The European / Australian PAL ( Phase Alternation Line rate ) and the French-Former Soviet Union SECAM ( Séquentiel Couleur Avec Mémoire ) standard were developed later and attempt to cure certain defects of the NTSC system.

However, with the fall of communism, and following a period when multi-standard TV sets became a commodity, many Eastern European countries decided to switch to PAL.

Nevertheless, it is exceeded in rarity by the European PAL versions of the games Primal Rage and T-Mek.

Because of the differences in the European PAL and USA's NTSC systems two main versions of DOCSIS exist, DOCSIS and EuroDOCSIS.

The film has been released on video in its entirety in various European, Latin American, and Asian countries — in the UK it was released on PAL VHS tape in 1982 and again in 1991, and in Japan ( where under Japanese copyright law it is in the public domain ) it appeared on NTSC VHS, BETA and laserdisc with subtitles, while a NTSC laserdisc was bootlegged in Hong Kong from the UK PAL videotape.

Most European countries are fully covered by digital television and many have switched off PAL / SECAM services.

As a result, Italy was one of the last European countries to officially adopt the PAL system in 1977, after long technical experimentation.

The EBU ( European Broadcasting Union ) standard frame rate of 25 frame / s is used throughout Europe, Australia and wherever the mains frequency is 50 Hz, and the PAL or SECAM television standards are used.

The service would also be technically superior, broadcasting in the D-MAC ( Multiplexed Analogue Components type D ) system dictated by European Union regulations with potentially superior picture sharpness, digital stereo sound and the potential to show widescreen programming, rather than the existing PAL system.

The differences between the bandwidths exist because European cable TV conforms to PAL standards of 8 MHz bandwidth and North American cable TV conforms to ATSC standards which specify 6 MHz.

In the European PAL release, the game did not feature the additional demo disc.

The European versions of the game were manufactured by Atari under license and used single side PAL discs manufactured by Philips ( not metal backed ).

Recently the European publisher Midas Interactive has obtained the rights to some of Artdink's PlayStation 2 games and published versions localised in English and other languages in PAL countries.

Typically, for 25 frame / s formats ( European among other countries with 50 Hz mains supply ), the content is PAL speedup, while a technique known as " 3: 2 pulldown " is used for 30 frame / s formats ( North America among other countries with 60 Hz mains supply ) to match the film frame rate to the video frame rate without speeding up the play back.

Several European countries ( as well as one Middle East country ) have implemented NICAM with the PAL and SECAM TV systems

Various European countries broadcast a large number of channels via free-to-air terrestrial, generally as an analog PAL / SECAM transmission, digital DVB-T / T2 or a combination of the two.

The European PAL version is called Life Force Salamander.

In 1972 it was announced that all stations would move to colour on 1 March 1975, using the European PAL standard mandated in 1968.

DTV2 ( called C64D2TV sometimes ) is a revised version for the European and world markets ( PAL television type ) and appeared in late 2005.

In both cases, the teletext data was transmitted during the vertical blanking interval, the portion of time allocated for the electron beam to return from the bottom of the screen back up to the top between each frame of the image ( which corresponds to a transmission time of 25 lines in each field of PAL or SECAM ), and each line used conveyed a fixed number of bytes each cycle: 40 bytes for European systems, 32 in the United States.

Naturally, PAL speed-up does not occur on native 25 fps video, such as European TV-series or movies that are shot on video instead of film.

A European / PAL disc will be rejected by an NTSC PlayStation 2 game system, however this is only at boot time: if you have a mod that allows you to load a PAL disk, then the PS2 Linux boot loader supports both PAL and Linux ( read the documentation to determine the button presses ), so once you are past the " DVD not supported ", you can boot Linux and then later start X Window in NTSC mode.

The Atari 7800 version was a launch title and featured co-operative play, it was the built in game on the European Atari 7800 release.

The mandatory date for implementation of the EN European version of the standard is June 1, 2013.

The 1571 built into the European plastic-case C128 D computer is electronically identical to the stand-alone version, but 1571 version integrated into the later metal-case C128 D ( often called C128 DCR, for D Cost Reduced ) differs a lot from the stand-alone 1571.

The libretto, a version of Pierre Beaumarchais ' stage play Le Barbier de Séville, was newly written by Cesare Sterbini and not the same as that already used by Giovanni Paisiello in his own Barbiere, an opera which had enjoyed European popularity for more than a quarter of a century.

Human rights were defined as a result of European scholars attempting to form a " secularized version of Judeo-Christian ethics ".

This proposal had a degree of flexibility which the European Committee for Banking Standards ( ECBS ) believed would make it unworkable and they produced a " slimmed down " version of the standard which, amongst other things, permitted only upper case letters and required that the IBAN for each country have a fixed length.

" Person of unsound mind " was the term used in 1950 in the English version of the European Convention on Human Rights as one of the types of person who could be deprived of liberty by a judicial process.

In 1929, Steiner went to Hollywood to orchestrate the European film version of the Florenz Ziegfeld show Rio Rita for RKO.

* Might and Magic II: Gates to Another World ( 1988 ; Apple II, Amiga, DOS, Commodore 64, Mac, Sega Genesis, Super Nintendo Entertainment System ( Europe only ), SNES ( Japan-only, different from the European version ), MSX, PC-Engine CD )

This is a more official version of a common practice in other European countries wherin law enforcement sets priorities regarding offenses on which it is important enough to spend limited resources.

Creoles, meanwhile, developed in settlement colonies in which speakers of a European language, often indentured servants whose language would be far from the standard in the first place, interacted extensively with non-European slaves, absorbing certain words and features from the slaves ' non-European native languages, resulting in a heavily basilectalized version of the original language.

" Republicanism and its Legacy ," European Journal of Political Theory ( 2005 ) v 4 # 4 pp 453 – 65. online version.

A slightly re-worked version of a paper, originally presented to the Conference on " Reforming European pension systems.

* SAS ( Action Force ), a fictional military unit that features in the Action Force universe, a European version of the G. I.

The Western European Union ( WEU ; French: Union de l ' Europe occidentale, UEO ) was an international organisation tasked with implementing the Modified Treaty of Brussels ( 1954 ), an amended version of the original 1948 Treaty of Brussels.

* 1283 – The Libro de los juegos, an early European treatise on board games ( including chess, dice, and a version of backgammon ), is commissioned by King Alfonso X of Castile between 1251 and 1283.

The UK version ( 1070F ) is compliant to European legislation on emissions ( EURO III ).

While the European versions of Risk had included the variation Secret Mission Risk for some time, the U. S. version did not have this added until 1993.

* The Libro de los juegos, an early European treatise on board games ( including chess, dice, and a version of backgammon ), is commissioned by King Alfonso X of Castile between 1251 and 1283.

The first European version ( 1704 – 1717 ) was translated into French by Antoine Galland from an Arabic text of the Syrian recension and other sources.

* 1704 – Antoine Galland's French translation is the first European version of The Nights.

In March 2004, the European Commission in the European Union Microsoft antitrust case fined Microsoft € 497 million and ordered the company to provide a version of Windows without Windows Media Player, claiming Microsoft " broke European Union competition law by leveraging its near monopoly in the market for PC operating systems onto the markets for work group server operating systems and for media players ".