In a Hittite text is mentioned that the king invited a Babylonian priestess for a certain " purification ".

A later Babylonian text states

Ludlul bēl nēmeqi is a Babylonian text, also known as the " Babylonian Job ", which concerns itself with the unjust suffering of an afflicted man, named Shubshi-meshre-Shakkan.

The writer of the pesher draws a comparison between the Babylonian invasion of the original text and the Roman threat of the writer's own period.

The inscription includes three versions of the same text, written in three different cuneiform script languages: Old Persian, Elamite, and Babylonian ( a later form of Akkadian ).

The Code of Hammurabi is the longest surviving text from the Old Babylonian period.

This text recounts a prophetic dream by Nebuchadnezzar, in which the previous empires had been Babylonian, Persian, Grecian and Roman ; the last empire, they concluded, would be established by the returning Jesus as King of kings and Lord of Lords to reign with his saints on earth for a thousand years.

The most extensive Babylonian medical text, however, is the Diagnostic Handbook written by the ummânū, or chief scholar, Esagil-kin-apli of Borsippa, during the reign of the Babylonian king Adad-apla-iddina ( 1069-1046 BC ).

The most extensive Babylonian medical text, however, is the Diagnostic Handbook written by the ummânū, or chief scholar, Esagil-kin-apli of Borsippa, during the reign of the Babylonian king Adad-apla-iddina ( 1069-1046 BC ).

In particular, the Babylonian text Dialogue of Pessimism contains similarities to the agonistic thought of the sophists, the Heraclitean doctrine of contrasts, and the dialectic and dialogs of Plato, as well as a precursor to the maieutic method of Socrates.

The oldest surviving planetary astronomical text is the Babylonian Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa, a 7th century BC copy of a list of observations of the motions of the planet Venus, that probably dates as early as the second millennium BC.

Moreover, they claimed that their version of the Pentateuch was the original and that the Jews had a falsified text produced by Ezra during the Babylonian exile.

Lazarus Goldschmidt published an edition from the " uncensored text " of the Babylonian Talmud with a German translation in 9 vols.

The Yemenite Jews are the only Jewish community to continue the use of Targum as liturgical text, as well as to preserve a living tradition of pronunciation for the Aramaic of the targumim ( according to a Babylonian dialect ).

The Babylonian GU text arranges stars in ' strings ' that lie along declination circles and thus measure right-ascensions or time-intervals, and also employs the stars of the zenith, which are also separated by given right-ascensional differences.

The most extensive Babylonian medical text, however, is the Diagnostic Handbook written by the ummânū, or chief scholar, Esagil-kin-apli of Borsippa, during the reign of the Babylonian king Adad-apla-iddina ( 1069-1046 BC ).

The Babylonian text Dialog of Pessimism contains similarities to the agonistic thought of the sophists, the Heraclitean doctrine of contrasts, and the dialogs of Plato, as well as a precursor to the maieutic Socratic method of Socrates.

* The Complete Babylonian Talmud ( Aramaic / Hebrew ) as text.

Despite the rivalry of ben Naphtali and the opposition of Saadia Gaon, the most eminent representative of the Babylonian school of criticism, ben Asher's codex became recognized as the standard text of the Bible.

In a translation of an ancient Nabataean text by Kuthami the Babylonian, Ibn Wahshiyya ( c. 9th-10th century AD ), adds information on his own efforts to ascertain the identity of Tammuz, and his discovery of the full details of the legend of Tammuz in another Nabataean book: " How he summoned the king to worship the seven ( planets ) and the twelve ( signs ) and how the king put him to death several times in a cruel manner Tammuz coming to life again after each time, until at last he died ; and behold!

The problem of evil takes at least four formulations in ancient Mesopotamian religious thought, as in the extant manuscripts of Ludlul bēl nēmeqi ( I Will Praise the Lord of Wisdom ), Erra and Ishum, The Babylonian Theodicy, and The Dialogue of Pessimism.

One of the earliest exemplars was the Dialogue between a Man and His God from the late Old Babylonian period.

The first, termed Proto-Isaiah ( chapters 1 – 39 ), contains the words of the 8th-century BCE prophet with 7th-century BCE expansions ; the second, Deutero-Isaiah ( chapters 40 – 55 ), is the work of a 6th-century BCE author writing near the end of the Babylonian captivity ; and the third, the poetic Trito-Isaiah ( chapters 56 – 66 ), was composed in Jerusalem shortly after the return from exile, probably by multiple authors.

The Babylonian Talmud, tractate Sanhedrin, contains a long discussion of the events leading to the coming of the Messiah, for example:

The Book of Enoch contains references to Satariel, thought also to be Sataniel and Satan ' el ( etymology dating back to Babylonian origins ).

The Babylonian version also contains the opinions of more generations because of its later date of completion.

( The Book of Daniel contains similar accounts of Jews living in exile in Babylonia being assigned names relating to Babylonian gods.

The standard Babylonian version, ša naqba īmeru, ‘‘ He who saw the deep ,’’ contains up to 3, 000 lines on eleven tablets and a prose meditation on the fate of man on the twelfth which was virtually a word-for-word translation of the Sumerian “ Bilgames and the Netherworld .” It is extant in 73 copies and was credited to a certain Sîn-lēqi-unninni and arranged upon an astronomical principle.

The Babylonian version contains the opinions of more generations because of its later date of completion.

Eusebius ' other mentions of Berossus in Praeparatio Evangelica are derived from Josephus, Tatianus, and another inconsequential source ( the last cite contains only, " Berossus the Babylonian recorded Naboukhodonosoros in his history.

Dating back to the time of the Babylonian captivity ( 6th century BCE ), public Torah reading mostly followed an annual cycle beginning and ending on the Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah, with the Torah divided into 54 weekly portions to correspond to the lunisolar Hebrew calendar, which contains up to 55 weeks, the exact number varying between leap years and regular years.

The Gemarah of the Babylonian talmud contains homilectic descriptions of the importance of the practice, including an argument that washing before meals is so important that neglecting it is tantamount to unchastity, and risks divine punishment in the form of sudden destruction or poverty.

The Old Persian text contains 414 lines in five columns ; the Elamite text includes 593 lines in eight columns and the Babylonian text is in 112 lines.

The Torah, which contains the story of the exodus, was formed in the period of the Babylonian exile ( 5th century BCE ) or shortly after.

While seeking origins others have suggested examination of some similarities to the Babylonian creature, Humbaba, in the Gilgamesh epic.

The parallels-both similarities and differences-between Noah's ship and that of the Babylonian flood hero Atrahasis have often been noted.

The similarities between the story of Noah's Ark, the Sumerian story of Ziusudra, and the Babylonian stories of Atrahasis and Utnapishtim are shown by corresponding lines in various versions:

Some similarities have been found between the ancient Greek hetaera, the earlier Babylonian nadītu, the Japanese geisha, and the Korean kisaeng.

Babylonian thought was axiomatic and is comparable to the " ordinary logic " described by John Maynard Keynes.

Babylonian thought was also based on an open-systems ontology which is compatible with ergodic axioms.

Babylonian thought had a considerable influence on early Greek and Hellenistic philosophy.

The Romaniotes had distinct customs, very different from those of the Sephardic Jews, and closer to those of the Italian Jews: some of these are thought to be based on the Jerusalem Talmud instead of the Babylonian Talmud.

Medieval re-discovery of Greek thought among Gaonim of 10th century Babylonian academies brought rationalist philosophy into Biblical-Talmudic Judaism.

According to later Assyrian and Babylonian myth, the Anunnaki were the children of Anu and Ki, brother and sister gods, themselves the children of Anshar and Kishar ( Skypivot and Earthpivot, the Celestial poles ), who in turn were the children of Lahamu and Lahmu (" the muddy ones "), names given to the gatekeepers of the Abzu temple at Eridu, the site at which the creation was thought to have occurred.

That celebration is now thought to be the Akitu festival, or Babylonian new year.

According to Edward Moore of St. Elias School of Orthodox Theology, Nebraska, Apokatastasis was first properly conceptualized in early Stoic thought, particularly by Chrysippus whose thinking was influenced by the theory of recurrence and cosmic cycles in Babylonian astronomical thought.

Various works of classical Jewish rabbinic literature are thought to contain references to Jesus, including some uncensored manuscripts of the Babylonian Talmud ( redacted roughly before 600 CE ) and the classical midrash literature written between 250 CE and 700 CE.

However, variations on the word have been used throughout history with the earliest instance being in the Bible, though the practice is thought to have been used by the ancient Babylonian priests.

Although internalist histories of modern science tend to emphasize the norms of modern science, internalist histories can also consider the different systems of thought underlying the development of Babylonian astronomy or Medieval impetus theory

In the 9th year of Samsu-iluna's reign a man calling himself Rim-sin ( known in the literature as Rim-sin II, and thought to perhaps be a nephew of the Rim-sin who opposed raised a rebellion against Babylonian authority in Larsa which spread to include some 26 cities, among them Uruk, Ur, Isin and Kisurra in the south, and in the north.

The Dance of the Seven Veils is also thought to have originated with the myth of the fertility goddess Ishtar ( Astarte ) of Assyrian and Babylonian religion.

Though no direct evidence is available, it is generally thought that the neighboring Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations had an influence on the younger Greek tradition.

Exemplars of izbu compendia first appear in the old Babylonian period but it is not until the late second millennium that it is thought to have reached canonical form and exemplars of teratomantic texts from this era have been found in Assur and Babylon as well as further afield in Susa, Emar, Ugarit and Ḫattuša.

The Uruk List of Sages and Scholars names Šaggil-kīnam-ubbib as the ummânu, or sage, who served under him and the later king Adad-apla-iddina when he would author the Babylonian Theodicy, and several literary texts are thought to originate from his age, written in both Sumerian and Akkadian.