Legalism remained influential until the emperors of the Han Dynasty adopted Daoism and later Confucianism as official doctrine.

Confucianism was particularly strong during the Han Dynasty, whose greatest thinker was Dong Zhongshu, who integrated Confucianism with the thoughts of the Zhongshu School and the theory of the Five Elements.

The system of Chinese astrology was elaborated during the Zhou dynasty ( 1046 – 256 BC ) and flourished during the Han Dynasty ( 2nd century BC to 2nd century AD ), during which all the familiar elements of traditional Chinese culture – the Yin-Yang philosophy, theory of the 5 elements, Heaven and Earth, Confucian morality – were brought together to formalise the philosophical principles of Chinese medicine and divination, astrology and alchemy.

When the site was excavated by Soviet archaeologists during 1941-45, they realized that they had discovered a building absolutely unique for the area: a large ( 1500 square meters ) Chinese-style, likely Han Dynasty era ( 206 BCE – 220 CE ) palace.

A Han Dynasty ( 202 BC – 220 AD ) Chinese miniature model of two residential towers joined by a bridge

A Han Dynasty oil lamp with a sliding shutter, in the shape of a kneeling female servant, 2nd century BC

The Han Dynasty ( 202 BC – AD 220 ) emerged in 206 BC, with its founder Liu Bang proclaimed emperor in 202 BC.

Under the Han Dynasty, China made great advances in many areas of the arts and sciences.

Han Dynasty general Ban Chao expanded his conquests across the Pamirs to the shores of the Caspian Sea.

In AD 9, the usurper Wang Mang claimed that the Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the Han dynasty and the rise of his own, and he founded the short-lived Xin (" New ") Dynasty.

Emperor Guangwu reinstated the Han Dynasty with the support of landholding and merchant families at Luoyang, east of Xi ' an.

This new era would be termed the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Taking advantage of civil war in the Jin Dynasty, the contemporary non-Han Chinese ( Wu Hu ) ethnic groups controlled much of the country in the early 4th century and provoked large-scale Han Chinese migrations to south of the Yangtze River.

The History of the Former Han Dynasty by Pan Ku.

* Hill, John E. Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE.

China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BCE – CE 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty.

Confucianism originated as an " ethical-sociopolitical teaching " during the Spring and Autumn Period, but later developed metaphysical and cosmological elements in the Han Dynasty.

Confucian ethics is characterized by the promotion of virtues, encompassed by the Five Constants, or the Wuchang ( 五常 ), extrapolated by Confucian scholars during the Han Dynasty.

During the Warring States Period and the early Han Dynasty, China grew greatly and the need arose for a solid and centralized cadre of government officers able to read and write administrative papers.

During the Han Dynasty, Confucianism developed from an ethical system into a political ideology used to legitimize the rule of the political elites.

Mohism though popular at first due to its emphasis on brotherly love versus harsh Qin Legalism, fell out of favour during the Han Dynasty due to the efforts of Confucians in establishing their views as political orthodoxy.

Legalism remained influential until the emperors of the Han Dynasty adopted Daoism and later Confucianism as official doctrine.

Confucianism was particularly strong during the Han Dynasty, whose greatest thinker was Dong Zhongshu, who integrated Confucianism with the thoughts of the Zhongshu School and the theory of the Five Elements.

During the Qing Dynasty many philosophers objected against Neo-Confucianism and there was a return to the Han Dynasty Confucianism, and also the reprise of the controversy between Old Text and New Text.

The Chinese world view during the Han dynasty, when the Lo Shu seems to have been at the height of its popularity, was based in large part on the teachings of the Yin-Yang and Five-Elements School, which was traditionally founded by Tsou Yen.

During the Han dynasty, another Yin-Yang conception was applied to the Lo Shu, considering the latter as a plan of Ancient China.

More recently, for example, it was claimed by A. A. Kovalyov as the residence of Lu Fang ( 盧芳 ), a Han throne pretender from the Guangwu era.

This period was characterized by a gradual decentralization of the state that had existed during the Qin and Han dynasties, and an increase in the power of great families.

The traditional Han clothing, or Hanfu, was also replaced by Manchu-style clothing Qipao ( bannermen dress and Tangzhuang ).

During the Han dynasty period, the important Confucian text Lessons for Women ( Nüjie ), was written by Ban Zhao ( 45-114 CE ): by a woman, for women.

No contemporary painting or sculpture of Confucius survives, and it was only during the Han Dynasty that he was portrayed visually.

The Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders and Miscellaneous Illnesses was collated by Zhang Zhongjing sometime between 196 and 220 CE, at the end of the Han dynasty.

Chiang Kai-shek considered both the Han Chinese and all the minority peoples of China, the Five Races Under One Union, as descendants of Huangdi, the Yellow Emperor and semi mythical founder of the Chinese nation, and belonging to the Chinese Nation Zhonghua Minzu and he introduced this into Kuomintang ideology, which was propagated into the educational system of the Republic of China.

The Qin calendar was used during the Qin dynasty, and in the beginning of the Western Han dynasty.

" Han independence " was therefore scrapped in favor of the Five Races Under One Union principle, which later developed into the theory of Zhonghua minzu.

*** The Classic of Music is sometimes referred to as the sixth classic ; it was lost by the time of the Han Dynasty.

Deng was born into an ethnically Hakka Han family in Paifang village ( 牌坊村 ), Xiexing township ( 协兴镇 ), Guang ' an County in Sichuan province, approximately 160 km from Chongqing ( formerly spelled Chungking ).

The earliest known usage of huanghou was in the Han Dynasty.

Lee learns from his Sifu ( teacher ) that Han was also once a Shaolin student, but had been expelled from their order for abusing their code of conduct.

Han demands Williams to tell him who else was outside ( since his ' spy ' Mei Ling had failed to report Lee's nocturnal actions to Han ).

' While I'm at it, if it pleases the court, I can also ' Hackworth said, most obsequiously, ' make changes in the content so that it will be more suitable for the unique cultural requirements of the Han readership.

In an article on Buddhist elements in Han art, Wu Hung suggests that in these tombs, Buddhist iconography was so well incorporated into native Chinese traditions that a unique system of symbolism had been developed.

stupidity, for they do not seem to realize that the Chin and Han artists were human and so are we, and we may have our unique qualities too … Such classical artists as Ching-teng, Hsueh-ko and Ta-ti-tzu dared to make bold strokes in their paintings, for which I admire them tremendously.

One of these forgers was his son Jacques van Meegeren who was in the unique position to write certificates stating that a particular piece of art that he was offering " was created by his father, Han van Meegeren ".

Taoyuan has its unique folk custom characteristics since it is located in the transition zone between Han nationality and ethnics.

The Hezhou Muslims were spared a massacre or a relocation to a remote region ; instead, in a unique gesture during that war, Zuo acted to reduce the inter-communal tension by relocating some of the local Han people away from the Muslims.

In an article on Buddhist elements in Han art, Wu Hung suggests that in these tombs, Buddhist iconography was so well incorporated into native Chinese traditions that a unique system of symbolism had been developed.