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Since the fluctuations are isotropic,
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Since and fluctuations
Since the fluctuations are assumed to be small, products of the fluctuation terms can be neglected ( to first order ) and we have
Since shot noise is a Poisson process due to the finite charge of an electron, one can compute the root mean square current fluctuations as being of a magnitude
Since these particles do not have a permanent existence, they are called virtual particles or vacuum fluctuations of vacuum energy.
Since the two-fluid model, and therefore counterflow itself, is unique to superfluids, this counterflow turbulence is not observed classically ; the first observations of turbulence with direct classical counterparts has come much more recently through the investigation of pressure fluctuations in rotational flow and grid turbulence.
Since 2009, the Awami League in government faced several major political challenges, including BDR ( border security force ) mutiny, power crisis, unrest in garments industry and stock market fluctuations.
Since most of its members have historically been Mexican immigrants, Church growth has been subject to fluctuations in migration trends.
Since the fluctuations are believed to arise from inflation, such measurements can also set constraints on parameters within inflationary theory.
Since these fields do not have a permanent existence, they are called vacuum fluctuations.
Since the elasticity measures the resistance of the network to either elastic ( reversible ) or plastic ( irreversible ) deformation, the fluctuations should grow larger as the elasticity declines.
Since the electric field amplitude of the local oscillator is much higher than that of the signal the intensity or fluctuations in the signal field can be seen.
Since 1715, however, P Cygni has been a fifth magnitude star, with only minor fluctuations in brightness.
Since and are
Since the hazards of poor communication are so great, p can be justified as a habitable site only on the basis of unusual productivity such as is made available by a waterfall for milling purposes, a mine, or a sugar maple camp.
Since the slogans have little application to reality and are sanctimonious to boot, the applause is faint even in areas of the world where we should expect to find the greatest affection for free government.
Since we can neither undo nor redo the past, we are limited to the events of today and tomorrow.
Since the recognition of Israel as a nation state, claims are made in many cases which identify the claimant as a member of the new body politic.
Since accurate base maps are necessary for any planning program, the first step taken by the planning division to implement the long-range state plan has been to prepare two series of base maps -- one at a scale of 1 inch to a mile, and the second a series of 26 sheets at a scale of 1 inch to 2000 feet, covering the entire state.
Since conventional methods are insensitive at the low frequencies of these molecular transitions, the paramagnetic resonance method is being used instead.
Since broadcast frequencies are very limited in number, these objectives are to some extent inconsistent in that not all of them can be fully realized, and to the extent that each is realized, there is a corresponding reduction of the possibilities for fullest achievement of the others.
Since the provision of skywave service requires adequate freedom from interference, only class 1, stations are capable of rendering skywave service.
Since the sides are also covered up to the spray rails, they are also rough-sanded in that area.
Since fly cutters are one sided and not balanced, they should be used at the slowest speed available, and fed very slowly to avoid binding.
Since there are almost no schools in the country offering graduate work in interior design this rule cannot at present be observed.
Since charges are relatively the same, reserving a car before you leave for Europe will assure you of having one on tap when you want it.
Since practical washing procedures are both lengthy and expensive, a number of laboratory tests have been developed for the numerical evaluation of detergents.
Since the circulating thyroid hormones are the amino acids thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine ( cf. Section C ), it is clear that some mechanism must exist in the thyroid gland for their release from proteins before secretion.
Since emotional reactions in the higher vertebrates depend on individual experience and are aroused in man, in addition, by complex symbols, one would expect that the hypothalamus could be excited from the cortex.
Since Af are distinct prime polynomials, the polynomials Af are relatively prime ( Theorem 8, Chapter 4 ).
Since D and D' are both diagonalizable and they commute, they are simultaneously diagonalizable, and Af is diagonalizable.
Since N and N' are both nilpotent and they commute, the operator Af is nilpotent ; ;
Since Af are linearly independent functions and the exponential function has no zeros, these R functions Af, form a basis for the space of solutions.
Since the choice is by lot each week, the outcomes of different trials are independent.
Since two curves of symbol Af on Q intersect in Af points, it follows that there are Af lines of Af which are tangent to Aj.
Since and isotropic
Since W ′ is isotropic, multiplication of elements of W ′ inside Cℓ ( V, g ) is skew.
Since these are unknown in exact detail, cosmological models have been based on the cosmological principle, which states that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic.
Since electromagnetic radiation is dipole radiation, it is not possible to build an antenna that radiates equally in all directions, although such a hypothetical isotropic antenna is used as a reference to calculate antenna gain.
Since that time there have been numerous studies of MCD spectra for a very large variety of samples, including stable molecules in solutions, in isotropic solids, and in the gas phase, as well as unstable molecules entrapped in noble gas matrices.
Since the scattering is isotropic, the net momentum is transferred in the forward direction.
fluctuations and are
It was recognized that skywave signals, because of their reflected nature, are of great variability and subject to wide fluctuations in strength.
Hot-wire anemometers, while extremely delicate, have extremely high frequency-response and fine spatial resolution compared to other measurement methods, and as such are almost universally employed for the detailed study of turbulent flows, or any flow in which rapid velocity fluctuations are of interest.
These poles and zone-lines, whilst inducing fluctuations in data density in the reconstructed datasets, which can prove problematic during post-analysis, are critical for determining information such as angular magnification, as the crystallographic relationships between features are typically well known.
Stock market fluctuations are often cited, although Benoit Mandelbrot rejected its applicability to stock price movements in part because these are discontinuous.
This has caused price fluctuations which are not strongly related to the actual supply of food, according to the United Nations.
This is the origin of superconductivity and the superfluidity of helium-3: in superconducting materials, electrons interact through the exchange of phonons, forming Cooper pairs, while in helium-3, Cooper pairs are formed via spin fluctuations.
However, this effect is very weak, because the magnetic fields generated by individual spins are small and the resulting alignment is easily destroyed by thermal fluctuations.
After the Big Bang, the universe, for a time, was remarkably homogeneous, as can be observed in the Cosmic Microwave Background or CMB ( the fluctuations of which are less than one part in one hundred thousand ).
The most accepted theory of how these structures came to be is that all the large-scale structure of the cosmos we observe today was formed as a consequence of the growth of the primordial fluctuations, which are small changes in the density of the universe in a confined region.
The locations where the filaments meet are dense clusters of galaxies that began as small fluctuations in the early universe.
* There are always vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field, according to quantum mechanics.
It returned to 8, 000 / USD1 range at the end of 1998 and has generally traded in the Rp 8, 000 – 10, 000 / USD1 range ever since, with fluctuations that are relatively predictable and gradual.
These water level fluctuations are an integral part of lake ecology, and produce and maintain extensive wetlands.
However, these wetlands are changing in part because the natural water level fluctuations have been reduced.
While macroeconomics is a broad field of study, there are two areas of research that are emblematic of the discipline: the attempt to understand the causes and consequences of short-run fluctuations in national income ( the business cycle ), and the attempt to understand the determinants of long-run economic growth ( increases in national income ).
# The vocal folds in the larynx vibrate, creating fluctuations in air pressure that are known as sound waves.
They are naturally attuned to the magnetic fields and energy fluctuations of space around them, and can generate and precisely control a distortion field to manipulate space around them.
Episodes are replete with references to tachyon beams, baryon sweeps, quantum fluctuations and event horizons.
T < sub > f </ sub > is a fictive temperature, representing the temperature at which the density fluctuations are " frozen " in the material.
Utilization of quantum computing concepts made it possible to demonstrate that the particles are able to survive quantum fluctuations.
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