Articles 20 to 146 GG regulate the organization of Germany and legitimize and rule its bodies such as German Bundestag, Bundesrat of Germany or the government and the legislation based on the constitution.

Together with the Bundesrat, the Bundestag is the legislative branch of the German political system.

The Bundestag is directly elected by the German people, whilst the Bundesrat represents the regional states ( Länder ).

The celebrations are hosted habitually in the state capital of the German state presiding over the Bundesrat in the respective year:

Each component of the German Empire sent representatives to the Federal Council ( Bundesrat ) and, via single member districts, the Imperial Diet ( Reichstag ).

As a federal country, Germany is divided into a number of states ( Länder in German ), which used to have wide powers, but whose main remaining power today ( 2004 ) is their ability to veto federal laws through their Bundesrat representation.

The only mechanism for removing the president is impeachment by the Bundestag or Bundesrat for willfully violating German law.

The legislative branch is represented by the Bundestag, elected directly through a mixture of proportional representation and direct mandates, with the German Länder participating in legislation through the Bundesrat, reflecting Germany's federal structure.

As stipulated by the German constitution, the powers of the vacant office were executed by the current President of the Bundesrat, Jens Böhrnsen, until Christian Wulff was elected president on 30 June 2010.

In the German, Indian, and Pakistani systems, the upper houses ( the Bundesrat, the Rajya Sabha, and the Pakistani Senate respectively ) are even more closely linked with the federal system, being appointed or elected directly by the governments or legislatures of each German Bundesland, Indian State, or Pakistani Province.

In the German Bundesrat, the various Länder have between three and seven votes ; thus, while the less populated states have a lower weight, they still have a stronger voting power than would be the case in a system based purely on population, as the most populous Land currently has about 27 times the population of the least populous.

Functioning similarly, it is often said to be an upper house such as the US Senate or the Russian Federation Council or the House of Lords in the United Kingdom, although the German constitution does not declare the Bundestag and Bundesrat to form houses of a bicameral parliament ( the word " Parliament " does not even appear in the Constitution ).

Bundesrath ( from 1901 on: Bundesrat, according to a general spelling reform ) was already the name of similar bodies in the North German Confederation ( 1867 ) and the German Empire ( 1871 ).

The chairperson or speaker is the President of the Bundesrat (" Bundesratspräsident "), who is 4th in the German order of precedence after the Federal President, the President of the Bundestag, the Chancellor and before the President of the Federal Constitutional Court.

The German Bundesrat was first founded, together with the German Empire, in 1871, replacing a body of the same name and with the same functions in the North German Confederation.

Representatives of the city participated as non-voting members in the West German Parliament ; appropriate West German agencies, such as the supreme administrative court, had their permanent seats in the city ; and the governing mayor of West Berlin took his turn as President of the Bundesrat.

He was also the head of the " Vermittlungsausschuss " ( negotiations-committee ) which resolves conflicts concerning legislation between " Bundesrat " and " Bundestag ", the two houses of the German parliament at the federal level.

However, the Imperial Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, managed to get the Federal Council ( Bundesrat ) of the German Empire to exclude the duke from the succession.

Along with several of their ministers, they commonly represent their state in the Bundesrat ( the German Federal Council ) or abroad.

The name translates literally from the German as " Alder King " rather than its common English translation, " Elf King " ( which would be rendered as Elfenkönig in German ).

The traditional usage is Tiu ĉi plaĉas al mi ( literally, " this one is pleasing to me "), which reflects the phrasing of most European languages ( French celui-ci me plaît, Spanish éste me gusta, Russian это мне нравится mnye nravitsya, German Das gefällt mir, Italian mi piace ).

Many of the German films of the immediate post-war period can be characterised as belonging to the genre of the Trümmerfilm ( literally " rubble film ").

The importance of bread in German cuisine is also illustrated by words such as Abendbrot ( meaning supper, literally evening bread ) and Brotzeit ( snack, literally bread time ).

The German Empire () is the common name given to the state officially named the ( literally: " German Realm "), designating Germany from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.

On August 10, 1410, civil unrest forced a compromise ( German: Rezeß, literally meaning: withdrawal ).

Stirner's main work is The Ego and Its Own, also known as The Ego and His Own ( Der Einzige und sein Eigentum in German, which translates literally as The Only One and his Property ).

* Jew, derived from Hebrew " Yehudi " יהודי ( literally, " Judean "); the derivation is more clear in German " Jude " and in Slavic " Zhid "

Katzenjammer translates literally as the wailing of cats but is used to mean contrition after a failed endeavor or hangover in German ( and, in the latter sense, in English too ).

Midgard ( an anglicised form of Old Norse ; Old English, Old High German, Gothic Midjun-gards ; literally " middle enclosure ") is the name for the world ( in the sense of oikoumene ) inhabited by and known to humans in early Germanic cosmology, and specifically one of the Nine Worlds and in Norse mythology.

In early Germanic cosmology, the term stands alongside world ( Old English weorold, Old Saxon werold, Old High German weralt, Old Frisian warld and Old Norse verǫld ), from a Common Germanic compound * wira-alđiz literally the " age of men ".

In German folklore and old fairy tales, toads are often depicted sitting on toadstool mushrooms and catching, with their tongues, the flies that are said to be drawn to the Fliegenpilz, a German name for the toadstool, meaning " flies ' mushroom ") This is how the mushroom got another of its names, Krötenstuhl ( a less-used German name for the mushroom ), literally translating to " toad-stool ".

The concept of a " picture element " dates to the earliest days of television, for example as " Bildpunkt " ( the German word for pixel, literally ' picture point ') in the 1888 German patent of Paul Nipkow.

The word poltergeist comes from the German words poltern (" to make noise ") and Geist (" ghost "), and the term itself literally means " noisy ghost ".

The words for pencil in German ( Bleistift ), Irish ( Peann Luaidhe ), Arabic ( قلم رصاص qalam ruṣāṣ ), and other languages literally mean lead pen.

Potsdamer Platz (, literally Potsdam Square ) is an important public square and traffic intersection in the centre of Berlin, Germany, lying about one kilometre south of the Brandenburg Gate and the Reichstag ( German Parliament Building ), and close to the southeast corner of the Tiergarten park.

Other ideas are behind the German expressions formelles Recht ( or Prozeßrecht ) and materielles Recht as well as the French droit formel / droit matériel, the Italian diritto formale / diritto material and the Swedish formell rätt / materiell rätt ; all of which, taken literally, means " formal " and " material " law.

In the case of the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ), the official name was Deutsches Reich, is literally translated as " German Realm ", because formally the official position of its head of state, in the Constitution of the German Empire, was a " presidency " of a confederation of German states led by the King of Prussia.

The standardized form of Austrian German for official texts and schools is defined by the Austrian Dictionary (), published under the authority of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture.

The constitutional law in Germany is ruled in the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany ( German Grundgesetz, ) from 23. 05. 1949.

* 1977 – German Federal prosecutor Siegfried Buback and his driver are shot by two Red Army Faction members while waiting at a red light.

In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in West Germany and eventually included all of the American, British, and French zones, excluding those three countries ' zones in Berlin, while the Marxist-Leninist German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in East Germany.

On 3 October 1990, the two parts of Germany were reunified as the Federal Republic of Germany, and Berlin again became the official German capital.

The Reichstag building was also occasionally used as a venue for sittings of the Bundestag and its committees and the Bundesversammlung, the body which elects the German Federal President.

Meyer became director when Gropius resigned in February 1928, and brought the Bauhaus its two most significant building commissions, both of which still exist: five apartment buildings in the city of Dessau, and the headquarters of the Federal School of the German Trade Unions ( ADGB ) in Bernau.

There were major commissions: one from the city of Dessau for five tightly designed " Laubenganghäuser " ( apartment buildings with balcony access ), which are still in use today, and another for the headquarters of the Federal School of the German Trade Unions ( ADGB ) in Bernau bei Berlin.

* Bundesministerium des Innern, the German Federal Ministry of the Interior

1900 ( German Federal Archives )

The German Confederation or German Union ( Deutscher Bund ) was a loose confederation of thirty-five monarchical states and four republican ( but hardly democratic ) free cities, with a Federal Assembly in Frankfurt.

** The Federal Diet ( In German: Deutscher Bundestag ), federal parliament of Germany

Until this German Federal legislation was introduced, there were no recognised mechanism to prevent administrators in private bodies and civil servants in public-funded bodies ( such as universities ) from automatically discriminating between the qualifications of people with German doctorates compared to holders of doctorates from an EU member state.

In addition, the Occupation Statute of 1949, which granted partial independence to the newly created Federal Republic of Germany, specifically forbade the imposition of import quotas to protect German film production from foreign competition, the result of lobbying by the American industry as represented by the MPAA.

As a consequence of this, numerous German production and distribution companies went out of business in the 1950s and 1960s and cinemas across the Federal Republic closed their doors ; the number of screens in West Germany almost halved between the beginning and the end of the decade.

Despite the foundation of the Kuratorium Junger Deutscher Film ( Young German Film Committee ) in 1965, set up under the auspices of the Federal Ministry of the Interior to support new German films financially, the directors of this New German Cinema, who rejected co-operation with the existing film industry, were consequently often dependent on money from television.

This situation changed after 1974 when the Film-Fernseh-Abkommen ( Film and Television Accord ) was agreed between the Federal Republic's main broadcasters, ARD and ZDF, and the German Federal Film Board ( a government body created in 1968 to support film-making in Germany ).

* The Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic ( West and East Germany ) were both recognised on January 7, 1972 by Finland.

* Federal cartel office, German competition authority ( Bundeskartellamt )

The German word Land is the exact cognate of English land but it carries many political, constitutional, and historical meanings absent from the English term ( among other things a constituent state of the German Federal Republic, historically a principality of the Holy Roman Empire, but also " rural " as opposed to " urban ", etc .— the Swedish lantis equating to " country bumpkin " or " hick "— most of these meanings are borne by the Anglo-Norman word country in English ).