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The Poetic and Prose Eddas, the oldest sources for information on the Norse concept of the afterlife, vary in their description of the several realms that are described as falling under this topic.
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Poetic and Prose
The primary sources regarding Asgard come from the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Icelandic Snorri Sturluson, and the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from a basis of much older Skaldic poetry.
The pair are attested in both the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.
The bridge is attested as Bilröst in the Poetic Edda ; compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and as Bifröst in the Prose Edda ; written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and in the poetry of skalds.
Both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda alternately refer to the bridge as Asbrú ( Old Norse " Æsir's bridge ").
Two poems in the Poetic Edda and two books in the Prose Edda provide information about the bridge:
Compiled in Iceland in the 13th century, but based on much older Old Norse poetry, the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda contain numerous references to the death of Baldr as both a great tragedy to the Æsir and a harbinger of Ragnarök.
The term Edda ( Old Norse Edda, plural Eddur ) applies to the Old Norse Poetic Edda and Prose Edda, both of which were written down in Iceland during the 13th century in Icelandic, although they contain material from earlier traditional sources, reaching into the Viking Age.
Along with the Prose Edda, the Poetic Edda is the most expansive source on Norse mythology.
Fenrir is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda and Heimskringla, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.
In both the Poetic Edda and Prose Edda, Fenrir is the father of the wolves Sköll and Hati Hróðvitnisson, is a son of Loki, and is foretold to kill the god Odin during the events of Ragnarök, but will in turn be killed by Odin's son Víðarr.
In the Icelandic books the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda, Freyr is presented as one of the Vanir, the son of the sea god Njörðr, brother of the goddess Freyja.
Freyja is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ; in the Prose Edda and Heimskringla, both written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century ; in several Sagas of Icelanders ; in the short story Sörla þáttr ; in the poetry of skalds ; and into the modern age in Scandinavian folklore, as well as the name for Friday in many Germanic languages.
They are attested in the Poetic Edda, a collection of epic poetry compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, in the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and in the poetry of skalds.
Huginn and Muninn are attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ; the Prose Edda and Heimskringla, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ; in the Third Grammatical Treatise, compiled in the 13th century by Óláfr Þórðarson ; and in the poetry of skalds.
Heimdallr is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional material ; in the Prose Edda and Heimskringla, both written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ; in the poetry of skalds ; and on an Old Norse runic inscription found in England.
Hel is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.
In the Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, and Heimskringla, Hel is referred to as a daughter of Loki, and to " go to Hel " is to die.
According to the Prose Edda and the Poetic Edda, the goddess Frigg made everything in existence swear never to harm Baldr, except for the mistletoe which she found too young to demand an oath from.
In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda, the goddess Skaði is responsible for placing a serpent above him while he is bound.
Loki is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ; the Prose Edda and Heimskringla, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ; the Norwegian Rune Poems, in the poetry of skalds, and in Scandinavian folklore.
In various poems from the Poetic Edda ( stanza 2 of Lokasenna, stanza 41 of Hyndluljóð, and stanza 26 of Fjölsvinnsmál ), and sections of the Prose Edda ( chapter 32 of Gylfaginning, stanza 8 of Haustlöng, and stanza 1 of Þórsdrápa ) Loki is alternately referred to as Loptr, which is generally considered derived from Old Norse lopt meaning " air ", and therefore points to an association with the air.
The most important sources are the Prose Edda and the Poetic Edda.
The Poetic Edda is valuable in representing older material in poetry from which Snorri tapped information in the Prose Edda.
Njörðr is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, in euhemerized form as a beloved mythological early king of Sweden in Heimskringla, also written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century, as one of three gods invoked in the 14th century Hauksbók ring oath, and in numerous Scandinavian place names.
Poetic and Eddas
In the late Icelandic Eddas, Tyr is portrayed, alternately, as the son of Odin ( Prose Edda ) or of Hymir ( Poetic Edda ), while the origins of his name and his possible relationship to Tuisto ( see Tacitus ' Germania ) suggest he was once considered the father of the gods and head of the pantheon, since his name is ultimately cognate to that of * Dyeus ( cf.
Literary influences include Lautreamont's Les Chants de Maldoror, the Bible, The Poetic Eddas, Hildegard von Bingen, John Dee, Heptarchia Mystica, The Thunder, Perfect Mind, William Blake, Louis Wain, writer Thomas Ligotti, occult British author Arthur Machen ( originator of the title " The Inmost Light "), M. R.
In the same year, he brought out the first complete editions of Snorri's Edda and Sæmundr's Edda ( more commonly known as the Poetic or Elder Edda ), in the original text, along with Swedish translations of both Eddas.
Poetic and oldest
The Vercelli Book is one of the oldest of the four Old English Poetic Codices.
Poetic and sources
The Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, features various poems that mention Hel.
The event is attested primarily in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.
Ratatoskr is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.
It is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and in the Prose Edda and Heimskringla, both written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.
All sources note that the ship is the finest of ships, and the Poetic Edda and Prose Edda attest that it is owned by the god Freyr, while the euhemerized account in Heimskringa lists attributes it to the magic of Odin.
Sleipnir is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.
Sigyn is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.
Valhalla is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla, also written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and in stanzas of an anonymous 10th century poem commemorating the death of a Eric Bloodaxe known as Eiríksmál as compiled in Fagrskinna.
Víðarr is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and is interpreted as depicted with Fenrir on the Gosforth Cross.
Yggdrasil is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.
Norse mythology, as recorded in the Poetic Edda ( compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ) and the Prose Edda ( written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century ) provide different mythical origins for the beings.
The Vanir are attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ; the Prose Edda and Heimskringla, both written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ; and in the poetry of skalds.
Poetic and for
Further evidence for elves in Norse mythology comes from Skaldic poetry, the Poetic Edda and legendary sagas.
The problem is that in Old Norse mær means both " daughter " and " wife ," so it is not fully clear if Fjörgynn is Frigg's father or another name for her husband Odin, but Snorri Sturluson interprets the line as meaning Frigg is Fjörgynn's daughter ( Skáldskaparmál 27 ), and most modern translators of the Poetic Edda follow Snorri.
He offers a ' for and against ' account of the phenomenon in Slam: A Poetic Diaialogue.
See for instance: Marc Furstenau and Leslie MacAvoy, “ Terrence Malick's Heideggerian Cinema: War and the Question of Being in The Thin Red Line ” In The cinema of Terrence Malick: Poetic visions of America, 2nd ed.
* The Poetic Function focuses on " the message for its own sake " and is the operative function in poetry as well as slogans.
In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda, Sif is the wife of the god Thor and is known for her golden hair.
In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda, Skaði is responsible for placing the serpent that drips venom onto the bound Loki.
* Christie's Hong Kong, November 2009 sale of Fine Modern Chinese Paintings, sold a work by Fu Baoshi titled " Landscape inspired by Dufu's Poetic Sentiments ", for HK $ 60, 020, 000 ( US $ 7, 780, 105 ) – a world record for the artist.
Reportedly the poet Alphonse de Lamartine also fell in love with her, and she was the inspiration for Elvire in his 1820 autobiographical Poetic Meditation " Le Lac " (" The Lake "), which describes in retrospect the fervent love shared by a couple from the point of view of the bereaved man.
The six tracks were: " Chaos ", " Poetic Terrorism ", and " Amour Fou " ( all from " Chaos: The Broadsheets of Ontological Anarchism "), " Immediatism ", and " The Tong " ( both from the book Immediatism ), and " Boycott Cop Culture " ( from " Communiques of the Association for Ontological Anarchy ").
* Poetic contraction, the omission of letters in a word for poetic reasons
* Jennifer Knapp wrote the foreword for RAW: A Poetic Journey, a collection of poetry from Gay Christians and allies around the world.
Clarke then moved on to work as a composer, orchestrator, conductor and performer of scores for such films as: Boyz n the Hood, the biopic of Tina Turner What's Love Got to Do with It, Passenger 57, Higher Learning, Poetic Justice, Panther, The Five Heartbeats, Book of Love, Little Big League, and Romeo Must Die.
" Cruel Poetic Reason ( the rapacious need for flight )".
The four members adopted Gravedigga alter egos for their work with the group: The RZA became Rzarector, Poetic became the Grym Reaper, Prince Paul became the Undertaker, and Frukwan became the Gatekeeper.
Nightmare in A-Minor, the third official album for Gravediggaz, was released independently in 2001 ; it featured two of the original members, Poetic and Frukwan.
Poetic modernism was an overtly revolutionary literary movement, a ' revolution of the word ', and, for a number of its practitioners, this interest in radical change spilled over into politics.
In fact, " Russian Formalism " describes two distinct movements: the OPOJAZ Obshchestvo Izucheniia Poeticheskogo Yazyka-Society for the Study of Poetic Language in St. Petersburg and the Linguistic Circle in Moscow.
It might have been convenient as a simplified battle cry but it fails, as an objective term, to delimit the activities of the " Society for the Study of Poetic Language.
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