* FRET Fluorescence resonance energy transfer is used to study protein interactions, detect specific nucleic acid sequences and used as biosensors, while fluorescence lifetime ( FLIM ) can give an additional layer of information.

* hydrogels that are responsive to specific molecules, such as glucose or antigens, can be used as biosensors, as well as in DDS.

The encapsulation of the biological component in biosensors, presents with a slightly different problem that ordinary sensors, this can either be done by means of a semipermeable barrier, such as a dialysis membrane or a hydrogel, a 3D polymer matrix, which either physically constrains the sensing macromolecule or chemically ( macromolecule is bound to the scaffold ).

The light system in these biosensors has been fluorescence, since this type of optical measurement can greatly amplify the signal.

Smart materials that mimic the biological components of a sensor can also be classified as biosensors using only the active or catalytic site or analogous configurations of a biomolecule.

As plants are able to translocate and accumulate particular types of contaminants, plants can be used as biosensors of subsurface contamination, thereby allowing investigators to quickly delineate contaminant plumes.

It can be used to construct optical biosensors that use enzymes that change pH.

* Molecular shuttle power: Smart dust biosensors may be smaller than a grain of sand but they have big potential-an Instant Insight from the Royal Society of Chemistry

They could be used to power implanted electronic devices ( e. g., pacemakers, implanted biosensors for diabetics, implanted active RFID devices, etc .).

Another application in research is to entrap biomolecules for sensory ( biosensors ) or catalytic purposes, by physically or chemically preventing them from leaching out and, in the case of protein or chemically-linked small molecules, by shielding them from the external environment yet allowing small molecules to be monitored.

* " Glucose Oxidase: A much used and much loved enzyme in biosensors " at University of Paisley

* Dextran has been used in immobilization in biosensors.

* Glucose oxidase, an enzyme which is commonly used in glucose biosensors.

Nanobiotechnology is often used to describe the overlapping multidisciplinary activities associated with biosensors, particularly where photonics, chemistry, biology, biophysics, nanomedicine, and engineering converge.

Nanomedicine ranges from the medical applications of nanomaterials, to nanoelectronic biosensors, and even possible future applications of molecular nanotechnology.

The principles, history and recent developments of operation of electrochemical glucose biosensors are discussed in a chemical review by Joseph Wang.

** Leading researcher in biosensors and chemical sensors

* Biotechnology: biosensors using fluorescence are being studied as possible Fluorescent glucose biosensors.

Moreover, the high resistance of TiN against biocorrosion qualifies the material for applications in biogenic environments and in biosensors.

One type of these biosensors are employed in myoelectric prosthesis.

It sends intention commands from the user to the actuators of the device, and interprets feedback from the mechanical and biosensors to the user.

Another potential application of lipid bilayers is the field of biosensors.

A large number of research groups are attempting to develop cantilever arrays as biosensors for medical diagnostic applications.

In biomedicine and biotechnology, sensors which detect analytes thanks to a biological component, such as cells, protein, nucleic acid or biomimetic polymers, are called biosensors.

Some ribozymes may play an important role as therapeutic agents, as enzymes which tailor defined RNA sequences, as biosensors, and for applications in functional genomics and gene discovery.

An alternative to measure BOD is the development of biosensors, which are devices for the detection of an analyte that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector component.

Consequently, biosensors are now commercially available, but they do have several limitations such as their high maintenance costs, limited run lengths due to the need for reactivation, and the inability to respond to changing quality characteristics as would normally occur in wastewater treatment streams ; e. g. diffusion processes of the biodegradable organic matter into the membrane and different responses by different microbial species which lead to problems with the reproducibility of result ( Praet et al., 1995 ).

The readers are usually custom-designed and manufactured to suit the different working principles of biosensors.

Many optical biosensors based on the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance ( SPR ) are techniques.

Other evanescent wave biosensors have been commercialised using waveguides where the propagation constant through the waveguide is changed by the absorption of molecules to the waveguide surface.

Other optical biosensors are mainly based on changes in absorbance or fluorescence of an appropriate indicator compound and do not need a total internal reflection geometry.

Biological biosensors often incorporate a genetically modified form of a native protein or enzyme.

Such biosensors are often made by screen printing the electrode patterns on a plastic substrate, coated with a conducting polymer and then some protein ( enzyme or antibody ) is attached.

All biosensors usually involve minimal sample preparation as the biological sensing component is highly selective for the analyte concerned.

Thermometric and magnetic based biosensors are rare.

There are many potential applications of biosensors of various types.

`` That is, if we can be sure this is Colcord's money '' --

It'll probably be at least an hour or two before I can check back with you.

Even as I said it I realized that an education can be invaluable.

Within their confines, moreover, technological and industrial growth has proceeded at an accelerated pace, thus increasing the cornucopia from which material wants can be satisfied.

And no messages can be transmitted on these circuits until senders and receivers authenticate in advance, by special codes, that the messages actually come from their purported sources.

Additional codes can be used to challenge and counterchallenge the authentications.

Nobody can be absolutely certain of the answers.

All can be connected with the gold circuit from their homes.

The box is internally wired so the door can never be opened without setting off a screeching klaxon ( `` It's real obnoxious '' ).

Unless all gadgets are properly operated -- and the wires and seals from the handles removed first -- no damage can be done.

I do not know if such a way of life can come to be a self-conscious challenge, but I suspect that it can.

As his disciples boast, even though his emphasis is elsewhere, Faulkner does show his awareness of the changing order of the South quite keenly, as can be proven by a quick recalling of his Sartoris and Snopes families.

An order can be chanced rather than chosen, and this approach produces an experience that is `` free and discovered rather than bound and remembered ''.

And any sequence can not only change its positions in the work but can even be eliminated from it altogether.

When it comes to this, I shall prefer emigrating to some country where they make no pretence of loving liberty -- to Russia, for instance, where despotism can be taken pure, without the base alloy of hypocrisy '' ( His emphasis )

Something of this can be learned from `` The Way To The Churchyard '' ( 1901 ), an anecdote about an old failure whose fit of anger at a passing cyclist causes him to die of a stroke or seizure.

Similarly experience itself can be conventionalized so that people react to certain preconceived clues for behavior without awareness of the vitality of their experiential field.

When words can be used in a more fresh and primitive way so that they strike with the force of sights and sounds, when tones of sound and colors of paint and the carven shape all strike the sensibilities with an undeniable force of data in and of themselves, compelling the observer into an attitude of attention, all this imitates the way experience itself in its deepest character strikes upon the door of consciousness and clamors for entrance.

it can be changed ; ;

You've already sent your daughter to Miss X's select academy for girls and your son to Mr. Y's select academy for boys, and you can be as liberal as you please with strict impunity.

In scope and power it can only be compared to Tolstoy's War And Peace.

However, for convenience we will stick to the idea that information can be classified according to Table 1.

Since the hazards of poor communication are so great, p can be justified as a habitable site only on the basis of unusual productivity such as is made available by a waterfall for milling purposes, a mine, or a sugar maple camp.