in addition to Flavius Josephus, this is also the view found in the Talmud ( Chullin 89a, Pesahim 94b, Erubin 53a, Avodah Zarah 53b ), and later midrash such as Genesis Rabba.

In the Babylonian Talmud the treatises of the order Mo ' ed are arranged as follows: Shabbat, ' Erubin, Pesachim, Beitzah, Hagigah, Mo ' ed Katan, Rosh ha-Shanah, Ta ' anit, Yoma, Sukkah, Sheqalim, Megillah ; while the sequence in the Jerusalem Talmud is Shabbat, Eruvin, Pesachim, Yoma, Sheqalim, Sukkah, Rosh ha-Shanah, Beitzah, Ta ' anit, Megillah, Hagigah, Mo ' ed ' Katan.

According to the Talmud ( Avodah Zarah 10a-b ), Rabbi Judah was very wealthy and greatly revered in Rome.

The order of the books of Ketuvim given in the Talmud ( Bava Batra 14b-15a ), though it differs from the Ashkenazic order, also places Chronicles at the end of Ketuvim.

According to the Babylonian Talmud, the difference between a concubine and a full wife was that the latter received a marriage contract ( Hebrew: ketubah ) and her marriage ( nissu ' in ) was preceded by a formal betrothal ( erusin ), neither being the case for a concubine.

Judaism places emphasis on the right conduct ( or orthopraxy ), focusing on the Mosaic Covenant that the God of Israel, made with the Israelites, as recorded in the Torah and Talmud.

The Talmud states that the fetus is not yet a full human being until it has been born ( either the head or the body is mostly outside of the woman ), therefore killing a fetus is not murder, and abortion-in restricted circumstances-has always been legal under Jewish law.

In the Talmud ( Tractate Yoma 29a ), Esther is compared to the " morning star ", and is considered the subject of Psalm 22, because its introduction is a " song for the morning star ".

Rava states in the Babylonian Talmud that although Ezekiel describes the appearance of the throne of God ( Merkabah ), this is not because he had seen more than the prophet Isaiah, but rather because the latter was more accustomed to such visions ; for the relation of the two prophets is that of a courtier to a peasant, the latter of whom would always describe a royal court more floridly than the former, to whom such things would be familiar.

In the Talmud ( Tractate Sanhedrin 38b ), Adam was initially created as a golem ( גולם ) when his dust was " kneaded into a shapeless husk.

Sacred Jewish texts written in the Holyland at this time are the Gemara ( 400 ), the Jerusalem Talmud ( 500 ) and the Passover Haggadah.

According to the Talmud ( Tractate Makot ), there are 613 mitzvot (" commandments ") in the Torah ; in Hebrew these are known as the Taryag mitzvot תרי " ג מצוות.

A second classical distinction is between the Written Torah ( laws written in the Hebrew Bible, specifically its first five books ), and Oral Law, laws believed transmitted orally prior to compilation in texts such as the Mishnah, Talmud, and Rabbinic codes.

The Noahide laws are derived in the Talmud ( Tractate Sanhedrin 57a ), and are listed here:

The first legal codex proper, Halakhot Pesukot (" Decided Laws "), by Yehudai Gaon ( c. 760 ), rearranges the Talmud passages in a structure manageable to the layman.

* The Hilchot of the Rif, Rabbi Isaac Alfasi ( 1013 – 1103 ), summations of the legal material in the Talmud.

* The work of the Rosh, Rabbi Asher ben Jehiel ( 1250 ?/ 1259 ?– 1328 ), an abstract of the Talmud, concisely stating the final halakhic decision and quoting later authorities, notably Alfasi, Maimonides, and the Tosafists.

According to the Talmud ( Avodah Zarah 10a-b ), Judah haNasi was very wealthy and greatly revered in Rome.

Jacob (;, ; Septuagint ; ; " heel " or " leg-puller "), also later known as Israel (,,, " persevere with God "; Septuagint ; ), as described in the Hebrew Bible, the Talmud, the New Testament and the Qur ' an was the third patriarch of the Hebrew people with whom God made a covenant, and ancestor of the tribes of Israel, which were named after his descendants.

According to the Talmud ( tractate Taanit 2a ), prayer is a Biblical command: "' You shall serve God with your whole heart.

The Talmud records a tradition that unattributed statements of the law represent the views of Rabbi Meir ( Sanhedrin 86a ), which supports the theory ( recorded by Rav Sherira Gaon in his famous Iggeret ) that he was the author of an earlier collection.

In one case she paskinned din on " klaustra " a rare Greek word referring to an object, used in the Talmud, unfortunately Rabbi Yehudah Hanassi did not believe women could be credited with paskining din, as it says ' do not speak too much to women ' ( Tannah Rabbi Jesse the Galilean ), and therefore credited the law to Rabbi Joshua who may have been her father.

It is unclear, according to J. Sussman ( Mehqerei Talmud III ), whether there was any writing connected to the Oral Law, or whether it was entirely oral.

The Talmud, which often uses stories to make a moral point ( aggadah ), tells of a highly respected rabbi who found the Messiah at the gates of Rome and asked him, " When will you finally come?

The primary language of Babylon ( and the administrative and cultural language of the Sassanid Empire ) at that time was Eastern Middle Aramaic, which included three main dialects: Judeo-Aramaic ( the language of the Talmud ), Mandaean Aramaic ( the language of the Mandaean religion ), and Syriac Aramaic, which was the language of Mani, as well as of the Syriac Christians.

He was fully conversant with the Talmud and Tanakh ( Jewish Bible ), and worked as a pulpit rabbi and teacher in the 1960s.

According to the Talmud, Amram promulgated the laws of marriage and divorce amongst the Jews in Egypt ; the Talmud also argues that Amram had extreme longevity, which he used to ensure that doctrines were preserved through several generations.

Abba Arikka ( 175 – 247 ) ( Talmudic Aramaic: ; born: Abba bar Aybo, Hebrew: רבי אבא בר איבו ) was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Sassanid Babylonia, known as an amora ( commentator on the Oral Law ) of the 3rd century who established at Sura the systematic study of the rabbinic traditions, which, using the Mishnah as text, led to the compilation of the Talmud.

The method of treatment of the traditional material to which the Talmud owes its origin was established in Babylonia by Rav.

*" Man will be called to account for having deprived himself of the good things which the world offered " ( Jerusalem Talmud Kiddushin end ).

Steinsaltz completed his Hebrew edition of the entire Babylonian Talmud in November 2010, at which time Koren Publishers Jerusalem became the publisher of all of his works, including the Talmud.

This was the framework upon which the Talmud was based ; the Talmud's dialectic analysis of the content of the Mishna ( gemara ; completed c. 500 ) became the basis for all later halakhic decisions and subsequent codes.

The Beit Yosef is a huge commentary on the Tur in which Rabbi Karo traces the development of each law from the Talmud through later rabbinical literature ( examining thirty-two authorities, beginning with the Talmud and ending with the works of Rabbi Israel Isserlein ).

The Talmud ( Pesachim 87a ) claims from God that he was the greatest prophet of his generation, which included the more famous Isaiah.

These books, together with Nevi ' im and Ketuvim are known as Torah Shebikhtav as opposed to the Oral Torah, which refers to the Mishna and the Talmud.

The Mishna consists of 63 tractates codifying Jewish law, which are the basis of the Talmud.

The Talmud tells many stories about the Messiah, some of which represent famous Talmudic rabbis as receiving personal visitations from Elijah the Prophet and the Messiah.

According to the Talmud, the Midrash, and the Kabbalistic work, the Zohar, the ' deadline ' by which the Messiah must appear is 6000 years from creation.

Ginzberg was the author of a number of scholarly Jewish works, including a commentary on Talmud Yerushalmi ( the Jerusalem Talmud ) and his six-volume ( plus a one-volume index ) The Legends of the Jews, ( 1909 ) which combined hundreds of legends and parables from a lifetime of midrash research.

Legislation against the Talmud in European courts resulted from concerns that its circulation would weaken Christians ' faith and threaten the Christian basis of society, the preservation of which was the monarch's duty.

Rabbinic commentaries on the Mishnah over the next three centuries were redacted as the Gemara, which, coupled with the Mishnah, comprise the Talmud.

* Some scholars hold that the Mishnah and Talmud have been extensively shaped by later editorial redaction, but that it contains sources which we can identify and describe with some level of reliability.