They are called " Western " in contrast to the " Northern " Indo-Scythian satraps who ruled in the area of Mathura, such as Rajuvula, and his successors under the Kushans, the " Great Satrap " Kharapallana and the " Satrap " Vanaspara.

Sagaris is the ancient Greek name for a shafted weapon used by the horse-riding ancient North-Iranian Saka and Scythian peoples of the great Eurasian steppe, also by the Western and Central Asian peoples: the Medes, Persians, Parthayans, Indo-Saka, Kushans, Tocharians.

Afghanistan ( Persian / Pashto:, Afġānistān ), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country forming part of South Asia, Central Asia, and to some extent Western Asia.

Mahmud Tarzi, a highly educated, well-traveled poet, journalist, and diplomat, was a key figure that brought Western dress and etiquette to Afghanistan.

A 1950s or 1960s record store in Afghanistan, showing the increasing Western influence at the time.

The Bonn agreement for the post Taliban governance of Afghanistan was debated and signed in the former seat of government of Western Germany.

He wrote that " all of the democratic circles of America and of Europe, especially those of the Italian centre-left, now know well that the disastrous attack was planned and realized by the American CIA and Mossad with the help of the Zionist world to place the blame on Arabic countries and to persuade the Western powers to intervene in Iraq and Afghanistan ".

* 2002 – U. S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins, ( ending on March 19 after killing 500 Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, with 11 Western troop fatalities ).

However it has had long-standing close relations with its other neighbors Afghanistan, Iran and China, extensive security and economic interests in the Persian Gulf and wide-ranging bilateral relations with the United States and other Western countries.

In the case of Afghanistan, the Soviets could achieve a dual purpose: by strengthening relations with the leadership in Kabul, they could also threaten Britain, which was one of the Western states supporting counterrevolution in the Soviet Union.

At the same time, the government tried to attract investments in building gas pipelines via Iran to Turkey and Western Europe via Afghanistan to Pakistan.

Dari (, Darī, pronounced ) or Fārsī-ye Darī (, ) refers to the dialects of modern Persian spoken in Afghanistan, and is hence also known as Afghan Persian in some Western sources.

Concerned about the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the Soviet superiority regarding missiles in Central Europe, Schmidt issued proposals resulting in the NATO Double-Track Decision concerning the deployment of medium-range nuclear missiles in Western Europe should the Soviets not disarm.

After the widespread Göktürk revolt of Shabolüe Khan ( d. 658 ) was put down at Issyk Kul in 657 by Su Dingfang ( 591 – 667 ), Emperor Gaozong established several protectorates governed by a Protectorate General or Grand Protectorate General, which extended the Chinese sphere of influence as far as Herat in Western Afghanistan.

* Herat, an ancient city in South Western Afghanistan

Though relative peace existed in the Western world, the United States and its allies have been involved in various regional wars, such as the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the Yugoslav wars, the Afghanistan War and the Iraq War.

Contrary to normal Western beliefs, Amin was informed of the Soviet decision to send troops into Afghanistan.

In October 2007, Karzai again rejected Western accusations against Iran, stating, " We have resisted the negative propaganda launched by foreign states against the Islamic Republic, and we stress that aliens ' propaganda should not leave a negative impact on the consolidated ties between the two great nations of Iran and Afghanistan.

During the Cold War, under Ronald Reagan's Reagan Doctrine, the term freedom fighter was used by the United States and other Western Bloc countries to describe rebels in countries controlled by communist states or otherwise under the influence of the Soviet Union, including rebels in Hungary, the anti-communist Contras in Nicaragua, UNITA in Angola and the multi-factional mujahideen in Afghanistan.

* " In violation of Security Council Resolution 1373, Iraq supports terrorist organizations that direct violence against Iran, Israel, and Western governments .... And al-Qaida terrorists escaped from Afghanistan are known to be in Iraq.

Bush launched attacks on Iraq, Sudan, and Afghanistan to distract the population from his domestic political problems and claims that despite victorious claims after the first Gulf War that Saddam Hussein had been " defanged ," he was again the target of Western attacks until his execution in 2006.

On the Western front, the Soviet Union was withdrawing its combatant forces in Afghanistan and the United States-Pakistan alliance had broken off with the United States suspicions on nuclear weapons, in 1990.

On the Western front, Bhutto also authorized further aggressive military operations in Afghanistan to topple the fragile communist regime and the Soviet influence in the region.

As many saw it was un-Islamic and was seen as a forced approach to Western culture in Afghan society as many tribal societies in Afghanistan tend to be conservative.

Zahir Shah is under pressure from the Western countries ( including the United States ) not to respond to Najibullah's call for National Reconciliation because if Zahir Shah returns to Afghanistan and joins the government, most of the traditionalist mujahideen would quit fighting against the government and would probably join the government.

* September 5-The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan denied Western diplomats access to a court where eight foreign aid workers were on trial for promoting Christianity, but Chief Justice Noor Mohammad Saqib said the defendants could hire foreign lawyers.

They were in fact quietly laughing at him, for their King wished to have nothing to do with the Western world.

In the Middle East, Iraq, Syria and Egypt were, a short while ago, in the Western camp.

Aristotle's writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality, aesthetics, logic, science, politics, and metaphysics.

The title " teacher " was first given to Aristotle by Muslim scholars, and was later used by Western philosophers ( as in the famous poem of Dante ) who were influenced by the tradition of Islamic philosophy.

In contrast, in the Arian German kingdoms established on the wreckage of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, there were entirely separate Arian and Nicene Churches with parallel hierarchies, each serving different sets of believers.

A variety of social, political and economic reforms were introduced by the Japanese government, in hope of modernising the country in the Western style, and included the annexation of Hokkaido.

His appeals to Western Europe for help against the Turks were also the catalyst that triggered the Crusades.

This honor was intended, in part, to commemorate the diplomatic and trading history which existed long before other Western nations were officially aware of Japan's existence.

The sixty-odd club members were the leading business tycoons of Western Pennsylvania and included among their number Frick's best friend, Andrew Mellon, his attorneys Philander Knox and James Hay Reed, as well as Frick's business partner, Carnegie.

It may be viewed as didactic, mocking, or merely descriptive ; in any event it preserves the attitudes and practices that were the foundation of a long and significant tradition in Western literature.

His writings were very influential in the development of Western Christianity.

Today, the Byzantine text-type is the subject of renewed interest as the original form of the text from which the Western and Alexandrian text-types were derived.

Sculpture and performance art are prominent, and abstract and partially abstracted forms are valued, and were valued long before influence from the Western tradition began in earnest.

Armoured cars were put into use by the British on the Western Front.

Remarque comments in the preface that " Quiet on the Western Front will try simply to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped shells, were destroyed by the war.

( The Western Schism had begun in 1378 and there were two competing popes at the time, one in Avignon supported by France and Spain, and one in Rome supported by most of Italy, Germany and England.

From 2011 to 2012 two new teams were added to the competition — the Gold Coast Suns in 2011 and the Greater Western Sydney Giants in 2012.

The office of Admiral of England ( or Lord Admiral and later Lord High Admiral ) was created around 1400, though there were before this Admirals of the Northern and Western Seas.

Disruption in the trade of tin for bronze from Western Europe may have contributed to the increasing popularity of brass in the east and by the 6th – 7th centuries AD over 90 % of copper alloy artefacts from Egypt were made of brass.

All Belarus ground forces were now grouped within these two commands, the Western Operational Command at Grodno, former from the previous 28th Army Corps, the former Soviet 28th Army, and the North Western Operational Command, the former 65th Army Corps, at Borisov.

Banking reform accelerated in 2001 as all the Communist-era payments bureaus were shut down ; foreign banks, primarily from Western Europe, now control most of the banking sector.

The 2nd and 7th divisions were assigned independent roles, operating in Western Thrace and eastern Macedonia respectively.

The Bauhaus had a major impact on art and architecture trends in Western Europe, the United States, Canada and Israel in the decades following its demise, as many of the artists involved fled, or were exiled, by the Nazi regime.

After a series of rival leagues were organized but failed, ( most notably the American Base Ball Association, which spawned the clubs which would ultimately become the St. Louis Cardinals and Brooklyn Dodgers ) the current American League, evolving from the minor Western League of 1893, was established in 1901.