Electron degeneracy pressure is a quantum-mechanical effect arising from the Pauli exclusion principle.

* Pauli effect

The consequence of the Pauli principle here is that electrons of the same spin are kept apart by a repulsive exchange interaction, which is a short-range effect, acting simultaneously with the long-range electrostatic or coulombic force.

Astronomy provides a spectacular demonstration of the effect of the Pauli principle, in the form of white dwarf and neutron stars.

The Pauli effect is a term referring to the apparently mysterious ' anecdotal ' failure of technical equipment in the presence of certain people.

For fear of the Pauli effect, the experimental physicist Otto Stern banned Pauli from his laboratory in Hamburg despite their friendship.

The Pauli effect, if it were real, would be classified as a " macro-psychokinetic " phenomenon.

Wolfgang Pauli was convinced that the effect named after him was real.

In 1934, Pauli saw a failure of his car during a honeymoon tour with his second wife as proof of a real Pauli effect since it occurred without an obvious external cause.

In February 1950, when he was at Princeton University, the cyclotron burnt, and he asked himself if this mischief belonged to such a Pauli effect, named after him.

The Pauli effect at the foundation of the C. G.

* The Pauli effect at the foundation of the C. G.

* The Pauli effect, a sonnet by Peg Duthie published in Contemporary Rhyme

In most codes, the effect is either a bit flip, or a sign ( of the phase ) flip, or both ( corresponding to the Pauli matrices X, Z, and Y ).

The syndrome measurement " forces " the qubit to " decide " for a certain specific " Pauli error " to " have happened ", and the syndrome tells us which, so that we can let the same Pauli operator act again on the corrupted qubit to revert the effect of the error.

Baryons are strongly interacting fermions — that is, they experience the strong nuclear force and are described by Fermi − Dirac statistics, which apply to all particles obeying the Pauli exclusion principle.

They were partly correct: a white dwarf slightly more massive than the Chandrasekhar limit will collapse into a neutron star, which is itself stable because of the Pauli exclusion principle.

In particle physics, a fermion ( a name coined by Paul Dirac from the surname of Enrico Fermi ) is any particle characterized by Fermi – Dirac statistics and following the Pauli exclusion principle ; fermions include all quarks and leptons, as well as any composite particle made of an odd number of these, such as all baryons and many atoms and nuclei.

The property of ferromagnetism is due to the direct influence of two effects from quantum mechanics: spin and the Pauli exclusion principle.

The exchange interaction is related to the Pauli exclusion principle, which says that two electrons with the same spin cannot also have the same " position ".

This is known as the Pauli exclusion principle, and it is the fundamental reason behind the chemical properties of atoms and the stability of matter.

This is the Pauli exclusion principle for many particles.

This is known as the Pauli Exclusion Principle, and is responsible for much of chemistry, since the electrons in an atom ( fermions ) successively fill the many states within shells rather than all lying in the same lowest energy state.

This is due, to some extent, to electrons combining into pairs with opposite intrinsic magnetic moments as a result of the Pauli exclusion principle ( see electron configuration ), or combining into filled subshells with zero net orbital motion.

While paired electrons are required by the Pauli exclusion principle to have their intrinsic (' spin ') magnetic moments pointing in opposite directions, causing their magnetic fields to cancel out, an unpaired electron is free to align its magnetic moment in any direction.

The equilibrium between electromagnetic forces and Pauli repulsion of electrons ( they are fermions obeying Fermi statistics ) is slightly violated resulting in a small returning force.

The Pauli exclusion principle is the quantum mechanical principle that no two identical fermions ( particles with half-integer spin ) may occupy the same quantum state simultaneously.

He found an essential clue in a 1924 paper by Edmund C. Stoner which pointed out that for a given value of the principal quantum number ( n ), the number of energy levels of a single electron in the alkali metal spectra in an external magnetic field, where all degenerate energy levels are separated, is equal to the number of electrons in the closed shell of the noble gases for the same value of n. This led Pauli to realize that the complicated numbers of electrons in closed shells can be reduced to the simple rule of one per state, if the electron states are defined using four quantum numbers.

The Pauli exclusion principle with a single-valued many-particle wavefunction is equivalent to requiring the wavefunction to be antisymmetric.

This implies that, which is Pauli exclusion.

An example is the neutral helium atom, which has two bound electrons, both of which can occupy the lowest-energy ( 1s ) states by acquiring opposite spin ; as spin is part of the quantum state of the electron, the two electrons are in different quantum states and do not violate the Pauli principle.

However, stability of large systems with many electrons and many nuclei is a different matter, and requires the Pauli exclusion principle.

It has been shown that the Pauli exclusion principle is responsible for the fact that ordinary bulk matter is stable and occupies volume.

Nevertheless, one has to keep in mind that electrons are fermions ruled by the Pauli exclusion principle and cannot be distinguished from the other electrons in the atom.

The Pauli exclusion principle requires the electron to be lifted into the higher anti-bonding state of that bond.

The operators corresponding to the spin along the x, y, and z direction, denoted S < sub > x </ sub >, S < sub > y </ sub >, and S < sub > z </ sub > respectively, can be represented using the Pauli matrices:

Then, the electrons to be placed in the molecular orbitals are slotted in one by one, keeping in mind the Pauli exclusion principle and Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity ( only 2 electrons, having opposite spins, per orbital ; place as many unpaired electrons on one energy level as possible before starting to pair them ).

Although spin and the Pauli principle can only be derived from relativistic generalizations of quantum mechanics the properties mentioned in the last two paragraphs belong to the basic postulates already in the non-relativistic limit.

In contrast to Niels Bohr, who proposed a statistical version of the conservation laws to explain the phenomenon, Pauli hypothesized an undetected particle that he called a " neutron " in keeping with convention employed for naming both the proton and the electron, which in 1930 were known to be respective products for alpha and beta decay.

In the following years, with contributions from Wolfgang Pauli, Eugene Wigner, Pascual Jordan, Werner Heisenberg and an elegant formulation of quantum electrodynamics due to Enrico Fermi, physicists came to believe that, in principle, it would be possible to perform any computation for any physical process involving photons and charged particles.

The Pauli exclusion principle requires the electron to be lifted into the higher anti-bonding state of that bond.

In dimension 3, defining the gamma matrices to be the Pauli sigma matrices gives rise to the familiar two component spinors used in non relativistic quantum mechanics.

His most important theological work of this period was the Commentarii in Epistolam Pauli ad Romanos ( Wittenberg, 1532 ), noteworthy for introducing the idea that " to be justified " means " to be accounted just ," whereas the Apology had placed side by side the meanings of " to be made just " and " to be accounted just.

The Pauli theory may be seen as the low energy limit of the Dirac theory in the following manner.

Since the Pauli exclusion principle forbids electrons from occupying the same state, any additional electron would be forced to occupy a positive-energy eigenstate, and positive-energy electrons would be forbidden from decaying into negative-energy eigenstates.

The matrix D can be expressed as a linear combination of the Pauli matrices, where real coefficients give Hermitian matrices and imaginary coefficients give unitary matrices.

For dihydrogen, each nucleus is a proton of spin 1 / 2, so that it can be shown using quantum mechanics and the Pauli exclusion principle that the odd rotational levels are more populated than the even levels.

It extended the original Pilot Wave Theory to incorporate a consistent theory of measurement, and to address a criticism of Pauli that de Broglie did not properly respond to ; it is taken to be deterministic ( though Bohm hinted in the original papers that there should be disturbances to this, in the way Brownian motion disturbs Newtonian mechanics ).