Unlike in Hindu and Jain sources, in ancient Buddhist texts ahimsa ( or its Pāli cognate ) is not used as a technical term.

In Buddhist literature the Sanskrit term cakra ( Pali cakka ) is used in a different sense of " circle ," referring to a Buddhist conception of the Cycle of Rebirth consisting of six states in which beings may be reborn.

Dukkha ( Pāli ; Sanskrit: ; Tibetan phonetic: dukngal ) is a Buddhist term commonly translated as " suffering ", " stress ", " anxiety ", or " dissatisfaction ".

In Buddhist philosophy, dhamma / dharma is also the term for " phenomenon ".

The word is also used in Buddhist phenomenology as a term roughly equivalent to phenomenon, a basic unit of existence and / or experience.

Daena has been used to mean religion, faith, law, even worship as a translation for the Hindu and Buddhist term Dharma, often interpreted as " duty " or social order, right conduct, or virtue.

* Inka, a Zen Buddhist term indicating that a person has been ordained or given a Master's seal of approval

In the essay titled " The God Conception of Buddhism " he attempts to explain how a Buddhist looks at the ultimate without an anthropomorphic God figure while still being able to relate to the term God in a Buddhist sense:

However, the followers of Buddhism usually avoid the term God, for it savors so much of Christianity, whose spirit is not always exactly in accord with the Buddhist interpretation of religious experience.

To define more exactly the Buddhist notion of the highest being, it may be convenient to borrow the term very happily coined by a modern German scholar, " panentheism ," according to which God is πᾶν καὶ ἕν ( all and one ) and more than the totality of existence.

Some scholars restrict the use of the term " Prakrit " to the languages used by Hindu and Jain writers only ; others include the Buddhist languages, such as Pali and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit, and the inscriptional Prakrits.

The actual process of change from one life to the next is called punarbhava ( Sanskrit ) or punabbhava ( Pāli ), literally " becoming again ", or more briefly bhava, " becoming ", and some English-speaking Buddhists prefer the term " rebirth " or " re-becoming " to render this term as they take " reincarnation " to imply a fixed entity that is reborn .< ref >" Reincarnation in Buddhism: What the Buddha Didn't Teach " By Barbara O ' Brien, About. com < sup > Popular Jain cosmology and Buddhist cosmology as well as a number of schools of Hinduism posit rebirth in many worlds and in varied forms.

While the English term " saint " originated in Christianity, the term is now applied in other world religions, with the Jewish Tzadik, the Islamic wali, the Hindu rishi or guru, and the Buddhist arahat or boddhisatva also referred to as saints.

Some lay practitioners in the West these days use the word " Sangha " as a collective term for all Buddhists, but the Pali Canon uses the word parisā ( Sanskrit, parisad ) for the larger Buddhist community — the monks, nuns, lay men, and lay women who have taken the Three Refuges — reserving ‘ Sangha ’ for a more restricted use .”

Some academic inquiries within Buddhism, dedicated to the rational investigation of a Buddhist understanding of the world, prefer the designation Buddhist philosophy to the term Buddhist theology, since Buddhism lacks the same conception of a theos.

Jains use the Buddhist term vihara.

But, it is explicitly stated in Buddhist sutras that the worship of an Ishvara ( an ancient South Asian term for a creator god, most likely not referring to the Abrahamic God who may not have been known in South Asia during the Buddha's lifetime, but given the context meaning either Shiva, Kali or Brahma ) is unnecessary to the attainment of Nirvana, as the Buddha believed worshipers are still trapped in an endless cycle of rebirth ( Samsara ).

The state-run Chinese Buddhist Association, concerned with Buddhist apostates taking up Falun Gong practice, were the first to term Falun Gong xiejiao in the latter half of 1996.

According to a 4th / 5th-century biography translated by Kumārajīva, Nāgārjuna was born into a Brahmin family, and later became a Buddhist.

When the Buddhist texts were translated into Chinese, the concubines of others were added to the list of inappropriate partners.

Hundreds of collections of Pali and Sanskrit texts were translated into Chinese by Buddhist monks within a short period of time.

A colophon to a Buddhist manuscript in Old Turkish states that it was translated from Sanskrit via a language called twγry, read as toxrï by Friedrich W. K. Müller in 1907 who guessed it was the newly discovered language of the Turpan area.

* Buddhist Jataka stories are translated into Syriac and Arabic as Kalilag and Damnag.

* Mid-6th century – Buddhist Jataka stories are translated into Persian by order of the Zoroastrian king Khosrau.

* The Buddhist Srimala Sutra is translated into Chinese by Gunabhadra.

Other travelers to Eastern-Han China included Buddhist monks who translated works into Chinese, such as An Shigao of Parthia, and Lokaksema from Kushan-era Gandhara, India.

Important Buddhist canons were translated into Chinese during the 2nd century CE, including the Sutra of Forty-two Chapters, Perfection of Wisdom, Shurangama Sutra, and Pratyutpanna Sutra.

It was also taken into China brought by Kasyapa Matanga in the 2nd century CE, Lokaksema and An Shigao translated Buddhist sutras into Chinese.

The entire Chinese Buddhist canon was translated into the Tangut language over a span of 50 years and published around 1090 in about 3700 juan — a remarkable feat, compared to the time it took the Chinese to accomplish the same task.

The Bodhisattvacharyāvatāra or Bodhicaryāvatāra, sometimes translated into English as A Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life, is a famous Mahāyāna Buddhist text written c. 700 AD in Sanskrit verse by Shantideva ( Śāntideva ), a Buddhist monk at Nālandā Monastic University in India.

Tsuji also found this relevant to the Buddhist concept of nothingness, sometimes translated as mu.

The ultimate goal of a Buddhist practitioner is to eliminate karma ( both good and bad ), end the cycle of rebirth and suffering, and attain Nirvana, usually translated as awakening or enlightenment.

Daumal was self-taught in the Sanskrit language and translated some of the Tripitaka Buddhist canon into the French language, as well as translating the literature of the Japanese Zen scholar D. T.

From the time Zaya Pandita developed todo bichig in 1648 until his death in 1662, he translated approximately 186 Buddhist texts from Tibetan language to the Oirat language while still serving the religious needs of the Oirat tribes in Dzungaria.

Another text recovered from the same area, a Buddhist work in Old Turkic, included a colophon stating that the text had been translated from Sanskrit via a toxrï language, which Friedrich W. K. Müller guessed was one of the newly discovered languages.

Master Lok To translated the Daily Recitation his last work of the The Buddhist Liturgy 佛會課誦 available for free in all Chinese Buddhist temples worldwide.

* 8th century: Buddhist Jataka stories are translated in to Syriac and Arabic as Kalilag and Damnag.

Śūnyatā, ( Sanskrit, also shunyata ; Pali: suññatā ), is a Buddhist term that is translated into English as emptiness, openness, thusness, etc.

An Shigao translated Buddhist texts on basic doctrines, meditation, and abhidharma.

安玄 ), a Parthian layman who worked alongside An Shigao, also translated an early Mahāyāna Buddhist text on the bodhisattva path.

Early Buddhist philosophers and exegetes of the Sarvāstivādins created a pluralist metaphysical and phenomenological system, in which all experiences of people, things and events can be broken down into smaller and smaller perceptual or perceptual-ontological units called " dharmas ".

In these sutras the perfection of the wisdom of not-self is stated to be the true self ; the ultimate goal of the path is then characterized using a range of positive language that had been used previously in Indian philosophy by essentialist philosophers, but which was now transmuted into a new Buddhist vocabulary to describe a being who has successfully completed the Buddhist path.

In these latter cases the faiths do not promote deference, as happens in monotheisms ; rather each suggests a path of action that will bring the practitioner into conformance with the divine law: ahimsa — ' no harm ' — for Buddhist and Hindu faiths ; de or te — ' virtuous action ' — in daoism ; and any of numerous practices of peace and love in new age thinking.

Canonical Buddhist teachings emphasize the importance of practicing meditation to develop insight into dukkha.

Emperor Kazan, who was tricked into abdicating, on his way to the temple where he will become a Buddhist monk – woodblock prin by Yoshitoshi Tsukioka ( 1839 – 1892 ).

Medieval Song Dynasty painters such as Lin Tinggui and his Luohan Laundering ( housed in the Smithsonian Freer Gallery of Art ) of the 12th century are excellent examples of Buddhist ideas fused into classical Chinese artwork.

Wilfred Cantwell Smith traced the story from a 2nd to 4th century Sanskrit Mahayana Buddhist text, to a Manichee version, which then found its way into Muslim culture as the Arabic Kitab Bilawhar wa-Yudasaf ( Book of Bilawhar and Yudasaf ), which was current in Baghdad in the 8th century.

During the Northern Expedition, in 1926 in Guangxi, Muslim General Bai Chongxi led his troops in destroying Buddhist temples and smashing idols, turning the temples into schools and Kuomintang party headquarters.

After the Parinibbana ( Final Passing ) of the Buddha, the Buddhist monastic order developed into a primarily cenobitic or communal movement.

In the Muromachi era, Buddhist monks discovered that soybeans could be ground into a paste, spawning new cooking methods using miso to flavor other foods.

The majority of official Nichiren-temples were " tamed " during the Edo period to the effect that they were subsumed “ into a nationwide Buddhist parish system designed to ensure religious peace and eradicate the common enemy, Christianity ”.

Ashoka sponsored the spreading of Buddhist ideals into Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, West Asia and Mediterranean Europe.

The succeeding kingdoms of Sri Lanka would maintain a large number of Buddhist schools and monasteries, and support the propagation of Buddhism into other countries in Southeast Asia as well.

These accounts were written with two purposes in mind: the introduction of Taoist, Confucian, and Buddhist themes into Japanese religion ; and garnering support for the legitimacy of the Imperial house, based on its lineage from the sun goddess, Amaterasu.

The Soga family eventually prevailed and supported Empress Suiko and Prince Shotoku, who helped impress Buddhist faith into Japan.

Following the example of the Buddhist Tripiṭaka, it is divided into three dong (, " caves ", " grottoes ").

In the following years he founded Lá Bối Press, the Van Hanh Buddhist University in Saigon, and the School of Youth for Social Service ( SYSS ), a neutral corps of Buddhist peaceworkers who went into rural areas to establish schools, build healthcare clinics, and help re-build villages.

Although they did not succeed in maintaining a presence in Tibet, their texts found their way into the Tibetan Buddhist canon, providing the Tibetans with almost all of their primary sources about the Foundation Vehicle.

* Kumārajīva, ( 344-413 ), Buddhist monk from India, translator of sutras into Chinese

* 1052: Fujiwara no Yorimichi converts the rural villa at Byōdō-in into a famous Japanese Buddhist temple.