* 1951 – Tibetan delegates to the Central People's Government arrive in Beijing and draft a Seventeen Point Agreement for Chinese sovereignty and Tibetan autonomy.

The Government had apparently given preferential treatment to Chinese companies, and was again criticised for the apparent preferential treatment to the BOCHK.

Allied with a number of Chinese Communists and advised by Soviet agent Mikhail Borodin, Wang declared the National Government as having moved to Wuhan.

Wang named himself President of the Executive Yuan and Chairman of the National Government ( not the same ' National Government ' as Chiang's ), and led a surprisingly large minority of anti-Chiang / anti-Communist Chinese against his old comrades.

Zizhi Tongjian, literally " Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government ", was a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography.

Government estates were called gzhung-gzhis () and similar to the officials in Chinese caste system.

* 1949 – Chinese Civil War: The Communist Party of China forces take over Tianjin from the Nationalist Government.

Chinese lottery is not documented before 1847 when the Portuguese Government of Macao decided to grant a licence to lottery operators.

The Chinese Imperial Government imprisoned and executed multiple Portuguese envoys after torturing them in Guangzhou.

Government figures indicate that 5, 000 Chinese miners die in accidents each year, while other reports have suggested a figure as high as 20, 000.

Meadows successfully argued in his Desultory Notes on the Government and People of China, published in 1847, that " the long duration of the Chinese empire is solely and altogether owing to the good government which consists in the advancement of men of talent and merit only ," and that the British must reform their civil service by making the institution meritocratic.

The British-run Government of India initially rejected the Simla Agreement as incompatible with the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907, which stipulated that neither party was to negotiate with Tibet " except through the intermediary of the Chinese government ".

** The United States signs The Sino-American Treaty of Wanghia with the Chinese Government ( the first diplomatic agreement between China and the United States in history ).

:... the American Government deems it to be its duty to notify both the Imperial Japanese Government and the Government of the Chinese Republic that it cannot admit the legality of any situation de facto nor does it intend to recognize any treaty or agreement entered into between those Governments, or agents thereof, which may impair the treaty rights of the United States or its citizens in China, including those that relate to the sovereignty, the independence, or the territorial and administrative integrity of the Republic of China, or to the international policy relative to China, commonly known as the open door policy ...

For many years, the Government of the People's Republic of China forbade performance of Turandot because they said it portrayed China and the Chinese unfavourably.

This massacre of the Chinese was deemed sufficiently serious for the board of the VOC to start an official investigation into the Government of the Dutch East Indies for the first time in its history.

* "' Downsizing ' the Chinese State: Government Retrenchment in the 1990s ".

The Chinese Civil War ( 1927 – 1950 ) was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang ( KMT ), or the Chinese Nationalist Party-led Nationalist Government of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China ( CPC ), for the control of each other's territory which eventually led to two de facto states, the Republic of China ( ROC ) in Taiwan and the People's Republic of China ( PRC ) in mainland China both claiming to be the legitimate government of China.

In 1951, the Tibetan representatives signed a seventeen-point agreement with the Chinese Central People's Government affirming China's sovereignty over Tibet.

In 1891 the Government of China refused to accept the U. S. senator Mr. Henry W. Blair as U. S. Minister to China due to his abusive remarks regarding China during negotiation of the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Following the Chinese victory in the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Nationalist Government under Chiang Kai-shek was restored in Nanjing and the KMT set out to enact a liberal democratic Constitution in line with the last stage of Sun Yat-sen's three stages of national development.

But, up to now, no one has attempted to analyze its inherent mathematical properties, or the numerical significance of its numbers -- singly or in combination -- and then tried to consider these in the light of Old Chinese cosmological concepts.

But in the Chinese mind, there was little difference between the two -- the bonzes were no more metaphysical than a magician has to be.

Zhuyin developed out of a form of Chinese shorthand based on Chinese characters in the early 1900s and has elements of both an alphabet and a syllabary.

Chinese has in which the first element sounds like the accented second syllable in " America " ( and the second element means " nation ").

Haplogroup M7a has been found elsewhere mainly among Japanese and Ryukyuans, and with lower frequency among Udegeys, Koreans, Chinese, Filipinos, Taiwanese aborigines, Buryats, Central Asians, and Waars of the Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya, India.

Dau Miu () is a Chinese vegetable that has become popular since the early 1990s, and now not only appears on English-language menus, usually as " pea shoots ", but is often served by upscale non-Asian restaurants as well.

* 1869 – Chinese and Irish laborers for the Central Pacific Railroad working on the First Transcontinental Railroad lay 10 miles of track in one day, a feat which has never been matched.

Tibetan astrology also shares many of these components but has also been strongly influenced by Chinese culture and acknowledges a circle of animal signs similar to that of the Chinese zodiac ( see below ).

Chinese astrology has a close relation with Chinese philosophy ( theory of the three harmonies: heaven, earth and man ) and uses concepts such as yin and yang, the Five phases, the 10 Celestial stems, the 12 Earthly Branches, and shichen ( 時辰 a form of timekeeping used for religious purposes ).

Chinese art has a long history of varied styles and emphases.

The identity of the high-ranking personage who lived luxuriously in Chinese style, far outside of the borders of the Han Empire, has remained a matter for discussion ever since.

On 23 September 2011, Bille August announced that he has opened his studio in Hangzhou, China and taken a position as Tianpeng Media's Art Director, aiming to produce Chinese films for Tianpeng Media over the next few years.

The Chinese recorded the first official account of the practice in 2300 BC, but it is generally believed that gambling in some form or another has been seen in almost every society in history.

Originating in Dalian in 2005, the Chinese Championships of Crokinole ( CCC ) has been heavily contested since.

This, of course, gave great prestige to the Chinese version and in the first four years of play only one winner has emerged out of China.

" China has an ongoing military-military relationship with Cameroon, which includes training for Cameroonian military students each year in China, technical advisors to assist in repairing Cameroonian military vehicles and naval vessels, and Chinese military sales.

Since 2009, Cuba has imported sedans from Chinese automaker Geely to serve as police cars, taxis and rental vehicles.

In a lively exchange over what has come to be referred to as " The Chinese room Argument ", John Searle sought to refute the claim of proponents of what he calls ' Strong Artificial Intelligence ( AI )' that a computer program can be conscious, though he does agree with advocates of " Weak AI " that computer programs can be formatted to " simulate " conscious states.

Since the 20th century, another source of words has been Japanese using existing kanji ( Chinese characters used in Japanese ).

In between eras of multiple kingdoms and warlordism, Chinese dynasties have ruled parts or all of China ; in some eras, including the present, control has stretched as far as Xinjiang and / or Tibet.

In a sense, the problem stems from centuries of introspection on the part of the Chinese people, which has blurred the distinction between fact and fiction in regards to this early history.

They were once used by Chinese mathematicians, and later in Chinese markets, such as those in Hong Kong before the 1990s, but has been gradually supplanted by the Arabic numerals.