German Alpen is the accusative in origin, but was made the nominative in Modern German, whence also Alm.

The accusative case ( abbreviated ) of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb.

The accusative case existed in Proto-Indo-European and is present in some Indo-European languages ( including Latin, Sanskrit, Greek, German, Polish, Swedish, Romanian, Russian, Ukrainian ), in the Uralic languages, in Altaic languages, and in Semitic languages ( such as Classical Arabic ).

In morphosyntactic alignment terms, both perform the accusative function, but the accusative object is telic, while the partitive is not.

This conflation of the old accusative, dative, instrumental, and ( after prepositions ) genitive cases is the oblique case.

Hine, a true accusative masculine third person singular pronoun, is attested in some northern English dialects as late as the 19th century.

The English name " accusative ( case )" is an Anglicisation of the Latin accūsātīvus ( cāsus ), which was translated from Ancient Greek.

If this article / noun pair is used as the object of a verb, it ( usually ) changes to the accusative case, which entails an article shift in German – Ich sehe den Wagen.

" This is known as the accusative of duration of time.

This is known as the accusative of place to which, and is equivalent to the lative case found in some other languages.

The pronoun whom is a remnant of the dative case in English, descending from the Old English dative pronoun " hwām " ( as opposed to the nominative " who ", which descends from Old English " hwā ") — though " whom " also absorbed the functions of the Old English accusative pronoun " hwone ".

Likewise, " him " is a remnant of both the Old English dative " him " and accusative " hine ", " her " serves for both Old English dative " hire " and accusative " hīe ", etc.

Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch ( dative: the book is lying on the table ), but Ich lege das Buch auf den Tisch ( accusative: I put the book on the table ).

Here, the subject, Ich, is in the nominative case, the direct object, das Buch, is in the accusative case, and zum Verleger is in the dative case, since zu always requires the dative ( zum is a contraction of zu + dem ).

In this sentence, Freund would seem to be the indirect object, but, because it follows an ( direction ), the accusative is required, not the dative.

*** For nouns, The is for the nominative, for the accusative, and for the genitive.

Modern English, which almost entirely lacks declension in its nouns, does not have an explicitly marked accusative case even in the pronouns.

In nominative – accusative languages, both core cases may be marked, but not infrequently only the accusative is.

In Latin and many other languages, the direct object is marked by the accusative case, while the indirect object is typically marked by the dative case.

* A case variously named " accusative ", " oblique " or " objective ", marked with nasal suffixes:

It appears that there was no accusative case, and that stress was as in modern Esperanto, except when marked, as in-à and-ó.

In some languages the persons in between the accusative and ergative inflections ( such as second person, or third-person human ) may be tripartite: that is, marked overtly as either ergative or accusative in transitive clauses, but not marked as either in intransitive clauses.

When a first or second person pronoun appears, however, it is marked according to a nominative – accusative pattern ( with the least marked case when it is the agent or intransitive, and with the most marked case when it is the patient ).

A verb in the perfective aspect causes its arguments to be marked using an ergative pattern, while the imperfective aspect triggers accusative marking.

In languages like Dakota, arguments of active verbs such as to run are marked like transitive agents, as in accusative languages, while arguments of inactive verbs such as to stand are marked like transitive objects, as in ergative languages.

While some linguists like Polomé & Winter have claimed the accusative case was marked with es-( nb.

In a language with morphological case marking, an S and an A may both be unmarked or marked with the nominative case, while the O is marked with an accusative case ( or sometimes an oblique case also used for dative or instrumental case roles ) as occurs with nominative-us and accusative-um in Latin: Juli < span style =" color :# 008000 "> us </ span > venit " Julius came "; Juli < span style =" color :# 008000 "> us </ span > Brut < span style =" color :# 800000 "> um </ span > vidit " Julius saw Brutus ".

In nominative – accusative languages the syntactic pivot is the so-called " subject " ( the argument marked with the nominative case ).

In ergative – absolutive languages the syntactic pivot may be the argument marked with the absolutive case, but this is not always so, since ergative languages are often not " pure " and show a mixed behaviour ( e. g. ergative morphology and accusative syntax ).

The-an which, in Classical Arabic, marked a noun as indefinite accusative ( see nunation ), became an indeclinable conjunctive particle, as in Ibn Quzmân's expression rajulan ' ashîq.

North and west of the line ( excluding some Northern Italian varieties, such as Ligurian, which probably once had the characteristic but lost it under influence from standard Italian ), the plural of nouns was drawn from the Latin accusative case, and is marked with / s / regardless of grammatical gender or declension.

Most modern English grammarians no longer use the Latin accusative / dative model, though they tend to use the terms objective for oblique, subjective for nominative, and possessive for genitive ( see Declension in English ).

The masculine forms for German articles, e. g., ' the ', ' a / an ', ' my ', etc., change in the accusative case: they always end in-en.

The Old English language, current until approximately sometime after the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066, had a dative case ; however, the English case system gradually fell into disuse during the Middle English period, when in pronouns the accusative and dative merged into a single oblique case that was also used for all prepositions.

This conflation of case in Middle and Modern English has led most modern grammarians to discard the " accusative " and " dative " labels as obsolete, often using the term " objective " for oblique.

Nez Perce has a three-way nominal case system with both ergative (- nim ) and accusative (- ne ) plus an absolute ( unmarked ) case for intransitive subjects: hipáayna qíiwn ‘ the old man arrived ’; hipáayna wewúkiye ‘ the elk arrived ’; wewúkiyene péexne qíiwnim ‘ the old man saw an elk ’.

Many aspects of the syntax of Greek have remained constant: verbs agree with their subject only, the use of the surviving cases is largely intact ( nominative for subjects and predicates, accusative for objects of most verbs and many prepositions, genitive for possessors ), articles precede nouns, adpositions are largely prepositional, relative clauses follow the noun they modify, relative pronouns are clause-initial.

Esperanto's inventor, L. L. Zamenhof, had suggested in an 1894 proposition for a Reformed Esperanto several changes that Ido adopted: eliminating the accented letters and the accusative case, changing the plural to an Italianesque-i, and replacing the table of correlatives with more Latinate words.

According to Evans, if the passage had been an interpolation after the emergence of conflicts between Jews and Christians, it would have had a more accusative tone, but in its current form reads as one would expect it to read for a passage composed by Josephus towards the end of the first century.

A special case is the word you: Originally, ye was its nominative form and you the accusative, but over time you has come to be used for the nominative as well.

Generally, when the term subjective case is used, the term objective is used for the oblique case, which covers the roles of accusative, dative, and objects of a preposition.

Amerigen is explained as Amerigo plus gen, the accusative case of the Greek word for ' earth ', and meaning ' land of Amerigo '.

The Latin accusative of towns and small islands is used for motion towards, like the allative case.

The unmarked accusative / citation form may be called absolutive to clarify that the citation form is used for the accusative case role rather than for the nominative, which it is in most nominative – accusative languages.