The right to file an appeal can also vary from state to state ; for example, the New Jersey Constitution vests judicial power in a Supreme Court, a Superior Court, and other courts of limited jurisdiction, with an appellate court being part of the Superior Court.

The Constitution of Brazil knows also two elements of direct democracy, stated in Article 14.

They also responded to the promise of a " minimal dwelling " written into the new Weimar Constitution.

The Constitution of Medina (, Ṣaḥīfat al-Madīna ), also known as the Charter of Medina, was drafted by the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

The Constitution established: the security of the community, religious freedoms, the role of Medina as a haram or sacred place ( barring all violence and weapons ), the security of women, stable tribal relations within Medina, a tax system for supporting the community in time of conflict, parameters for exogenous political alliances, a system for granting protection of individuals, a judicial system for resolving disputes, and also regulated the paying of Blood money ( the payment between families or tribes for the slaying of an individual in lieu of lex talionis ).

The Spanish Constitution of 1812, and the legislation passed by the Cádiz Cortes after it was set up in 1808, created a number of liberal political and commercial policies, which were welcomed in Cuba but also curtailed a number of previous political and commercial liberties.

He also signed the Worker's Compensation Act of 1910, which required a compulsory, employer-paid plan of compensation for workers injured in hazardous industries and a voluntary system for other workers ; after the New York Court of Appeals ruled the law unconstitutional in 1911, a popular referendum was held that successfully made the law an amendment in the New York Constitution.

__NOTOC__The current Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile, approved by Chilean voters in a controversial and tightly controlled plebiscite on September 11, 1980, under the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, partially effective March 11, 1981, fully effective 11 March 1990 and amended considerably on August 17, 1989 ( via referendum ) and on September 22, 2005 ( legislatively ), and also in 1991, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, replaced the earlier constitution of 1925.

The federal government has certain express powers ( also called enumerated powers ) which are powers spelled out in the Constitution, including the right to levy taxes, declare war, and regulate interstate and foreign commerce.

According to the Italian Constitution, after his resignation from the office of President, Cossiga became lifetime senator, joining his predecessors in the upper house of parliament, with whom he also shared the title of President Emeritus of the Italian Republic.

He also presided over the convention that drafted the Constitution.

The Constitution also provided for political decentralization through the election of mayors and administrative bodies responsible for local government.

These claims are linked by the Constitution of the second German Empire: according to this, whoever was King of Prussia was also German Emperor.

Article 104, paragraph 1 of the German Constitution provides that deprivations of liberty may be imposed only on the basis of a specific enabling statute that also must include procedural rules.

Restrictions on the power of the authorities to arrest and detain individuals also emanate from article 2 paragraph 2 of the Constitution which guarantees liberty and requires a statutory authorization for any deprivation of liberty.

The most important of these are article 19, which generally requires a statutory basis for any infringements of the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution while also guaranteeing judicial review ; article 20, paragraph 3, which guarantees the rule of law ; and article 3 which guarantees equality.

" The resolution also proposed that the Constitution of each State embody the rights contained in the Declaration.

The 1948 Constitution of Italy establishes the parliament, an executive branch ( cabinet ), headed by the Prime Minister ( also called President of the Council ), and an independent judicial branch headed by the ' Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura '.

The president can also reject openly anti-constitutional acts as the guardian of the Constitution of Italy.

* Commerce Clause, also known as the Interstate Commerce Clause and Indian Commerce Clause, an enumerated power of the United States Constitution

They were also published in book form and became a virtual debater ’ s handbook for the supporters of the Constitution in the ratifying conventions.

He helped to write the 1936 Soviet Constitution, but during the Great Purge of the 1930s, he was accused of treason and confessed, after two and a half months of interrogation, at the Trial of the Seventeen ( 1937, also called the Second Moscow Trial ).

That the Constitution of the United States, having delegated to Congress a power to punish treason, counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States, piracies, and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations, and no other crimes, whatsoever ; and it being true as a general principle, and one of the amendments to the Constitution having also declared, that " the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people ," therefore the act of Congress, passed on the 14th day of July, 1798, and intitled " An Act in addition to the act intitled An Act for the punishment of certain crimes against the United States ," as also the act passed by them on the — day of June, 1798, intitled " An Act to punish frauds committed on the bank of the United States ," ( and all their other acts which assume to create, define, or punish crimes, other than those so enumerated in the Constitution ,) are altogether void, and of no force watsoever.

The Kiribatian government has responded by including several special provisions in the Constitution, such as the designation of a Banaban seat in the legislature and the return of land previously acquired by the government for phosphate mining.

Bismarck, feeling pressured and unappreciated by the Emperor and undermined by ambitious advisers, refused to sign a proclamation regarding the protection of workers along with Wilhelm, as was required by the German Constitution, to protest Wilhelm's ever increasing interference to Bismarck's previously unquestioned authority.

" As previously stated, the Constitution requires the concurrence of at least two-thirds of the members present of both the House of Representatives and the Senate to a joint resolution which proposes a constitutional amendment.

The validity of a ratification that a state first grants and then later purports to rescind, and of the subsequent ratification of an amendment which that state previously rejected and then later assented to, was addressed by Congress in 1868 when Secretary of State William H. Seward issued a proclamation that what we know today as the Fourteenth Amendment was properly ratified and a part of the Constitution.

The governor general is required by both the Constitution Act ( previously the British North America Act ), 1867, and the letters patent issued in 1947 by King George VI.

Parliamentary system now part of the Constitution ( previously this was only a constitutional custom ) ( new § 15 ).

In 1868, under the South Carolina Constitution revised during Reconstruction, South Carolina districts became counties, with officials elected by male citizens at least 21-years old, rather than by state officials as done previously.

Similarly, opposition ( and some support ) was expressed during Reconstruction, such as in 1867, the same year he filed papers incorporating the Johns Hopkins Institutions, when he attempted unsuccessfully to stop the convening of the Constitutional Convention where the Democratic Party came into power and where a new Constitution, the Constitution still in effect, was voted to replace the Constitution of the Radical Republicans previously in power.

The Indian Constitution places no requirement on the president to act on bills passed by the parliament unless the president has previously sent the bill back to parliament.

The Texas Revolution had begun five months previously, and the interim government, known as the Consultation, had wavered over whether to declare independence from Mexico or pledge to uphold the repudiated Mexican Constitution of 1824.

In 1791 a particularly important development took place when the May 3rd Constitution removed the king from the three estate Sejm and transformed the previously equal House of Envoys and Senate into a modern parliament comprising a lower house ( Chamber of Envoys ) and upper house ( Senate ).

Although previously established by an Act of Parliament, the framers of the 1997 Constitution thought it best to enshrine it there.

* Constitution ( Amendment No. 15 ) Act ( 14 May 1929 ): This amendment permitted one member of the Executive Council ( cabinet ) to be a senator, as previously it had been required that all be members of the Dáil.

" The Sons of the American Revolution had previously scheduled a patriotic rally for the day after ( September 17 ) to celebrate Constitution Day at exactly the same intersection.

According to the Colombian Constitution of 1991 the executive power for this region will be vested in a single individual elected by popular vote ( starting from 1991, governors were previously appointed by the President of Colombia ) and will be called Governor of the Córdoba Department.

Article 123 was perhaps the most radical of the provisions of the 1917 Constitution and was intended to give the working class a relief to the many abuses and hardships they had previously faced from uncontrolled labor managers.

He was the presidential nominee of the Constitution Party for the 2008 U. S. presidential election and had previously been its nominee for U. S. vice president in 2004.

It amended the earlier Constitution of the Year VIII and Constitution of the Year X, establishing the First French Empire with Napoleon Bonaparte — previously First Consul for Life, with wide-ranging powers — as Napoleon I, Emperor of the French.

Under article 265 of the 1999 Constitution, judges may be removed by a two-thirds majority of the National Assembly, if the Attorney General, Comptroller General, and Human Rights Ombudsperson have previously agreed a " serious failure " and suspended the judge accordingly.

The matter had previously been heard by an 11 Judge Constitution Bench of the Court ( the second largest bench in the Court's history ).

Research at Liberty Hall has uncovered more information than was previously known about his role in shaping the Constitution.