Since the free energy is the maximum amount of work that can be extracted from a system, one can write:

IRI is more accurate in describing the variation of the electron density from bottom of the ionosphere to the altitude of maximum density than in describing the total electron content ( TEC ). Since 1999 this model is " International Standard " for the terrestrial ionosphere ( standard TS16457 ).

Since the flow speed is zero at these points, by Bernoulli's principle the static pressure at these points is at a maximum.

* Since a ship traveling at impulse velocities ( slower than, but approaching, the speed of light ) is still traveling in the normal space-time continuum, concerns of time dilation apply, so high relativistic speeds are avoided unless absolutely necessary ; impulse power is therefore customarily limited to a maximum of ¼ lightspeed.

Since slow teleprinter keyboards were used at the time ( 11 characters per second maximum ), users often could not wait for each other to finish.

Since LPCM uses an uncompressed storage method which keeps all the samples of an audio track, professional users or audio experts may use the WAV format for maximum audio quality.

Since end-to-end protocols typically operate on the basis of larger information units, Frame Relay recommends that the network support the maximum value of at least 1600 octets in order to avoid the need for segmentation and reassembling by end-users.

Since it makes no reference to any quantities involved in work ( such as p and V ), the Helmholtz function is completely general: its decrease is the maximum amount of work which can be done by a system, and it can increase at most by the amount of work done on a system.

Since the Mac's screen resolution ( 72 dpi ) was exactly half of the ImageWriter's maximum, this worked perfectly, creating text at exactly the desired size.

Since gravity only varies by a maximum of 0. 5 % over the Earth, and in most locations much less than that, the weight only had to be adjusted slightly.

Since 2003, Disney Channel has typically imposed an unwritten " 6-to-a-cast " rule as its original series generally have a maximum of six contract cast members, with So Weird being the last series before 2003 to have more than six actors appearing as series regulars ( since then however, Shake It Up had become the first series to feature seven contract cast members in season two ).

Since 1997, the US Court divided price fixing into two categories: vertical and horizontal maximum price fixing.

Since the coming info force of the 1937 constitution, no Irish government has proposed changing the maximum term of the Dáil, which still remains five years.

Since this is a limiting factor a robot may not be able to reach its specified maximum speed for movements over a short distance or a complex path requiring frequent changes of direction.

Since there is only one point to analyze, the corresponding point on the paraboloid is automatically a minimum and maximum.

Since total profit increases when marginal profit is positive and total profit decreases when marginal profit is negative, it must reach a maximum where marginal profit is zero-or where marginal cost equals marginal revenue-and where lower or higher output levels give lower profit levels.

Since exploration of the Slochteren ( Netherlands ) gas field started in the late 1960s the ground level over a 250 km² area has dropped by a current maximum of 30 cm.

Since there are no shear strain components in this coordinate system, the principal strains represent the maximum and minimum stretches of an elemental volume.

Since terminals were connected through various types of front-end processors ( as per common IBM timesharing practice both then and now ), and could therefore function without CPU attention for a considerable amount of time, MUSIC used variable-length time slices, which could, on compute-bound processing, reach a maximum of several seconds per time slice ; conversely, if a user filled the output buffer or reached a conversational read, the timeslice would end immediately.

Since chemical expertise is required to create a functional chemical leaven without leaving behind off-flavors from the chemical precursors involved, such substances are often mixed into premeasured combinations for maximum results.

Since 1998 the taxable horsepower is calculated from the sum of a CO < sub > 2 </ sub > emission figure ( over 45 ), and the maximum power output of the engine in kilowatts ( over 40 ) to the power of 1. 6.

Since the maximum number of supersymmetries is 32, the greatest number of dimensions in which a supersymmetric theory can exist is eleven.

Since mid 2009 there is also an € 0. 11 ( excluding tax ) maximum price for SMS text message included into this regulation.

* Since the range of the output signal is always limited, the output signal will eventually reach a minimum or maximum when the measured property exceeds the limits.

Since the only possible metering is through-the-lens, the lens must be manually stopped down to accurately meter at anything less than full aperture.

Since the iris was part of the camera, all of the system's lenses had to be constructed with an f / 2. 8 aperture.

Since aperture also affects the magnitude of the soft-focus effect, a wide range of results are possible.

Since diffraction cannot be eliminated, the best possible lens for a given operating condition ( aperture setting ) is one that produces an image whose quality is limited only by diffraction.

Since the aperture grill CRT also has the least metal in it allowing the best focusing and brightest pictures, they inherently produce the highest resolution CRT displays.

Since prior to the introduction of personal computers magenta was synonymous with printer's magenta, colored pencils and crayons called " magenta " are usually colored the color of process magenta ( printer's magenta ) shown above.

Since 2011 Moleskine also designs other objects connected to the cultural activities of reading, travelling and writing, including bags, reading glasses, pens, pencils, cases for digital devices, booklights, and reading stands.

Since 2002, the state boards of accountancy in Washington and South Dakota have ceased issuing CPA " certificates " and instead issue CPA " licenses.

Since many of the first issues of these stamp issuing states were printed locally using primitive methods ( generally typographed ), they can be very rare.

Since those times, the Party is issuing Al-Amal, a leading bi-lingual political publication.

Since 1976, Tuvalu began issuing its own coinage ( see Tuvaluan dollar ) but the country continues to use Australian banknotes as official currency, and the value of the Tuvaluan currency is directly tied to the Australian dollar.

Since the " Jan Otto Ltd ." publishing company, which was led by Otto's son-in-law K. B. Mádl, began issuing supplements to the original encyclopedia-the so called Otto's encyclopedia of the new era ( Ottův slovník naučný nové doby )-in 1930.

Since the 1690s the province had been issuing paper currency, and the issuance of large amounts of this currency was causing it to depreciate relative to precious metals used in other currencies.

Since 1996, VCSU has been a " laptop " campus by issuing laptop computers to full-time students.

Since 1970 the Summer Isles Philatelic Bureau has been issuing stamps of the islands for tourists who place them on mail to be carried to the nearest GPO Post Box on the mainland.

Since PCI lacks a split-response mechanism to permit the target to return data at a later time, the bus remains occupied by the target issuing retry-cycles until the read data is ready.

" " Since judges, according to the Constitution and ordinary laws as well as the jurisprudential principles, are independent in their interpretation of the law and issuing verdicts, nobody -- not even the judiciary chief -- has the right to impose its interpretation of the law on judges ," Shahroudi said in part of his letter to President Khatami.

Since World War II, the U. S. Military has been aware of the problem of insect penetration of loosely-woven fabrics in tropical and jungle environments, issuing a tightly-woven Byrd Cloth ( in Britain, Grenfell Cloth ) tropical uniform of single-layer Egyptian cotton for jungle troops in 1943.

Since then, India has been issuing definitive as well as commemorative stamps.

" Since that time, Kuhl has become more public and has been issuing more public statements and granting interviews to local radio station WLEA, primarily about the Massa situation.

Since this dispute exist and not issuing an injunction is likely not going to cause irreparable injury to Adobe, the preliminary injunction is denied.

Since 2005, by federal law the district offices are responsible for issuing passports and registering residents, tasks until then covered in Vienna by the Federal Police.

Since 1985, Saleen has had the tradition of not issuing the # 6 bumper number on any of its vehicles.

Since its formation the society, is issuing Certificates of Excellence for various students for their academic performances along with cash prizes at different schools and colleges across the Chittoor district ( mainly at Palamaner & Gurramkonda ). Encouraging the merit students and funding the poor ( rural ) students for their education is the main objective of the organization.

Since 1960 the BPS has been issuing a Sinhala-language counterpart of The Wheel called Damsak (= Dhamma-cakka ), and a series of full-size books in Sinhala called Kalana Mithuru (= Kalyanamitra ) Books.

Since the change in its business model to absorb the MLBPA royalties Cadaco has stopped issuing regular annual updates to the game, and its publishing future remains unclear.