From the early 1930s the Japanese had been at war against both the Chinese Nationalists and the Russians in China, and used the experience to improve both training and aircraft, replacing biplanes with modern cantilever monoplanes and creating a cadre of exceptional pilots for use in the Pacific War.

Kim established the Korean People's Army ( KPA ) aligned with the Communists, formed from a cadre of guerrillas and former soldiers who had gained combat experience in battles against the Japanese and later Nationalist Chinese troops.

Cai is a Chinese citizen who formerly served as a managing director for Goldman Sachs and has over 20 years of financial sector experience.

The majority of PRC Chinese do not understand the overseas Chinese experience of being a minority, as ethnic Han Chinese comprise approximately 91 % of the population.

Many Chinese were conscripted into " burial teams ", an experience they would later recall as horrifically traumatic.

However, the war was very costly to the Chinese side, as more than just " volunteers " were mobilized, and because of the lack of experience in modern warfare and the lack of modern military technology, China's casualties vastly outnumbered that of the United Nations.

A recent study done by the observer of Chinese film and television, Ying Zhu, suggests that “ CCTV is full of serious-minded creators who regularly experience bouts of self-doubt, philosophical ambivalence, and in some cases, clinical depression .” During her extensive interviews with key CCTV players, Zhu notes that “ Certain common themes, about ideals distorted or altogether thwarted by commercial and political pressure, emerged .”

Chinese national, Chun Yu Wang, in her 2009 book, Chicken Feathers and Garlic Skin: Diary of a Chinese Garment Factory Girl on Saipan ( as told to Walt F. J. Goodridge ), provides the only known first-hand account of factory work conditions and life in the barracks, and provides revealing insights from a Chinese perspective into the experience typical of many of the garment factory workers on Saipan.

As the Chinese proverb says " A wise man learns from experience ; a wiser man learns from the experience of others ".

The policy of working with the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek had been recommended by the Dutch Communist Henk Sneevliet, chosen in 1923 to be the Comintern representative in China due to his revolutionary experience in the Dutch Indies, where he had a major role in founding the Partai Komunis Indonesia ( PKI ), and who felt that the Chinese party was too small and weak to undertake a major effort on its own.

The paper had also arranged for a " dog team " ( slang for paparazzi in the Chinese language ) to track a judge for 72 hours, to provide the judge with first-hand experience with what paparazzi do.

For several decades Lin's name and image were censored within China, but in recent years a balanced image of Lin has reappeared in popular culture: surviving aides and family members have published memoirs about their experience with Lin ; scholars have explored most surviving evidence relevant to his life and death, and have gained exposure within the official Chinese media ; movies set before 1949 have made reference to Lin ; and, Lin's name has re-appeared in Chinese history textbooks, recognizing his contributions to the victory of the Red Army.

Mrs. Chao became known as author of How to Cook and Eat in Chinese for which Chao wrote the text based on his wife's recipes and experience.

No Chinese pieces clearly from the 14th century are known, the earliest datable pieces being from the reign of the Xuande Emperor ( 1425 – 35 ), which however show a full use of Chinese styles suggesting considerable experience in the technique.

The module also gave Chinese mission controllers experience at long-duration spaceflights.

Dutch, English, Spanish, German and Italian language listeners experience a robust McGurk effect, while it is weaker for Japanese and Chinese listeners.

But a tossing of coins, with perhaps the added safeguard of reference to the oracles of the I Ching, the Chinese Book Of Changes, dictates the handling of the chosen materials.

I never found it among any of the Chinese with whom I spoke, though granted they were, almost all, members of the official family who, presumably, harbor official thoughts.

And the Chinese, as the Albanian incident shows, have strong suspicions that Khrushchev is anxious to secure a `` shameful '' peace with the West.

The Chinese, North Vietnamese and North Koreans, on the other hand, feel that, militarily, Russia is strong enough to support them in the `` just wars of liberation '' they would like to embark on before long: with China attacking Formosa and the North Koreans and North Vietnamese liberating the southern half of their respective countries.

Then the Chinese hostler, who rode with Vernon on the box, would break open a hamper and produce filets of smoked bass or sturgeon, sandwiches, pickled eggs, and a rum sangaree to be heated over a spirit lamp.

Following arrowed signs, I veered right toward the former kitchens, complete with chimneys, which now house one of the world's greatest collections of Chinese porcelain and a fabulous array of silver dinner services.

The technique of reality confusion -- the use of paradox and riddles to shake the mind's grip on reality -- originated with fourth and third century B.C. Chinese Quietism: the koan is not basically a new device.

Early Chinese anchoritism was theoretically aimed at a mystic pantheist union with the divine, personal salvation being achieved when the mystical recluse united with divine essence.

administrative organization and delicate diplomatic relations with Top Brass -- British, American and Chinese ; ;

Another possible source of the suanpan is Chinese counting rods, which operated with a decimal system but lacked the concept of zero as a place holder.

The zero was probably introduced to the Chinese in the Tang Dynasty ( 618-907 AD ) when travel in the Indian Ocean and the Middle East would have provided direct contact with India, allowing them to acquire the concept of zero and the decimal point from Indian merchants and mathematicians.

); its design was planned by the government of the day ; and it places individual letters in syllable clusters with equal dimensions, in the same way as Chinese characters, to allow for mixed-script writing ( one syllable always takes up one type-space no matter how many letters get stacked into building that one sound-block ).

As of early 2011, trade with China is dominated by imports of Chinese goods and accounts for about 10 percent of Armenia's foreign trade.

The Terracotta Army commissioned by the first Chinese Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi is a collection of about 8000 life-sized ceramic soldiers and horses buried with the emperor.

Even though this period-known in its earlier part as the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period-in its latter part was fraught with chaos and bloody battles, it is also known as the Golden Age of Chinese philosophy because a broad range of thoughts and ideas were developed and discussed freely.

The Agrarians believed that Chinese society should be modeled around that of the early sage king Shen Nong, a folk hero which was portrayed in Chinese literature as " working in the fields, along with everyone else, and consulting with everyone else when any decision had to be reached.

The term apocrypha is used with various meanings, including " hidden ", " esoteric ", " spurious ", " of questionable authenticity ", ancient Chinese " revealed texts and objects " and " Christian texts that are not canonical ".

There is, however, speculation that local criminal gangs barter abalone illegally with Chinese nationals in exchange for chemicals used in the production of drugs, reducing the need for the use of money and hence avoiding money laundering difficulties.

File: HK Food Chinese Seafood Dinner 鮑魚仔 Steamed Abalone with Mandarin orange peels. JPG |< center > Abalone with mandarin orange peels .</ center >

Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup Y is otherwise found mainly among Nivkhs, and with lower frequency among Tungusic peoples, Koreans, Mongols ( including Kalmyks and Buryats ), Chinese, Japanese, Central Asians, South Siberian Turkic peoples ( e. g. Tuvans, Todjins, Soyots ), Koryaks, Alyutors, Itelmens, Taiwanese aborigines, Filipinos, Indonesians, and Malaysians.

This turn of events marked China's transition from a planned economy to a mixed economy with an increasingly open market environment, a system termed by some as " market socialism ", and officially by the Communist Party of China as " Socialism with Chinese characteristics ".

During this era, Chinese scholars attempted to incorporate Western philosophical ideologies such as democracy, Marxism, socialism, liberalism, republicanism, and nationalism into Chinese philosophy.

Unlike Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek was socially conservative, promoting traditional Chinese culture in the New Life Movement and rejecting western democracy and the nationalist democratic socialism that Sun Yat-sen and some other members of the KMT embraced in favor of a nationalist authoritarian government.

This alliance was short lived, however, as Guinea moved towards a Chinese model of socialism.

It had been during this period that Mao had first learned of the imported western concept of socialism from a newspaper article, and intrigued, he read several pamphlets by Jiang Kanghu ( 1883 – 1954 ), a student who had founded the Chinese Socialist Party in November 1911.

The Chinese Communist Party considers China to be in the initial stages of socialism.

In the People's Republic of China, the Chinese Communist Party has led a transition from the command economy of the Mao period to an economic program they term the socialist market economy or " socialism with Chinese characteristics ".

Nationalism meant the Han Chinese race standing up against Manchu rule and Japanese and Western interference, democracy meant elected rule modeled after Japan's parliament, and people's livelihood or socialism, meant government regulation of the means of production.

The Chinese were deeply disturbed by the Soviet suppression of the Prague Spring in 1968, as the latter now claimed the right to intervene in any country it saw as deviating from the correct path of socialism.

It was in Japan where Chen became influenced by socialism and the growing Chinese dissident movement.

From 1919 to 1921, until the formation of the Chinese Communist Party, it focused on promoting socialism, and Marxism.

Sun died before he was able to fully explain his vision of this Principle and it has been the subject of much debate within both the Chinese Nationalist and Communist Parties, with the latter suggesting that Sun supported socialism.

He believed that after discussion it would be apparent that socialist ideology was the dominant ideology over capitalism, even amongst non-communist Chinese, and would thus propel the development and spread of the goals of socialism.

This has resulted in a system some have termed " de facto federalism with Chinese characteristics " ( in reference to Deng Xiaoping's policy of socialism with Chinese characteristics ).

See Chinese socialism.

Under Deng Xiaoping, the People's Republic of China proclaimed a policy of " socialism with Chinese characteristics ".

Therefore, the Workers ' Party emerged rejecting the traditional leaders of official unionism, and seeking to put into practice a new form of democratic socialism, trying to reject political models it regarded as decaying, such as the Soviet and Chinese ones.

With the adoption of " socialism with Chinese characteristics ", economic reforms fueled military and technological investment.

In 1979, on the 30th anniversary of the foundation of the PRC, the government of Deng Xiaoping denounced the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution as a national failure ; and, in the 1980s, pursued pragmatic policies such as “ seeking truth from facts ” and the “ Chinese road to socialism ”, which withdrew the PRC from the high-level abstractions of ideology, polemic, and Russian Marxist revisionism ; the Sino-Soviet split had lost some political importance.

He finds damning statistics to back up his claim of the total failure of state socialism to promote the general welfare: " In 1969, Austrians, Finns and Poles could expect to die at the same average age ( 70. 1 years ) but in 1989, Poles had a life expectancy about four years shorter than Austrians and Finns ," "... The great famine of 1959-61, probably the greatest famine of the twentieth century: According to official Chinese statistics, the country's population in 1959 was 672. 07 millions.