Since their invention and subsequent proliferation in the mid-20th Century, ballpoint pens have proven to be a versatile art medium for professional artists as well as amateur doodlers.

Since the invention of the first synthetic polymer product, bakelite, synthetic polymer products have frequently been invented.

Since the discovery happened several millennia before the invention of writing, there is no written record about how it was made.

Since the invention of the “ solid state ” transistor in the 1950s and the TTL ( transistor-transistor logic ) that led to the development of the IC ( integrated circuit ) in the 1960s the growth in the field of electronics has been phenomenal.

:" Since the invention of this machine, Mr. Meikle and others have progressively introduced a variety of improvements, all tending to simplify the labour, and to augment the quantity of the work performed.

Since the invention of the telescope, many pairs of double stars have been found.

Since the invention of the printing press ( if not before ), dissidents and marginalized citizens have published their own opinions in leaflet and pamphlet form.

Since the invention of the first working sewing machine, generally considered to have been the work of Englishman Thomas Saint in 1790, the sewing machine has vastly improved the efficiency and productivity of fabric, clothing and needle industries.

Since 2000, Gunderson has performed his works on stage through an electronic instrument of his own invention: " The Thimbletron.

Since the invention of the Fourdrinier machine in the 19th century, most paper has been made from wood pulp because of cost.

Since many inventions are developed independently by more than one person, it is possible that the invention of bifocals may have been such a case.

Since the invention of the Technical Friend ( which replaces the original one-piece machined alloy shaft with a brazed assembly incorporating a length of thick stainless-steel cable, which is better able to cope with loading over an edge ), there has been a great deal of development of the SLCD by a variety of manufacturers.

Since Cicotte had a much more successful career – and also gained later notoriety as one of the players implicated in the Black Sox scandal – his name is the one most often associated with the invention of the pitch today.

Since the invention of the circular needle, they have been most commonly used to knit smaller tube-shaped pieces such as sleeves, collars, and socks.

Since the invention of digital technology and audio sampling, many low budget films have been able to rely on digital samples to imitate the sound of live instruments, and many scores are created and performed wholly by the composers themselves, by using sophisticated music composition software.

Since its invention in 1929, modern bingo has evolved into multiple variations, with each jurisdiction's gambling laws regulating how the game is played.

Since the invention of the portable stove in the 19th century, a wide variety of designs and models have seen use in a number of different applications.

Since their invention, many other materials have been used.

Since he did not obtain a patent, Walker received neither fame nor wealth for his invention, but he was able to retire some years before his death.

Since its invention, it had served two principal roles: as a pleasant private entertainment for small groups of skilled amateur musicians ; and as an adjunct to large ceremonial public performances.

Since the invention of energy drinks, there are now various energy drinks from around the world.

Since the invention of the cinematograph, simple title cards were used to top and tail silent film presentations in order to identify both the film and the production company involved, and to act as a signal that the film had started and then finished.

Since the invention of radio at the end of the 19th century, ships at sea have relied on Morse code, invented by Samuel Morse and first used in 1844, for distress and safety telecommunications.

Since the invention of the fiberglass hockey mask, professional goaltenders no longer play without a mask.

Since the mid-1980s, Peart has used MIDI trigger pads to trigger sounds sampled from various pieces of acoustic percussion that would otherwise consume far too much stage area, such as a marimba, harp, temple blocks, triangles, glockenspiel, orchestra bells, tubular bells, and vibraslap as well as other, more esoteric percussion.

Since the existing MIDI file format already supported embedded " tagging " information, the advantages to the user of having a new format were not obvious.

Since the end of the 1980s, Banks has favoured Roland and Korg synthesizers, where MIDI and sampling technology has allowed him to use a smaller rig to emulate many of the earlier sounds.

Since the early 1990s, when the game port moved from dedicated expansion cards to PC I / O or sound cards, these connectors have usually doubled as connectors for MIDI instruments ; two of the redundant + 5V and GND pins of the original standard were rededicated to MIDI input and output to make this possible.

Since the inception of the MIDI interface standard in the early 1980s, most digital pianos can be connected to a computer.

Since AGO-specification MIDI pedalboards are often priced in between $ 1000 and $ 3000 USD, some amateur home organists make DIY MIDI pedalboards by retrofitting an old pedalboard with MIDI.

Since the 1990s, bass pedals are usually MIDI controllers, which have to be connected to a MIDI-compatible computer, electronic keyboard, or voice module to produce musical tones.

Since the 1990s, most electronic pedalboards have been MIDI controllers, which do not perform any tone generation themselves.

Since the development of Musical Instrument Digital Interface ( MIDI ) in the 1980s, musicians have also incorporated chest-mounted MIDI drum pads, foot-mounted electronic drum triggers, and electronic pedal keyboards into their set-ups.

Since 2006, the Musipedia search engine can also be used for searching the world wide web for MIDI files.

Since morale is closely related to pattern maintenance and integration, the higher the morale and solidarity, the better the system can solve the problems of the system.

Since experience indicates that effluents from oxidation ponds do not create major problems at these BOD concentrations, the goal for the effluent quality of the accelerated treatment system was the same as from conventional oxidation ponds.

Since the fourth ceremony, the system changed, and professionals were honored for a specific performance in a single film.

Since the adoption of a new constitution, early in 2010, the politics of Angola takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Angola is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

Since the 1951 general election, the party system has been dominated by the personalist Antigua Labour Party ( ALP ), dominated by the Bird family, particularly Prime Ministers Vere and Lester Bird.

Since in oral languages the elements of sound are for the most part produced linearly in time ( that is, in a word like cat the a sound comes after the c sound, and the t sound comes after that ), they can generally be easily written in a linear ( one-dimensional ) writing system such as an alphabet.

Since this process does not involve any heat transfer or work, the First Law of Thermodynamics then implies that the net internal energy change of the system is zero.

Since 1990, AIX has served as the primary operating system for the RS / 6000 series ( later renamed IBM eServer pSeries, then IBM System p, and now IBM Power Systems ).

Since algorithms are platform-independent ( i. e. a given algorithm can be implemented in an arbitrary programming language on an arbitrary computer running an arbitrary operating system ), there are significant drawbacks to using an empirical approach to gauge the comparative performance of a given set of algorithms.

Since 31 December 2003, the system has been closed to new users, at that time, it covered 100 % of the Spanish population, but now some antennas have been given to GSM operators.

Since independence the party system has been dominated by the Botswana Democratic Party ( BDP ), which has never lost power since independence.

Since 1990, Bulgaria has an unstable party system, in the past two decades differently dominated by the post-communist Bulgarian Socialist Party or by the right Union of Democratic Forces and recently by the new right-oriented party-Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria.

Since the 12th century, courts have had parallel and co-equal authority to make law -- " legislating from the bench " is a traditional and essential function of courts, which was carried over into the U. S. system as an essential component of the " judicial power " specified by Article III of the U. S. constitution.

Since meat has a higher energy density than vegetables, and cooking it allows more nutrients to be liberated to the body, the introduction of cooked meat in the human diet reduced the energy requirements of the digestive system.

Since the start of the " Special Period " in 1991 ( energy shortages caused by the loss of the Soviet Union as a trading partner ), hitchhiking and carpooling have become important parts of Cuba's transportation system and society in general.

Since it reflects spoken language, it does not use the positional system as in Arabic numerals, in the same way that spelling out numbers in English does not.

Since the operating system has effectively suspended the execution of the first process, it can now load the PCB and context of the second process.

Since the fall of the Republic, the authority of the Roman Senate had largely eroded under the quasi-monarchical system of government established by Augustus, known as the Principate.

Since the free energy is the maximum amount of work that can be extracted from a system, one can write:

Since at least the 1960s, when Marc Bloch's Feudal Society ( 1939 ) was first translated into English in 1961, many medieval historians have included a broader social aspect that includes not only the nobility but all three estates of the realm, adding the peasantry bonds of manorialism and the estates of the Church ; this is sometimes referred to as " feudal society " since it encompasses all members of society into the feudal system.

Since 1987, Australia has had an approved system of labelling for additives in packaged foods.

Since its reformation under private law in 1994, Deutsche Bahn AG ( DB AG ) no longer publishes details of the tracks it owns ; in addition to the DBAG system there are about 280 privately or locally owned railway companies which own an approximate 3, 000 km to 4, 000 km of the total tracks and use DB tracks in open access.

Since independence the party system is dominated by the conservative Gabonese Democratic Party.