In Oxyd landscapes, being the most common level types in Enigma, players must activate matching Oxyd stones.

The NPL has also published several editions of Guide to The Enigma ( formerly Key to Puzzledom ); a mini-sample of the puzzles in The Enigma, available free to prospective members from the editor ; a member directory ; and book compilations of hard cryptograms and cryptic crosswords.

Nonetheless, flats today still make up most of the puzzles in The Enigma.

Michael Harner, in his 1997 article The Enigma of Aztec Sacrifice, estimates the number of persons sacrificed in central Mexico in the 15th century as high as 250, 000 per year.

The rotor machines of the first half of the 20th century ( for example, the Enigma machine ) were essentially immune to straightforward frequency analysis.

Barbara Freitag devotes a chapter to the etymology of the name in her book Sheela-Na-Gigs: Unravelling an Enigma, and comes up with some earlier references than 1840, including a ship called Sheela Na Gig in the Royal Navy and a dance called the Sheela na gig from the 18th century.

In the early 20th century, the invention of complex mechanical and electromechanical machines, such as the Enigma rotor machine, provided more sophisticated and efficient means of encryption ; and the subsequent introduction of electronics and computing has allowed elaborate schemes of still greater complexity, most of which are entirely unsuited to pen and paper.

Only when British wartime decryption of Enigma ciphers was made public in the 1970s, did a Polish contribution begin to become known ; even then, however, the early versions published in Britain ( and some versions even to the end of the 20th century ) claimed that Polish intelligence had only been able to steal a German Enigma machine.

; Exploration / Enigma: Something unexplained is going on, and the players are sent to find out what it is.

Used properly, the German military Enigma would have been virtually unbreakable ; in practice, shortcomings in operation allowed it to be broken.

An earlier military Enigma machine had been captured by Polish Intelligence in 1928 ; Polish intelligence broke the Enigma code in 1932 and gave their findings to Britain and France in 1939, just before the German invasion of Poland.

* Władysław Kozaczuk, Jerzy Straszak: Enigma: How the Poles Broke the Nazi Code, Hippocrene Books ; February 1, 2004, ISBN 978-0-7818-0941-2.

In fact, operational errors, chiefly in key choice, made the system less secure than it could have been ; in that way the Purple code shared the fate of the German Enigma machine.

Mannequins, flat irons, sewing machines, needles, pins, threads, swatches of fabric, and other items related to tailoring appear in almost every medium of his work .< ref name = HeydJewishID > Milly Heyd ; " Man Ray / Emmanuel Rudnitsky: Who is Behind the Enigma of Isidore Ducasse?

Julian Rushton suggests that any solution must satisfy five criteria, three of which stemming from the above quotations: a " dark saying " must be involved ; the theme " is not played "; the theme should be " well known ", as Elgar stated multiple times ; Dora Penny ( to whom Elgar also wrote the Dorabella Cipher ) should have been, " of all people ," the one to solve the Enigma ; and finally, the details mentioned in the notes accompanying the pianola rolls may be part of the solution.

Professor Ian Parrott, former vice-president of the Elgar Society, in his book on Elgar ( Master Musicians, 1971 ) wrote that the " dark saying ", and possibly the whole of the Enigma, had a biblical source, 1 Corinthians 13: 12, which reads according to the Authorised Version of the Bible: " For now we see through a glass, darkly ( enigmate in the Latin of the Vulgate ); but then face to face: now I know in part ; but then shall I know even as also I am known.

Geographer and historian David Harvey in a series of works from the 1970s onwards ( Social Justice and the City, 1973 ; The Limits to Capital, 1982 ; The Urbanization of Capital, 1985 ; Spaces of Hope, 2000 ; Spaces of Capital, 2001 ; Spaces of Neoliberalization, 2005 ; The Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism, 2010 ), elaborated Marx's thought on the systemic contradictions of capitalism, particularly in relation to the production of the urban environment ( and to the production of space more broadly ).

Enigma is an odd name for a town ; by definition it means a puzzle or mystery.

The Battle of Crete was unprecedented in three respects: it was not only the first battle where the German paratroops ( Fallschirmjäger ) were used on a massive scale, but also the first mainly airborne invasion in military history ; the first time the Allies made significant use of intelligence from the deciphered German Enigma code ; and the first time invading German troops encountered mass resistance from a civilian population.

* " Dancing With Mephisto ", a song by Enigma Album ; A Posteriori Year ; 2006 Track # 4 length 4: 25

There was even a Japanese developed variant of the Enigma in which the rotors sat horizontally ; it was apparently never put into service.

This unusual device is inspired by Enigma, but makes use of 40-point rotors, allowing letters, numbers and some punctuation ; each rotor contains 509 parts.

Denotation is often associated with symbolism, as the denotation of a particular media text often represents something further ; a hidden meaning ( or an Enigma Code ) is often encoded into a media text ( such as the images below ).

Enigma was invented by German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I.

* Zygalski sheets, also known as " perforated sheets " ( invented in 1938 by Henryk Zygalski ), were one of a number of devices created by the Polish Cipher Bureau to facilitate the breaking of German Enigma ciphers.

This, however, proved not to be random enough, and the Enigma was being broken with relative ease late in the war.

Extensive breaches of Nazi Enigma signals gave Menzies and his team enormous insight into Adolf Hitler's strategy, and this was kept a closely held secret, not only during the war, but until as late as 1974.

In late 1938, in response to growing complexities in German encryption procedures, Zygalski designed the " perforated sheets ," also known as " Zygalski sheets ," a manual device for finding Enigma settings.

An illustration is the strenuous protest made by German diplomats in Poland in the late 1920s when a cypher machine being shipped to the German Warsaw Embassya commercial version of the famous Enigma machinewas mistakenly not marked as protected baggage and was opened, under protest, by Polish Customs.

When Rejewski had been working on reconstructing the German military Enigma machine in late 1932, he had ultimately solved a crucial element, the wiring of the letters of the alphabet into the entry drum, with the inspired guess that they might be wired in simple alphabetical order.

The initial break into the Enigma ciphers had been made in late 1932 by mathematician Marian Rejewski, working for the Polish General Staff's Cipher Bureau.

* Enigma ( Toruing coach introduced in late 90's to replace Gaia and Delta range )

In late summer 1940 Dilly Knox, the veteran World War I codebreaker, Frank Birch, head of Bletchley Park's German Naval Department, and the two leading codebreakers, Alan Turing and Peter Twinn knew that getting hold of the German Navy Enigma documentation was their best chance of making progress in breaking the code.

* The Anguish of Departure ( begun in 1913 ), Portrait of Guillaume Apollinaire, The Nostalgia of the Poet, L ' Énigme de la fatalité, Gare Montparnasse ( The Melancholy of Departure ), Love Song, The Enigma of a Day, The Philosopher ’ s Conquest, The Child's Brain, The Philosopher and the Poet, Still Life: Turin in Spring, Piazza d ’ Italia ( Autumn Melancholy ), The Nostalgia of the Infinite and Melancholy and Mystery of a Street ( 1914 )

Bletchley Park is mainly remembered for breaking messages enciphered on the German Enigma cypher machine, but its greatest cryptographic achievement may have been the breaking of the German on-line teleprinter Lorenz cipher ( known at GC & CS as Tunny ).

An Enigma machine is any of a family of related electro-mechanical rotor cipher machines used for the encryption and decryption of secret messages.

On board is the latest Enigma cryptography machine which Allied cryptographers later use to break coded German messages.

* Enigma Force is suspected to be connected to the Microverse, and is also the source to the Uni-Power, which transforms an individual into Captain Universe.

The Japanese are said to have obtained an Enigma machine as early as 1937, although it is debated whether they were given it by their German ally or bought a commercial version which, except for plugboard and internal wirings, was essentially the German Army / Air Force machine.

In the film, a World War II German submarine is boarded in 1942 by disguised United States Navy submariners seeking to capture her Enigma cipher machine.

On board is the latest Enigma cryptography machine, which Allied cryptographers later use to break coded German messages.

One of his Enigma Variations was inspired by a bulldog named Dan falling into the River Wye at Hereford, and the dog is similarly honoured with a wooden statue beside the river.

His Gift readymade ( 1921 ) is a flatiron with metal tacks attached to the bottom, and Enigma of Isidore Ducasse is an unseen object ( a sewing machine ) wrapped in cloth and tied with cord.

" Man Ray / Emmanuel Radnitsky: Who is Behind the Enigma of Isidore Ducasse?

* Robert Harris has written four historical novels so far: Enigma, which is set during World War II As well as Pompeii, Imperium and Lustrum, which are set in Ancient Rome.

36, commonly referred to as the Enigma Variations, is a set of a theme and its fourteen variations written for orchestra by Edward Elgar in 1898 – 1899.

Of the musical themes suggested as the Enigma, one of the most frequently proposed is the Scottish song " Auld Lang Syne ", which has been favoured by Elgar's friend Richard Powell ( husband of Dorabella ), the musicologist Roger Fiske, and the writer Eric Sams.

Edwards wrote, " In connection with these much discussed Variations, Mr Elgar tells us that the heading Enigma is justified by the fact that it is possible to add another phrase, which is quite familiar, above the original theme that he has written.

The real theme of the Enigma Variations which is present everywhere throughout the work in different shapes, is rather short: it consists of only nine notes ( the first nine notes of Nimrod with added crotchet rests ) on the rhythm of Edward Elgar ’ s own name (" short-short-long-long ", and the reverse of it, " long-long-short-short " and an endnote ).

He composed his “ Elgar-theme ” as a countermelody to the beginning of the mysterious “ principal Theme ” which is “ not played ” in the Enigma Variations.