian peninsula ) this formed the praetorian prefecture also called Galliae, subordinate to the western emperor.

" Since then a few other bands from Ireland have emerged to perform Celtic metal including Geasa and Mael Mórdha.

Since the turn of the millennium, the genre has expanded and many bands beyond the shores of Ireland can be found today performing Celtic metal.

Since 1994 the Essex Music Festival, offering bluegrass, blues, folk, maritime, and Celtic music, has been held at Centennial Grove at Chebacco Lake in Essex.

Since leaving Celtic Park in June 2004, Larsson has returned to play for Celtic in testimonial matches three times.

Since the Celtic Revival, the ringed cross became an emblem of Celtic identity, in addition to its more traditional religious symbolism.

Since its revival in the 1850s, the Celtic cross has been used extensively as grave markers.

Since the regionalisation of Welsh club rugby in 2003, Newport RFC play in the Welsh Premier Division and operate as a feeder club to Newport Gwent Dragons who play in the Celtic League.

Since then and during the 50s, the Celtic harp or Breton harp has taken its place back into Breton music thanks to Jord and his son Alan Cochevelou ; Alan was the first person to play it in public and became world famous under his stage name Alan Stivell.

Since Celtic had already qualified for Europe by winning the SPL, Dunfermline were able to compete in the 2007 – 08 UEFA Cup,

Since the redevelopments to Celtic Park and Hampden Park were completed in the late 1990s, Ibrox has had the smallest capacity of the three major stadiums in Glasgow.

Since making his professional debut for Norwich City in 1997, he has played for a number of clubs in England, making his name at Newcastle United when signed by Bobby Robson in 2001 and has also had a loan spell with Scottish Premier League side Celtic in 2005.

Since their return as a team in 2002, the Borders failed to challenge for the Celtic League title, however they performed well during the 2005 / 06, finishing mid-table.

Since Johnston had previously played for Celtic and had recently committed to re-join them, the transfer to Rangers instead was highly controversial.

Since then, in Premiership ( Celtic League ) Rugby, Dan played two seasons for Cardiff Blues, but has now gone to be a star player for Connacht, an underdog Irish team with fighting ambitions.

Since April 2005, he has hosted ' Celtic Crush ', a radio show on Sirius Satellite Radio that features artists from the 8 Celtic nations who play a wide variety of genres.

Since 1990 Marsh has recorded and toured with Celtic songstress Loreena Mckennitt, spanning six multi platinum albums and numerous world tours.