Hitler called for irredentist German claims to be reclaimed along with the creation of German lebensraum (" living space ") in Eastern Europe, including territories held by the Soviet Union, that would be colonized by Germans.

Guilds, Innovation, and the European Economy, 1400 – 1800 ( 2008 ) 360pp essays by scholars covering German and Italian territories, the Netherlands, France, and England ; plus guilds in cloth spinning, painting, glass blowing, goldsmithing, pewterware, book-selling, and clock making.

The German Empire consisted of 27 constituent territories ( most of them ruled by royal families ).

Its mission is protection of German and Allied territories as well as peace-keeping and peace enforcement operations.

Ostdeutschland ( an ambiguous term meaning simultaneously East or Eastern Germany ) was not commonly used in East or West German common parlance to refer to the German Democratic Republic, because Ostdeutschland usually referred to the former eastern territories of Germany.

Former German territories east of the Oder and Neisse rivers, mainly the Prussian provinces of Pomerania, East Prussia, West Prussia, Upper Silesia, Lower Silesia, the eastern Neumark of Brandenburg, and a small piece of Saxony were thus detached from Germany.

At the court of Hungary there were two parties arrayed against each other: the Magyar party under the leadership of Zápolyas and the German party under the leadership of George of Brandenburg, whose authority was increased by the acquisition of the duchies of Ratibor and Oppeln by hereditary treaties with their respective dukes and of the territories of Oderberg, Beuthen, and Tarnowitz as pledges from the king of Bohemia, who could not redeem his debts.

He died 12 September 1500, and was succeeded in his German territories by George as the head of the Albertine line, while George's brother Heinrich became hereditary governor of Friesland.

Under occupation by the Allies, German territories were split off, denazification took place, and the Cold War resulted in the division of the country into democratic West Germany and communist East Germany.

In 9 AD, a Cherusci chieftain named Arminius defeated a Roman army in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, a victory credited with stopping the Roman advance into Germanic territories and forming the birth of German history.

The German colonisation and the chartering of new towns and villages began into largely Slav-inhabited territories east of the Elbe, such as Bohemia, Silesia, Pomerania, and Livonia.

It was dubbed the " Little German " solution, since it excluded the Austrian territories and the Habsburgs.

He made significant concessions to the German nobles, such as those put forth in an imperial statute of 1232, which made princes virtually independent rulers within their territories.

The Kingdom of Italy at the 1919 Paris " Conference of Peace " received nothing from German colonies, but as a compensation Great Britain gave it the Oltre Giuba and France agreed to give some Saharan territories to the Italian Libya.

During the early morning of 22 June 1941, Adolf Hitler broke the pact by implementing Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of Soviet held territories and the Soviet Union that began the war on the Eastern Front.

Given the realities of the Cold War, German reunification and recovery of lost territories in the east were not realistic goals as both of Stalin's notes specified the retention of the existing " Potsdam "- decreed boundaries of Germany.

West Low German, also known as Low Saxon (, ), is a group of dialects spoken in the northwest of Germany and adjacent territories of The Netherlands and Denmark.

The territories along the eastern Baltic first came under foreign domination at the beginning of the 13th century, with the formal establishment of Riga in 1201 under the German Teutonic Knights.

He argued that any German ultimatum should be refused, and that this might well lead to an uprising in Germany, or at least inspire German soldiers to disobey their officers since any German offensive would be a naked grab for territories.

If the former German and Ottoman territories had been ceded to the victorious powers directly, their economic value would have been credited to offset the Allies ' claims for war reparations.

Since the magnitude of the plan made secrecy impossible, once the wheels had began to turn, persons controlling German industries, social institutions, and armed forces became, through their anti-Semitism or their tolerance of it, conscious accomplices of Hitler's crimes ; ;

To the German pilot in the bomber the rocket became a faint black speck, hurtling through the sky at the then incredible speed of 420 m.p.h..

He also used as an example the manufacturer who introduced an all-automatic camera in Germany, with the result that it became the best selling camera in the German market.

He learned the Polish language at home and the Russian language in schools ; and having a French governess and a German governess, he became fluent in these four languages as a child.

When Austria became a member of the European Union, the Austrian variety of the German language — limited to 23 agricultural terms — was " protected " in Protocol No 10, regarding the use of specific Austrian terms of the German language in the framework of the European Union, which forms part of the Austrian EU accession treaty.

Following the treaty of Verdun of 843, Alemannia became a province of the eastern kingdom of Louis the German, the precursor of the Holy Roman Empire.

Taking the title " Margrave of Brandenburg ", he pressed the " crusade " against the Wends, extended the area of his mark, encouraged German migration, established bishoprics under his protection, and so became the founder of the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1157, which his heirs — the House of Ascania — held until the line died out in 1320.

* John James Maximilian Oertel ( 1811 – 1882 ), born in Ansbach, was a Lutheran clergyman who later converted to Roman Catholicism, became a professor of German at Fordham University in the United States, and later edited and founded several newspapers in the United States, including one that would become the leading German-language newspaper in the county, Baltimore's Kirchenzeitung.

Administered within the Prussian Rhine Province, the town became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the Prussian-led unification of Germany.

After World War II, the city became divided into East Berlin — the capital of East Germany — and West Berlin, a West German exclave surrounded by the Berlin Wall ( 1961 – 1989 ).

Berlin became the capital of the German Empire in 1871 and expanded rapidly in the following years.

In 1871, Berlin became capital of the newly founded German Empire.

On 3 October 1990, the two parts of Germany were reunified as the Federal Republic of Germany, and Berlin again became the official German capital.

The southern areas became part of German offices for the United Nations in 2008.

Meyer became director when Gropius resigned in February 1928, and brought the Bauhaus its two most significant building commissions, both of which still exist: five apartment buildings in the city of Dessau, and the headquarters of the Federal School of the German Trade Unions ( ADGB ) in Bernau.

The French government relocated from Paris to Bordeaux very briefly during World War II, when it became apparent that Paris would soon fall into German hands ( as in 1870 during war against Prussia and at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian war ).

The infiltration tactics developed by the German Army during the First World War became the basis for later tactics.

Allied air superiority became a significant hindrance to German operations during the later years of the war.

After Germany's failure to destroy the Soviets before the winter of 1941, the strategic failure above the German tactical superiority became apparent.

His German wife Claire managed to get him released, and they finally became exiles in Shanghai, where Bliss had a cousin.

During the Battle of the Bulge, however, the fuses became known as the American artillery's " Christmas present " for the German army because of their effectiveness against German personnel in the open, when they frequently dispersed attacks.

It became the basis of the German Armistice ( really a surrender ) and the 1919 Paris Peace Conference.

All the presents being placed round the trees …" After her marriage to her German cousin Prince Albert, by 1841 the custom became even more widespread throughout Britain.