Because West Berlin was not officially under the jurisdiction of the Constitution and because of the Cold War, the Bundestag met in Bonn in several different buildings, including ( provisionally ) a former water works facility.

In his works Constitution of Athens, Politics, and Nicomachean Ethics he explores different constitutions of his day, including those of Athens, Sparta, and Carthage.

Historians including Donald Grinde, Bruce Johansen and others believe that the Iroquois constitution provided inspiration for the United States Constitution and in 1988 was recognised by a resolution in Congress.

The 1960 Cypriot Constitution provided for a presidential system of government with independent executive, legislative, and judicial branches, as well as a complex system of checks and balances including a weighted power-sharing ratio designed to protect the interests of the Turkish Cypriots.

The Provisional IRA convention delegates opposed to the change in the Constitution claimed that the convention was gerrymandered " by the creation of new IRA organisational structures for the convention, including the combinations of Sligo-Roscommon-Longford and Wicklow-Wexford-Waterford.

The new federal Constitution came into effect in 2002 ; it included elements of consociationalism, including a presidency that rotates every four years among the islands and extensive autonomy for each island.

State constitutions may grant certain rights above and beyond what are granted under the United States Constitution and may impose their own obligations including the sovereign right of taxation and military service ; each state maintains at least one military force subject to national militia transfer service, the state's national guard, and some states maintain a second military force not subject to nationalization.

The composition of the Constitution of Canada is defined in subsection 52 ( 2 ) of the Constitution Act, 1982 as consisting of the Canada Act 1982 ( including the Constitution Act, 1982 ), all acts and orders referred to in the schedule ( including the Constitution Act, 1867, formerly The British North America Act, 1867 ), and any amendments to these documents.

; Unwritten principles: Principles that are incorporated into the Canadian constitution by reference from the preamble of the Constitution Act, 1867, including a statement that the constitution should be " similar in Principle to that of the United Kingdom ", much of which is unwritten.

Saint Dominic established a religious community in Toulouse in 1214, to be governed by the rule of St. Augustine and statutes to govern the life of the friars, including the Primitive Constitution.

The federal government has certain express powers ( also called enumerated powers ) which are powers spelled out in the Constitution, including the right to levy taxes, declare war, and regulate interstate and foreign commerce.

Zone One is the Historic Center, ( Centro Histórico ), lying in the very heart of the city, the location of many important historic buildings including the Palacio Nacional de la Cultura ( National Palace of Culture ), the Metropolitan Cathedral, the National Congress, the Casa Presidencial ( Presidential House ), the National Library and Plaza de la Constitución ( Constitution Plaza, old Central Park ).

Presidential systems are a notable feature of constitutions in the Americas, including those of the Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela ; this is generally attributed to the strong influence of the United States in the region, and as the United States Constitution served as an inspiration and model for the Latin American wars of independence of the early 19th century.

The Kiribatian government has responded by including several special provisions in the Constitution, such as the designation of a Banaban seat in the legislature and the return of land previously acquired by the government for phosphate mining.

It influenced the early settlers in New England and inspired later constitutional documents, including the United States Constitution.

According to the 1999 Constitution of Niger, the President may call a referendum on any matter ( except for a revision of those elements of the Constitution outlined in Article 136 — including the presidential term limits ).

The U. S. Supreme Court has final authority on questions about the meaning of federal law, including the U. S. Constitution.

Save Jefferson, all participated in the framing or ratification of the Federal Constitution.

They recognized that slavery was a moral issue and not merely an economic interest, and that to recognize it explicitly in their Constitution would be in explosive contradiction to the concept of sovereignty they had set forth in the Declaration of 1776 that `` all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among them are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

Within an easy walk from Capitol Hill where Pennsylvania Avenue comes together with Constitution Avenue, begins a series of great federal buildings, some a block long and all about seven-stories high.

The Georgia Constitution gives the Legislature the power to exempt colleges from property taxation if, among other criteria, `` all endowments to institutions established for white people shall be limited to white people, and all endowments to institutions established for colored people shall be limited to colored people ''.

His efforts toward the abolition of slavery include issuing his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, encouraging the border states to outlaw slavery, and helping push through Congress the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which finally freed all the black slaves nationwide in December 1865.

Nevertheless, in 1861, Lincoln justified the war in terms of legalisms ( the Constitution was a contract, and for one party to get out of a contract all the other parties had to agree ), and then in terms of the national duty to guarantee a republican form of government in every state.

" Johnson said it was an invasion by federal authority of the rights of the states, it had no warrant in the Constitution and was contrary to all precedents.

The fourth article of the Constitution of Afghanistan states that citizens of Afghanistan include Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazara, Uzbek, Turkmen, Aymaq, Arab, Baluch, Pashayi, Nuristani, Qezelbash, Gujjars and Brahui, who are native inhabitants of the country, and that all citizens of Afghanistan be called Afghans.

In the United States, however, personally retained counsel have had a right to appear in all federal criminal cases since the adoption of the Constitution and in state cases at least since the end of the Civil War, although nearly all provided this right in their state constitutions or laws much earlier.

Article III of the Constitution specifies that Associate Justices, and all other United States federal judges " shall hold their Offices during good Behavior.

According to the Constitution, the President has ultimate authority over foreign policy, while Congress is tasked with reviewing and considering all diplomatic nominations and international treaties, as well as legislation relating to Brazilian foreign policy.

According to the Tarnovo Constitution, all men between 21 and 40 years of age were eligible for military service.

The Constitution established: the security of the community, religious freedoms, the role of Medina as a haram or sacred place ( barring all violence and weapons ), the security of women, stable tribal relations within Medina, a tax system for supporting the community in time of conflict, parameters for exogenous political alliances, a system for granting protection of individuals, a judicial system for resolving disputes, and also regulated the paying of Blood money ( the payment between families or tribes for the slaying of an individual in lieu of lex talionis ).

The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority ..." The first famous statement of " the judicial power " was Marbury v. Madison,.

For example, a reception statute enacted by legislation in the state of Washington requires that " he common law, so far as it is not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States, or of the state of Washington nor incompatible with the institutions and condition of society in this state, shall be the rule of decision in all the courts of this state.

Before 1938, the federal courts, like almost all other common law courts, decided the law on any issue where the relevant legislature ( either the U. S. Congress or state legislature, depending on the issue ), had not acted, by looking to courts in the same system, that is, other federal courts, even on issues of state law, and even where there was no express grant of authority from Congress or the Constitution.

During the drafting of the Indian Constitution, laws from Ireland, the United States, Britain, and France were all synthesized to get a refined set of Indian laws, as it currently stands.

After World War II, the French Constitution of 1946 inaugurated the first of a series of reforms that led eventually to complete independence for all French territories in western and equatorial Africa.

The right to one's own language is guaranteed by the Constitution for all national and ethnic minorities.

In May 2010, the Washington State Supreme Court provided an opinion after it was asked to certify a question referred by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington: “ Whether a public library, consistent with Article I, § 5 of the Washington Constitution, may filter Internet access for all patrons without disabling Web sites containing constitutionally-protected speech upon the request of an adult library patron .” The Washington State Supreme Court ruled that NCRL ’ s internet filtering policy did not violate Article I, Section 5 of the Washington State Constitution.

Given the central role under the Constitution of the Soviet Union, the party controlled all tiers of government and social institutions in the Soviet Union.

Unlike most constitutional monarchies, the Emperor is not even the nominal chief executive explicitly in the Constitution of Japan, but has duties " in matters of state ", which are closely regulated.

The constitution states that the Emperor " shall perform only such acts in matters of state as are provided for in the Constitution and he shall not have powers related to government " ( article 4 ) and that the " advice and approval of the Cabinet shall be required for all acts of the Emperor in matters of state " ( article 3 ).

Jury trials in criminal cases were a protected right in the original United States Constitution and the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Amendments of the US Constitution extend the rights to trial by jury to include the right to jury trial for both criminal and civil matters and a grand jury for serious cases.

The NSW Constitution Act of 1828 effectively terminated trial by jury for criminal matters.

This clause of the Constitution, among others, has been interpreted to imply that the President has broad power over all matters of foreign policy.

This is because the power to legislate on de facto matters relies on referrals by States to the Commonwealth in accordance with Section 51 ( xxxvii ) of the Australian Constitution, where it states the new federal law can only be applied back within a state There must be a state nexis, between the de facto relationship itself and the Australian state.

* The Factory Constitution Law ( 1971 ), which strengthened the rights of individual employees “ to be informed and to be heard on matters concerning their place of work .” The Works ’ Council was provided with greater authority while trade unions were given the right of entry into the factory “ provided they informed the employer of their intention to do so ”.

Article 90 of the Constitution establishes a facultative and non-binding referendum, which the President can initiate on matters of principle.

Her Majesty, as Queen of Australia, is watching events in Canberra with close interest and attention, but it would not be proper for her to intervene in person in matters which are so clearly placed within the jurisdiction of the Governor-General by the Constitution Act.

The Commonwealth power to legislate for marriage and ‘ matrimonial causes ’ is supported by sections 51 ( xxi ) and ( xxii ) of the Constitution, whereas the power to legislate for de facto financial matters largely relies on referrals by States to the Commonwealth in accordance with section 51 ( xxxvii ) of the Australian Constitution.

The states referred de facto matters under Section 51 ( xxxvii ) of the Australian Constitution.

The Constitution does not clearly define whether the president is more powerful than the premier, as it names the Executive Yuan ( headed by the premier ) as the " highest administrative authority " with oversight over domestic matters while giving the president powers as commander-in-chief of the military and authority over foreign affairs.

Costello took the opportunity to reconfirm his beliefs in Catholicism on 12 April 1951, in his speech on Dr. Browne's resignation: " I have no hesitation in saying that we, as a Government, representing a people, the overwhelming majority of whom are of the one faith, who have a special position in the Constitution, when we are given advice or warnings by the authoritative people in the Catholic Church, on matters strictly confined to faith and morals, so long as I am here — and I am sure I speak for my colleagues — will give to their directions, given within that scope — and I have no doubt that they do not desire in the slightest to go one fraction of an inch outside the sphere of faith and morals — our complete obedience and allegiance.

In 1787 Thomas Jefferson, who was then ambassador to France, wrote to James Madison proposing that the U. S. Constitution, then under consideration by the States, be amended to include " trial by jury in all matters of fact triable by the laws of the land opposed the law of admiralty and not by the laws of Nations not by the law of admiralty ".

Article III, Section 2 of the United States Constitution grants original jurisdiction to U. S. federal courts over admiralty and maritime matters, however that jurisdiction is not exclusive and most maritime cases can be heard in either state or federal courts under the " saving to suitors " clause.

While Lemass concentrated on economic matters, de Valera focused primarily on constitutional affairs, leading to the passage of the new Constitution of Ireland in 1937.

In the Constitution of 1982, the President was conceived of as a figurehead head of state with actual state power resting in the hands of the Premier of the People's Republic of China and the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, both of which were conceived of as being separate people ; the President will only hold the office of the President, and not intervene directly in matters of the State Council or the Party.

A series of reforms in regulations, statutes, and the state Constitution in the 1950s and 1960s removed the involvement of towns in these matters.

The proposal of introducing the European Citizens ' Initiative ( ECI ) was that 1, 000, 000 citizens, from minimal numbers of different member states, could invite the executive body of the European Union ( EU ), the European Commission, to consider any proposal " on matters where citizens consider that a legal act of the Union is required for the purpose of implementing the Constitution.

The Spanish arrival and colonization brought Roman Catholicism to the country, which became the main religion of Mexico, however, Mexico has " no official " religion, and the Constitution of 1917 and the anti-clerical laws imposed limitations on the church and sometimes codified state intrusion into church matters.

The legislative powers of the assembly cover all those subject matters that are not expressly reserved to the exclusive legislative power of the Italian State or to concurrent legislation per article 117 of the Italian Constitution.

The 1993 Constitution, however, did not identify the matters of the administrative-territorial divisions as the responsibility of the federal government or as the joint responsibility of the federal government and the federal subjects.