Now, although the roots of the mystery story in serious literature go back as far as Balzac, Dickens, and Poe, it was not until the closing decades of the 19th century that the private detective became an established figure in popular fiction.

This Europeanization of the law was made explicit by a number of 19th century scholars.

The Civil War was a significant force in the eventual dominance of the singular usage by the end of the 19th century.

In the zoological sciences, some of his observations were confirmed to be accurate only in the 19th century.

His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic.

With the Prior Analytics, Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th century advances in mathematical logic.

The term was originally coined in the 19th century by the founding sociologist and philosopher of science, Auguste Comte, and has become a major topic for psychologists ( especially evolutionary psychology researchers ), evolutionary biologists, and ethologists.

From its beginnings in the early 19th century through the early 20th century, anthropology in the United States was influenced by the presence of Native American societies.

In Greece, there was since the 19th century a science of the folklore called laographia ( laography ), in the form of " a science of the interior ", although theoretically weak ; but the connotation of the field deeply changed after World War II, when a wave of Anglo-American anthropologists introduced a science " of the outside ".

The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century ; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century.

Early 19th century.

In the Middle Bronze Age an apparently " alphabetic " system known as the Proto-Sinaitic script is thought by some to have been developed in the Sinai peninsula during the 19th century BC, by Canaanite workers in the Egyptian turquoise mines.

From the 19th century it once again became more and more popular.

Yombe people | Yombe-sculpture, 19th century

Portugal has been present in Angola for 400 years, occupied the territory in the 19th and early 20th century, and ruled over it for about 50 years.

Distinctions in vocabulary persist, for example, in culinary terms, where communication with Germans is frequently difficult, and administrative and legal language, which is due to Austria's exclusion from the development of a German nation-state in the late 19th century and its manifold particular traditions.

Until the late 19th century, the axiom of choice was often used implicitly, although it had not yet been formally stated.

The Iron is a famous 19th century landmark in central Norrköping

The museum can be found in the 19th century building The Iron in the Motala ström river in central Norrköping.

With the beginning of the slow decline of the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century, and as a result of the expansionist policies of Czarist Russia in the Caucasus, many Muslim nations and groups in that region, mainly Circassians, Tatars, Azeris, Lezgis, Chechens, and several Turkic groups left their ancestral homelands and settled in Anatolia.

Later in the 19th century, other missionaries adapted Evans ' system to other Canadian aboriginal languages.

Charles Dickens was a prominent English author of the 19th century.

Leo Tolstoy was a prominent Russian author of the 19th century.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, physicists discovered subatomic components and structure inside the atom, thereby demonstrating that the ' atom ' was divisible.

Émile Zola was a prominent French author of the 19th century.

Mark Twain was a prominent American author of the 19th century.

The idea that alternative mathematical systems might exist was very troubling to mathematicians of the 19th century and the developers of systems such as Boolean algebra made elaborate efforts to derive them from traditional arithmetic.

The system was first discovered at the end of the 19th century, and first excavated and studied in the 1970s.

While the term's etymology might suggest that antisemitism is directed against all Semitic peoples, the term was coined in the late 19th century in Germany as a more scientific-sounding term for Judenhass (" Jew-hatred "),

Doubleday's purported invention of baseball was such a widely accepted belief in the late 19th century, that the legend was recorded on a Civil War monument in Maryland in 1897.

Another amino acid that was discovered in the early 19th century was cystine, in 1810, although its monomer, cysteine, was discovered much later, in 1884.

Benzene, C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 6 </ sub >, is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon and was recognized as the first aromatic hydrocarbon, with the nature of its bonding first being recognized by Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz in the 19th century.

In the 19th century, the color of amethyst was attributed to the presence of manganese.

A tremendous religious movement swept the U. S. in the early 19th century, marked by the growth and popularity of churches and religious revivals that got their start in Kentucky and Tennessee.

Late 19th century and the 20th century were marked by large scale economic migrations abroad.

Despite occasional entanglements with European Powers such as the War of 1812 and the 1898 Spanish-American War, U. S. foreign policy was marked by steady expansion of its foreign trade and scope during the 19th century, and it maintained its policy of avoiding wars with and between European powers.

The location of his house in Lower Street is marked with a plaque, although the building itself was demolished ( and elements incorporated into local architect Thomas Lidstone's house on Ridge Hill ) in the 19th century to make way for a new road which was named after Newcomen.

The last two decades of the 19th century were also marked by the development of a Haitian intellectual culture.

Kinglassie's development during the late 19th and early 20th Century was marked by its rapid expansion to house mine workers.

The first half of the 19th century for Europe was marked by a number of wars and revolutions, which contributed to a turning from the realities of the political and social fragmentation that were taking place, and a further trend towards Romanticism.

The advent of political science as a university discipline was marked by the creation of university departments and chairs with the title of political science arising in the late 19th century.

The site of the tomb in Dunfermline Abbey was marked by large carved stone letters spelling out " King Robert the Bruce " around the top of the bell tower, when the eastern half of the abbey church was rebuilt in the first half of the 19th century.

William's grave is currently marked by a marble slab with a Latin inscription dating from the early 19th century.

By the mid-20th century, the Catholic Church in the United States had managed to overcome much of the deeply entrenched anti-Catholic prejudice that marked the nativist reactions of the 19th century.

Later Christian chroniclers and pre-20th century historians praised Charles Martel as the champion of Christianity, characterizing the battle as the decisive turning point in the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe ; according to modern military historian Victor Davis Hanson, " most of the 18th and 19th century historians, like Gibbon, saw Poitiers ( Tours ), as a landmark battle that marked the high tide of the Muslim advance into Europe.

The 19th century marked an era of medical reform in Europe and increased regulation over the medical profession.

The late 19th century marked a shift in federal land management priorities with the creation of the first national parks, forests, and wildlife refuges.

In the second half of the 19th century, the city again began to expand, marked by the arrival of the railway, the enlargement of the port and the construction of representative buildings ( Provincial Hospital, Casino, Theater ) and parks.

It grew slowly from thereon, with periods of more marked increase towards the end of the 19th century, during the Great Depression and the post – World War II baby boom.

Another theory is that the name is a corruption of " Electric ", the name by which Eclectic was marked on some late 19th century maps of Alabama.

The territory of Oklahoma was not settled until the late 19th century, in contrast to neighboring Texas and Kansas, because it had originally been marked off as a giant Indian Reservation.

" However, the rest of the 19th century would be marked as vacillation between the two political extremes, with each side gaining the upper hand at one point or another.

The 19th century was marked by social crises engendered by the Industrial Revolution, with Father Adolf Daens and his Christene Volkspartij emerging as the local defender of workers ' rights.

The 19th and 20th centuries were marked by a considerable loss of authority and influence of the ulama in most Islamic states.

The establishment of the modern Olympic Games at the end of the 19th century marked a new high for track and field.

The later 19th century is marked by struggles between liberal and conservatives forces in Mexico.

Trafalgar ushered in the Pax Britannica of the 19th century, marked by general peace in the world's oceans, under the ensigns of the Royal Navy.