Alexander I ( c. 1078 – 23 April 1124 ), also called Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim ( Modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Mhaol Chaluim ) and nicknamed " The Fierce ", was King of the Scots from 1107 to his death.

Alexander II ( Mediaeval Gaelic: Alaxandair mac Uilliam ; Modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Uilleim ) ( 24 August 1198 – 6 July 1249 ) was King of Scots from

Alexander III ( Medieval Gaelic: Alaxandair mac Alaxandair ; Modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Alasdair ) ( 4 September 1241 – 19 March 1286 ) was King of Scots from 1249 to his death.

Guide books and posters from Ireland, Scotland in Gaelic, English, Doric and Scots, Cornwall, Brittany and Nova Scotia refer to live music performances.

Although Irish and Manx are often referred to as Irish Gaelic and Manx Gaelic ( as they are Goidelic or Gaelic languages ), the use of the word Gaelic is unnecessary because the terms Irish and Manx, when referring to language, only ever refer to these languages, whereas Scots has come to refer to a Germanic language, and therefore " Scottish " can refer to things not at all Gaelic.

In the west were the Gaelic ( Goidelic )- speaking people of Dál Riata with their royal fortress at Dunadd in Argyll, with close links with the island of Ireland, from which they brought with them the name Scots.

The use of Scots and English became prominent in recent times but the Hebrides still contain the largest concentration of Scottish Gaelic speakers in Scotland.

Cináed mac Ailpín ( Modern Gaelic: Coinneach mac Ailpein ), commonly Anglicised as Kenneth MacAlpin and known in most modern regnal lists as Kenneth I ( 810-13 February 858 ) was king of the Picts and, according to national myth, first king of Scots, earning him the posthumous nickname of An Ferbasach, " The Conqueror ".

Lowland Scots orthography, like Scottish Gaelic and Irish, represents with ch, so the word was borrowed with identical spelling.

Lulach mac Gille Coemgáin ( Modern Gaelic: Lughlagh mac Gille Chomghain, known in English simply as Lulach, and nicknamed Tairbith, " the Unfortunate " and Fatuus, " the Simple-minded " or " the Foolish "; before 1033 – 17 March 1058 ) was King of Scots between 15 August 1057 and 17 March 1058.

Mac Bethad mac Findlaích ( Modern Gaelic: MacBheatha mac Fhionnlaigh, anglicised as Macbeth, and nicknamed Rí Deircc, " the Red King "; died 15 August 1057 ) was King of the Scots ( also known as the King of Alba, and earlier as King of Moray and King of Fortriu ) from 1040 until his death.

Máel Coluim mac Donnchada ( Modern Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh, called in most Anglicised regnal lists Malcolm III, and in later centuries nicknamed Canmore, " Big Head ", either literally or in reference to his leadership, " Long-neck "; died 13 November 1093 ), was King of Scots.

Malcolm's Kingdom did not extend over the full territory of modern Scotland: the north and west of Scotland remained in Scandinavian, Norse-Gael and Gaelic control, and the areas under the control of the Kings of Scots would not advance much beyond the limits set by Malcolm II ( Máel Coluim mac Cináeda ) until the 12th century.

Orange is Norn, yellow is English / Scots and blue is Scottish Gaelic.

He claimed to have collected word-of-mouth material in the Scots Gaelic said to be from ancient sources, and the work was his translation of that material.

The controversy raged on into the early years of the 19th century, with disputes as to whether the poems were based on Irish sources, on sources in English, on Gaelic fragments woven into his own composition as Johnson concluded, or largely on Scots Gaelic oral traditions and manuscripts as Macpherson claimed.

Robert I ( 11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329 ), popularly known as Robert the Bruce ( Medieval Gaelic: Roibert a Briuis ; modern Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart Bruis ; Norman French: Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys ), was King of Scots from 25 March 1306, until his death in 1329.

The word broch is derived from Lowland Scots ' brough ', meaning ( among other things ) fort.

Here, again, a new term appears in the record, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the first time using the word scottas, from which Scots derives, to describe the inhabitants of Constantine's kingdom in its report of these events.

Successively, the word elf, as well as literary term fairy, evolved to a general denotation of various nature spirits like Puck, hobgoblins, Robin Goodfellow, the English and Scots brownie, the Northumbrian English hob and so forth.

Hogmanay ( Scottish English: ) is the Scots word for the last day of the year and is synonymous with the celebration of the New Year ( Gregorian calendar ) in the Scottish manner.

Some authors reject both the French and Goidelic theories and instead suggest that the ultimate source both for the Norman French, Scots and Goidelic variants of this word are to be found in a common Norse root.

However, due to increasing Anglicisation and globalisation, today not even all Scots can pronounce the fricative and in attempting to say the word " loch ", they instead make the sound of the word " lock "-i. e.

Their Old English name gave the modern Scots form Pechts and the Welsh word Fichti.

The word tor ( Cornish tor, Old Welsh twrr, Modern Welsh tŵr, Scots Gaelic tòrr ), meaning hill, is notable for being one of the very few Celtic loanwords to be borrowed into vernacular English before the modern era – such borrowings are mainly words of a geographic or topographical nature.

The word was originally a late medieval Scots word ( circa 1500 ) meaning a gathering of any kind, according to the Oxford English Dictionary.

In the 19th century, Americans in the southern United States employed the word in reference to Americans from the northern United States ( though not to recent immigrants from Europe ; thus a visitor to Richmond, Virginia, in 1818 commented, " The enterprising people are mostly strangers ; Scots, Irish, and especially New England men, or Yankees, as they are called ").

In Old English and Early and Middle Scots, the word ton, toun, etc.

could refer to kinds of settlements as diverse as agricultural estates and holdings, partly picking up the Norse sense ( as in the Scots word fermtoun ) at one end of the scale, to fortified municipality at the other.

Legend has it that the name was the result of a spectator exclaiming " Oh how she scoons ", scoon being similar to scon, a Scots word meaning to skip along the surface of the water.

The term Lallans, a variant of the Modern Scots word lawlands, is also used, though this is more often taken to mean the Lallans literary form.

The stand-off which followed was not resolved until two years later, and became known as the " Lang Siege ", from the Scots word for " long ".

Thrawn is his " core " name, reminiscent of the Scots word " thrawn ", meaning " twisted or crooked ".

The modern usage in Scotland is Scottish or Scots, where the word " Scotch " is only applied to specific products, usually food or drink, such as Scotch whisky, Scotch pie, Scotch broth, Scotch tape, or Scotch eggs, and " Scotch " if applied to people is widely considered pejorative, reflecting old Anglo-Scottish antagonisms.

The adjective or noun Scotch is an early modern English ( 16th century ) contraction of the English word Scottish which was later adopted into the Scots language.

By 1908, this was described by the New York Times as a " long-established … preference " ( see article ) In modern usage in Scotland, " Scotch " is never used, other than as described in the following paragraph for certain articles ; it has gathered patronising and faintly offensive connotations (" frugal with one's money "), and a non-Scot who uses the word in conversation with Scots as a description of them may find this a good test of their courtesy.

The name is a pun on Kenneth Horne's name and the ( now mainly Scots / Scottish English ) word ken, meaning " knowledge or perception ".

The term alimony comes from the Latin word alimōnia (" nourishment, sustenance ", from alere, " to nourish "), from which also alimentary ( of, or relating to food, nutrition, or digestion ) and the Scots law concept of aliment, and was a rule of sustenance to assure the wife's lodging, food, clothing, and other necessities after divorce.

The Scots language names for the month are Feberwary and Februar, the latter usually pronounced with a long " ay " in the first syllable.

Anyone using RP will typically speak Standard English although the reverse is not necessarily true ( e. g. the standard language may be pronounced with a regional accent, such as a Scottish or Yorkshire Accent ; but it is very unlikely that someone speaking RP would use it to speak the Scots or the Yorkshire Dialect ).

Most consonants are usually pronounced much as in other Modern Scots dialects but:

In Scotland, " Gaelic " is usually pronounced or ; in Scots and Scottish English.

The town's coat of arms shows two foxes reaching up to eat plums from a tree, and the motto is Sour Plums pronounced in Scots as soor plooms.

* The word endings-re and-er are pronounced as in Standard English, unlike the rhotic Scots variant.

It turns out he's a French-polisher – " polish " being pronounced the same as " Polish " in Scots.

Teuchter ( pronounced or ) is a Lowland Scots word originally used to describe a Scottish Highlander, ( in particular a Gaelic speaking Highlander.

His Gaelic song about the event, " O, Is Àlainn an t-Àite ( pronounced: oh, iss ah-lin un t-ah-chuh ) " O, Fair is the Place ", is thought by many to be the first Scots Gaelic song composed in North America.

* Mary, queen of Scots, is depicted as having a Scottish accent when in actuality she probably had a pronounced French accent.

* Similarly, the svarabhakti (" helping vowel ") that is used in some consonant combinations in Gaelic and Scots is sometimes used, so that " film " may pronounced " fillum ".

After his release he was an active partisan of Mary, Queen of Scots ; he baptised the infant James, afterwards King James VI, and pronounced the divorce of the queen from Bothwell.

In words of Scots origin, it may be pronounced as or, as in loch.

Multiplepoinding, ( pronounced multiplepinding ) in Scots law, the technical term for a form of action by which conflicting claims to the same fund or property are determined.