The following conversation is said to have taken place after Romanos was brought as a prisoner before the Sultan:

Ahmed I ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد اول Aḥmed-i evvel, ) or Ahmed Bakhti ( April 18, 1590 – November 22, 1617 ) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1603 until his death in 1617.

Ahmed I's mother was Valide Sultan Handan Sultan, an ethnic Greek who was originally named Helena.

He was married twice, to Valide Sultan Mahfiruze Hatice Sultan, originally named Maria, a Greek, mother of Osman II, and to Valide Sultan Kadinefendi Kösem Sultan or Mahpeyker, originally named Anastasia, a Greek, mother of Murad IV and Ibrahim I.

Ahmed II Khan Ghazi ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثانى Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > ānī ) < span dir =" ltr ">( February 25, 1643 – February 6, 1695 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1691 to 1695.

Ahmed II was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ibrahim I ( 1640 – 48 ) by Valide Sultan Khadija Muazzez, and succeeded his brother Suleiman II ( 1687 – 91 ) in 1691.

Ahmed III ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثالث Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >) < span dir =" ltr ">( December 30 / 31, 1673 – July 1, 1736 )</ span > was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV ( 1648 – 87 ).

His mother was Mâh-Pâre Ummatullah ( Emetullah ) Râbi ' a Gül-Nûş Valide Sultan, originally named Evmania Voria, who was an ethnic Greek.

Sultan Ahmed III had become unpopular by reason of the excessive pomp and costly luxury in which he and his principal officers indulged ; on September 20, 1730, a mutinous riot of seventeen janissaries, led by the Albanian Patrona Halil, was aided by the citizens as well as the military until it swelled into an insurrection in front of which the Sultan was forced to give up the throne.

several years I was Sultan ; I dethroned my brother ;

Sir Sultan Muhammed Shah, Aga Khan III GCSI GCMG GCIE GCVO PC ( November 2, 1877 – July 11, 1957 ) was the 48th Imam of the Shia Ismaili Muslims.

The distinction of a Knight Commander of the Indian Empire was conferred upon him by Queen Victoria in 1897 ( and later Knight Grand Commander in 1902 by Edward VII ) and he received like recognition for his public services from the German Emperor, the Sultan of Turkey, the Shah of Persia and other potentates.

Under the leadership of Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, the first half of the 20th century was a period of significant development for the Ismā ' īlī community.

The sailors later established posts at Goa in 1510, and conquered Malacca in 1511, driving the Sultan to the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula from where he kept making raids on the Portuguese.

* 1912 – Sultan Abdelhafid signs the Treaty of Fez, making Morocco a French protectorate.

During the final years of his reign Hyder Ali also planned to send an embassy to the Ottoman Sultan Mustafa III, but it was his son Tipu Sultan who succeeded in making direct contact with Istanbul.

Because of its importance to the Crusaders, the Mamluk Sultan Baibars destroyed the city and rebuilt it with stronger fortifications a few kilometres from the river in the early 1260s, making the mouth of the Nile at Damietta impassable for ships.

Frederick was imprisoned by the Sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra, but made good use of his two years in prison by studying the local Malay language and making astronomical observations.

In 1553, Sultan Suleiman declared war on Persia, when the Persian Shah Tahmasp wanted to take advantage of the Sultan's preoccupation with Hungary and started making armed incursions against Ottoman areas.

In late 1888, Sultan Kenadid entered into a treaty with the Italians, making his Sultanate of Hobyo an Italian protectorate.

It is reported by Madeline Zilfi that European visitors of the time commented " In making appointments, Sultan pays no regard to any pretensions on the score of wealth or rank.

Until the 16th century boza was drunk freely everywhere, but the custom of making the so-called Tartar boza laced with opium brought the wrath of the authorities down on the drink, and it was prohibited by Sultan Selim II ( 1566 – 1574 ).

Sultan Ismail's reign was at a time when Malaysia began to be active in making its presence felt in the international arena, having secured a more solid foundation and confidence as a Federation of Malay States, Sabah and Sarawak.

The introduction of the 1959 Constitution effectively brought to an end to the Resident ’ s rule in Brunei and reinstated the Sultan ’ s internal sovereignty, making His Highness the supreme executive head of Government in Brunei.

Gol Gumbaz or Gol Gumbad,,, from Persian Gol Gonbadh meaning " rose dome ", ( a reference to the flower / rose / lotus petals that surround the dome at its base, making it appear as a budding rose )-- is the mausoleum of Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur.

In late 1888, Sultan Kenadid entered into a treaty with the Italians, making his realm an Italian protectorate.

By the Treaty of Fez (), signed March 30, 1912, Sultan Abdelhafid gave up the sovereignty of Morocco to the French, making the country a protectorate, resolving the Agadir Crisis of July 1, 1911.

The young Sultan Selim III was anxious to restore his country's prestige by a victory before making peace, but the condition of his troops made this hope impossible.

During the later al Busaidi dynasty, ( mainly during the time of Said bin Sultan ), Oman was a substantial empire with a very powerful military force, making Oman one of the greatest forces in the Indian Ocean, second only to the United Kingdom.

He complies, instead making the Sultan a tributary king.

One of the brigade's battalions took part in the Sultan Yaakub engagement, making it all the way to the Beirut-Damascus highway.

In the Middle Ages, the making of fūl was monopolized by the people living around the Princess Baths, a public bath in a tiny compound near today's public fountain of Muhammad ‘ Ali Pasha, a block north of the two elegant minarets of the Mosque of Sultan Mu ’ ayyad Shaykh above the eleventh-century Bab Zuwaylah gate.

In 1908, Frankel sold the diamond for $ 400, 000 to a Salomon or Selim Habib, a wealthy Turkish diamond collector, reportedly in behalf of Sultan Abdul Hamid of Turkey ; however, on June 24, 1909, the stone was included in an auction of Habib's assets to settle his own debts, and the auction catalog explicitly stated that the Hope Diamond was one of only two gems in the collection which had never been owned by the Sultan.

The poet Unsuri's short collection of poetry was dedicated to Sultan Mahmud and his brothers Nasr and Yaqub.

The Sultan was reported to have given Sultanah Helen Ibrahim a spectacular jewel collection, reputedly giving her an emerald on her birthday and a diamond on their wedding anniversary, even after the divorce.

The collection consists of " The Epochs of Khawandagar ", " Ali ", " Shah Khoshin " and Sultan Sahak, the different manifestations of divinity.

Hang Tuah's illustrious career as an admiral or laksamana includes tales of his absolute and unfaltering loyalty to his Sultan, some of which are chronicled in Sejarah Melayu ( the semi-historical Malay Annals ) and Hikayat Hang Tuah ( a romantic collection of tales involving Hang Tuah ).

The collection of Western and Indian art by Tipu Sultan is seen by Kalter as motivated by the need to display his wealth and legitimise his authority over his subjects who were predominantly Hindu and did not share his religion, viz.

However, in keeping with its primary use as the Sultan ’ s personal residence, the palace is home to the Sultan ’ s massive car collection, which includes custom-made Ferraris and Bentleys as well as 165 Rolls Royces.

Prince Nikolai bought a large collection of jewellery, including a 36 carat ( 7. 2 g ) diamond known as the Morocco Sultan.

The Bible describes Jesus ' tomb as being outside the city wall, as was normal for burials across the ancient world, which were regarded as unclean, but the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is in the heart of Hadrian's city, well within the Old City walls, which were built by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in 1538 Some have claimed that the city had been much narrower in Jesus ' time, with the site then having been outside the walls ; since Herod Agrippa ( 41 – 44 ) is recorded by history as extending the city to the north ( beyond the present northern walls ), the required repositioning of the western wall is traditionally attributed to him as well.

Ayyubid Sultan Saladin had conquered most of the Frankish Kingdom of Jerusalem, including the ancient city itself, in 1187.

* Maldives — between 1965 and 1968, Muhammad Fareed Didi ruled Maldives as Jala ' ala ul-Malik (" King " and the style of " His Majesty "); previous rulers were styled: Sultan of Land and Sea and Lord of the twelve-thousand islands, holding both the Arabic title of Sultan and the more ancient Divehi title of Maha Radun or Ras Kilege

As the Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II the Conqueror rode into the city, he was greatly struck by the beauty of its ancient monuments and issued a firman ( imperial edict ) forbidding their looting or destruction, on pain of death.

The supporters of the Seljuk theory claim that the term Gagauz came from the name of Sultan Kaykaus II and therefore it is an ancient tribal name, confirming that the Gagauz were originally Turkic people and not linguistically Turkified Bulgarians.

They were strictly led by an ancient code of honour and were ready to sacrifice themselves for their Sultan at any time.

The Temenggong is a high-ranking Malay official in ancient times, who is responsible to the Sultan.

This sacred axis connected the hyangs or spirits of mountain revered since ancient times — often identified as " Mbah Petruk " by Javanese people — The Sultan of Yogyakarta as the leader of the Javanese kingdom, and Nyi Roro Kidul as the queen of the Southern Ocean, the female ocean deity revered by Javanese people and also mythical consort of Javanese kings.

In the early 1950s the large round tower of the ancient fort built around 400 years ago in the center of the town was bombed and rocketed by the British Royal Air Force who were called in to assist the then reigning Sultan, Said bin Taymour in suppressing a revolt by leaders of the interior Imamate of Oman.

Sri Kottai Mariamman Kovil-This is an ancient temple believed to be 200 years old and the idol is believed to have been installed by the King Tipu Sultan.

Together with the ancient and mediaeval ruins, the mazhar ( holy tomb ) of Shah Sultan Balkhi Mahisawar built at site of a Hindu temple is located at Mahasthangarh.

According to ancient history which has been accepted and advocated by the scions of Sultan Kudarat, a descendant of the renowned Shariff Kabungsuan of Maguindanao was that the name Dinas was taken from a Maguindanao term Di Nas where “ Di ” means “ Not ” and “ Nas ” means “ Bad Luck or Unlucky ”.

The ancient gold workings, other workings which may have been 200 to 600 years old and the workings of Tipu Sultan were all located by Captain Warren in 1802.

In 1338 Sultan Fakruddin Mubarak Shah take the authorization of this ancient land.

He uprooted an ancient ruby-studded pure gold idol of Vishnu and sent it to the Sultan as gift.

The temple had an ancient and large seven-storey Gopuram that was destroyed by Tipu Sultan in the late eighteenth century.