* Old French in continental western European countries and in the Crusader states.

An important part of the French aristocracy also involved itself in the crusades, and French knights founded and ruled the Crusader states.

Category: Crusader states

Although Saladin eliminated Christian control of the Holy Land around 1190, the Crusader states in Lebanon and Syria were better defended.

* De expugnatione terrae sanctae per Saladinum A European account of Saladin's conquests of the Crusader states.

The Near East in 1135, showing the four Crusader states and their Muslim neighbors in shades of green.

* Genoa, Venice and Pisa gain trading privileges from the Crusader states in return for their service during the conquest of the coastal cities.

* The Mamluk Bahri dynasty of Egypt captures several cities and towns from Crusader states in the Middle East, including the cities of Haifa, Arsuf, and Caesarea Maritima ; these events eventually precipitate the Eighth Crusade in 1267.

The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the other Crusader states, with Moslem states ( in shades of green ) in 1135 during the reign of Melisende.

The result of this breach of treaty was that Damascus would never trust the Crusader states again, and the loss of a sympathetic Muslim state was a blow from which later monarchs of Jerusalem could not recover.

Category: Women of the Crusader states

In the process he made alliances with the Pope and the resurgent west, invaded Italy, successfully handled the passage of the dangerous Second Crusade through his empire, and established a Byzantine protectorate over the Crusader states of Outremer.

And in the Levant, a new force had appeared – the Crusader states – who presented the Byzantine Empire with new challenges.

* Crusader states, states set up by the Europeans in the Balkans and the Middle East during The Crusades

In an effort to demonstrate the Byzantine ideal of the emperor's role as the leader of the Christian world, John marched into Muslim Syria at the head of the combined forces of Byzantium and the Crusader states ; yet despite the great vigour with which he pressed the campaign, John's hopes were disappointed by the treachery of his Crusader allies, who deliberately failed to fight against their common Muslim enemies at the crucial moment.

In the Crusader states of the Levant it was generally admitted that the Byzantine claims over Antioch were legally valid, though it was pragmatically viewed that only when the Byzantine emperor was in a position to enforce them militarily were they likely to be recognised in practice.

The Byzantine desire to be seen as holding a level of suzerainty over all of the Crusader states was taken seriously, as evidenced by the alarm shown in the Kingdom of Jerusalem when John informed King Fulk of his plan for an armed pilgrimage to the Holy City ( 1142 ).

This route was especially important as it also led to Cilicia and the Crusader states of Syria

Belief that a lost Nestorian kingdom existed in the east, or that the Crusader states ' salvation depended on an alliance with an Eastern monarch, was one reason for the numerous Christian ambassadors and missionaries sent to the Mongols.

The Crusader states had been reduced to three cities along the sea coast, Tyre, Tripoli, Antioch.

Category: Crusader states

Louis was disturbed by events in Syria, where the Mamluk sultan Baibars had been attacking the remnant of the Crusader states.

It is certain that the Venetians and others were active traders in Constantinople, making a living out of shipping goods between the Crusader Kingdoms of Outremer and the West, while also trading extensively with Byzantium and Egypt.

A series of religiously-motivated military expeditions originally intended to liberate the Levant from Muslims, several Crusader States were founded in the eastern Mediterranean.

Crusader settlement in the Levant resembled the types of colonization and settlement that were already being practised in Europe, a mixture of urban and rural civilization centred around fortresses.

When the rest of the Crusader army did not follow, the Templars, including their Grand Master, were surrounded and beheaded.

Other orders were established in the Iberian peninsula, under the influence of the orders in the Holy Land and the Crusader movement of the Reconquista:

Knowing that Crusader forces were massed upon the frontier to intercept him, he took the desert route across the Sinai Peninsula to Ailah at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba.

* Crusader was one of the GWR 3031 Class locomotives that were built for and run on the Great Western Railway between 1891 and 1915

On the southern face are the Hulda Gates — the triple gate ( which has three arches ) and the double gate ( which has two arches, and is partly obscured by a Crusader building ); these were the entrance and exit ( respectively ) to the Temple Mount from Ophel ( the oldest part of Jerusalem ), and the main access to the Mount for ordinary Jews.

The Crusader Princes were suspicious of each other and of John, and neither wanted the other to gain from participating in the campaign.

Alternatively these paintings may be of a Masonic motivation as in the 18th century it was believed that the Crusader Military orders, such as The Poor Knights of the Temple of Solomon ( Knights Templar ) and the Knights of St John ( Hospitallers ), were in some way inexplicably linked.

Like the earlier Crusader Rabbit, the Rocky and Bullwinkle adventures were multi-part serials.

Alexios accompanied Boniface back to the Crusader fleet, which had moved on to Corcyra, and the Venetians were in favour of the plan when they learned of it.

The Crusader armies were made up of many different nationalities bound only by faith in the same God.

Although a residual Byzantine state known as the Empire of Nicaea survived the Crusader onslaught and eventually recovered Constantinople ( 1261 ), many of the original Byzantine territories, including Paros, were lost permanently to the crusading powers.

NBC and Fairbanks were unimpressed with all but Crusader Rabbit ( though Dudley would make his appearance, finally, 10 years later ).

It became the headquarters of the dwindling Kingdom of Jerusalem, and the base of operations for any future military attempts by the Crusaders against the Egyptian Mamluks, who for their part were systematically conquering any last Crusader strongholds on the mainland.

The " Chinon Parchment suggests that the Templars did indeed spit on the cross ," says Sean Martin, and that these acts were intended to simulate the kind of humiliation and torture that a Crusader might be subjected to if captured by the Saracens, where they were taught how to commit apostasy " with the mind only and not with the heart ".

No further video releases of Crusader Rabbit were produced.

* There were two Dell Publishing comic books featuring Crusader Rabbit and Rags.