The AMPAS was originally conceived by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio boss Louis B. Mayer as a professional honorary organization to help improve the film industry ’ s image and help mediate labor disputes.

The International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences defines psychological altruism as " a motivational state with the goal of increasing another ’ s welfare ".

Psychological altruism is contrasted with psychological egoism, which refers to the motivation to increase one ’ s own welfare.

One way is a sincere expression of Christian love, " motivated by a powerful feeling of security, strength, and inner salvation, of the invincible fullness of one ’ s own life and existence ".

Another way is merely " one of the many modern substitutes for love, ... nothing but the urge to turn away from oneself and to lose oneself in other people ’ s business.

* David Firestone-When Romney ’ s Reach Exceeds His Grasp-Mitt Romney quotes the song

" Swift extends the metaphor to get in a few jibes at England ’ s mistreatment of Ireland, noting that " For this kind of commodity will not bear exportation, and flesh being of too tender a consistence, to admit a long continuance in salt, although perhaps I could name a country, which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it.

George Wittkowsky argued that Swift ’ s main target in A Modest Proposal was not the conditions in Ireland, but rather the can-do spirit of the times that led people to devise a number of illogical schemes that would purportedly solve social and economic ills.

In response, Swift ’ s Modest Proposal was " a burlesque of projects concerning the poor ", that were in vogue during the early 18th century.

Critics differ about Swift ’ s intentions in using this faux-mathematical philosophy.

Charles K. Smith argues that Swift ’ s rhetorical style persuades the reader to detest the speaker and pity the Irish.

Swift ’ s specific strategy is twofold, using a " trap " to create sympathy for the Irish and a dislike of the narrator who, in the span of one sentence, " details vividly and with rhetorical emphasis the grinding poverty " but feels emotion solely for members of his own class.

Swift ’ s use of gripping details of poverty and his narrator ’ s cool approach towards them create " two opposing points of view " that " alienate the reader, perhaps unconsciously, from a narrator who can view with ' melancholy ' detachment a subject that Swift has directed us, rhetorically, to see in a much less detached way.

Once the children have been commodified, Swift ’ s rhetoric can easily turn " people into animals, then meat, and from meat, logically, into tonnage worth a price per pound ".

Swift uses the proposer ’ s serious tone to highlight the absurdity of his proposal.

In making his argument, the speaker uses the conventional, text book approved order of argument from Swift ’ s time ( which was derived from the Latin rhetorician Quintilian ).

James Johnson argued that A Modest Proposal was largely influenced and inspired by Tertullian ’ s Apology: a satirical attack against early Roman persecution of Christianity.

Johnson notes Swift ’ s obvious affinity for Tertullian and the bold stylistic and structural similarities between the works A Modest Proposal and Apology.

He reminds readers that " there is a gap between the narrator ’ s meaning and the text ’ s, and that a moral-political argument is being carried out by means of parody ".

In 2010, Armenia ’ s exports remained resource-dependent, largely because the non-resource-intensive sectors were significantly less competitive.

Agrippina ’ s actions were considered unusual as for a Roman wife, because a conventional Roman wife was required to stay home.

A few months before Augustus ’ death in 14, the emperor wrote and sent a letter to Agrippina mentioning how Caligula must be future emperor because at that time, no other child had this name.

However, Tiberius didn ’ t allow her to marry Saloninus, because of political implications the marriage could have.

The assassins left in terror because a snake suddenly darted from beneath Lucius ’ pillow — but it was only a sloughed-off snake-skin in his bed, near his pillow.

For instance, in 51, Agrippina ordered the execution of Britannicus ’ tutor Sosibius because he had confronted her and was outraged by Claudius ’ adoption of Nero and his choice of Nero as successor, instead of choosing his own son Britannicus.

According to Asser, because of Pope Marinus ’ friendship with King Alfred, the pope granted an exemption to any Anglo-Saxons residing within Rome from tax or tribute.

Also, supporters of this view would characterize Luke ’ s portrayal of the Roman Empire as positive because they believe Luke “ glosses over negative aspects of the empire and presents imperial power positively .” For example, when Paul is before the council defending himself, Paul says that he is “ on trial concerning the hope of the resurrection of the dead ” ( Acts 23: 6 ).

Some scholars believe that the apologetic view of Luke ’ s work is overemphasized and that it should not be regarded as a “ major aim of the Lucan writings .” While Munck believes that purpose of Luke ’ s work is not that clear-cut and sympathizes with other claims, he believes that Luke ’ s work can function as an apology only in the sense that it “ presents a defense of Christianity and Paul ” and may serve to “ clarify the position of Christianity within Jewry and within the Roman Empire .” Pervo disagrees that Luke ’ s work is an apology and even that it could possibly be addressed to Rome because he believes that “ Luke and Acts speak to insiders, believers in Jesus .” Freedman believes that Luke is writing an apology but that his goal is “ not to defend the Christian movement as such but to defend God ’ s ways in history .”

Pervo sees Luke ’ s work as a “ legitimizing narrative ” because it makes “ a case by telling a story ( or stories )” and serves to legitimate either “ Pauline Christianity ( possibly in rivalry to other interpretations ) or generally as the claim of the Jesus-movement to possess the Israelite heritage .” On the other hand, some scholars greatly disagree with the view of legitimation because they believe that it “ mirror-reads ” Luke ’ s work attempting to uncover the circumstances surrounding Luke ’ s work by over-arguing something that may not be that valid.

Many who side with this view disagree that Luke portrays Christianity or the Roman Empire as harmless and thus reject the apologetic view because “ Acts does not present Christians as politically harmless or law abiding for there are a large number of public controversies concerning Christianity, particularly featuring Paul .” For example, to support this view Cassidy references how Paul is accused of going against the Emperor because he is “ saying that there is another king named Jesus .” ( Acts 17: 7 ) Furthermore, there are multiple examples of Paul ’ s preaching causing uprisings in various cities ( Acts 14: 2 ; 14: 19 ; 16: 19-23 ; 17: 5 ; 17: 13-14 ; 19: 28-40 ; 21: 27 ).

During the Atari 7800 ’ s life cycle, Atari found themselves struggling to get developers to create 7800 versions of then-popular arcade titles because of a controversial policy employed by Nintendo.

Keith Kintigh wrote: " To put it bluntly, in many cases it doesn't matter much to the progress of anthropology whether a particular archaeoastronomical claim is right or wrong because the information doesn ’ t inform the current interpretive questions.

But, because the writer had an incomplete and erroneous view of historical details in the second half of the sixth century, Daniel ’ s era, such imbalances support the theory of a late date of writing.

A social movement that was individualist, egalitarian and perfectionist grew to a political democratic majority attacking slavery, and slavery ’ s defense in the Southern pre-industrial traditional society brought the two sides to war.

Yet, as Lemke and O ’ Connor point out, The Book of Lamentations, while adapting several traditional literary, historical, and cultural Near Eastern elements, is a unique literary composition, scripted to a specific historical situation, in response to an historical catastrophe, addressing the survivors of this catastrophe in a distinctive religious context.

It is useful for community dances where “ keeping on the correct side ” is difficult because of a large gender imbalance, for children ’ s dances and for groups who want to add a little variety and a creative learning experience to their traditional dance venue.

Plato ’ s student Aristotle did not maintain his former teacher's geometric view of the elements, but rather preferred a somewhat more naturalistic explanation for the elements based on their traditional qualities.

When the second novel, Dune Messiah, opens, Muad ’ Dib ’ s religion has sent his fanatical soldiers on an interstellar jihad, destroying the traditional structures of government and leaving billions dead.

Consequently, the traditional usage of the terms is based on the orbit ’ s semi-major axis, and includes objects situated between the 2: 3 and 1: 2 resonances, that is between 39. 4 and 47. 8 AU ( with exclusion of these resonances and the minor ones in-between ).

New alternatives to traditional ‘ sample-sense-compress ’ systems ( which sample a full resolution then compress ), provide efficient resource usage based on principles of compressed sensing.

Richardson asserts that traditional classroom ’ s will essentially enter entropy unless teachers increase their comfort and proficiency with technology.

He replaced traditional readers, spellers and grammar books with children ’ s own writing, literature, and teacher prepared materials.

An attentive student, he spent his leisure time drawing, staging puppet shows, and reading Il corriere dei piccoli, the popular children ’ s magazine that reproduced traditional American cartoons by Winsor McCay, George McManus and Frederick Burr Opper.

When Constantine converted to Christianity the majority of his subjects were still pagans and the Roman Imperial cult of the divinity of the emperor, expressed through the traditional burning of candles and the offering of incense to the emperor ’ s image, was tolerated for a period because it would have been politically dangerous to attempt to suppress it.

The traditional public art program began during the Depression in the 1930s when Iowa State College ’ s President Raymond Hughes envisioned that " the arts would enrich and provide substantial intellectual exploration into our college curricula.

The first is known as the ‘ traditional ’ midwife, who is also an herbalist.

The term nursery rhyme is used for " traditional " poems for young children in Britain and many other countries, but usage only dates from the 19th century and in North America the older ‘ Mother Goose Rhymes ’ is still often used.

Four years later the club adopted the traditional uniform of blue and white vertical stripes at the insistence of the VFA, who wanted a visible contrast between Geelong's and Hotham ’ s uniforms.

After holding the traditional ordination of priests and bishops in December and confirming Farfa Abbey ’ s possessions on condition that every day the monks would recite one hundred “ Kyrie Eleisons ” as well as a yearly payment to the Roman Church of ten golden solidi, Stephen died on 24 January 817.

Implementing the Council's decision, Pope Pius V promulgated, in the Apostolic Constitution Quo Primum on 14 July 1570, an edition of the Roman Missal that was to be in obligatory use throughout the Latin Church except where there was a traditional liturgical rite that could be proved to be of at least two centuries ’ antiquity.

Nicolosi ’ s intervention plans involve conditioning a man to a traditional masculine gender role.

In these contexts, ‘ Shinto ’ takes on the meaning of ‘ Japan ’ s traditional religion ’, as opposed to foreign religions such as Christianity, Buddhism, Islam and so forth.

Food has been one traditional topic of choice in relating semiotic theory because it is extremely accessible and easily relatable to the average individual ’ s life.

The U. S. Department of State ’ s official explanation of 21st Century Statecraft is: “ The complementing of traditional foreign policy tools with newly innovated and adapted instruments of statecraft that fully leverages the networks, technologies, and demographics of our interconnected world .”.

The salient characteristics of Gombrowicz ’ s writing include incisive descriptions of characters ' psychological entanglement with others, an acute awareness of conflicts that arise when traditional cultural values clash with contemporary values, and an exasperated yet comedic sense of the absurd.

Wearing white clothing ( or a ' kittel ' for Ashkenazi Jews ), is traditional to symbolize one ’ s purity on this day.