The accusative case existed in Proto-Indo-European and is present in some Indo-European languages ( including Latin, Sanskrit, Greek, German, Polish, Swedish, Romanian, Russian, Ukrainian ), in the Uralic languages, in Altaic languages, and in Semitic languages ( such as Classical Arabic ).

Finnic languages, such as Finnish and Estonian, have two cases to mark objects, the accusative and the partitive case.

Modern English, which almost entirely lacks declension in its nouns, does not have an explicitly marked accusative case even in the pronouns.

This conflation of the old accusative, dative, instrumental, and ( after prepositions ) genitive cases is the oblique case.

The English name " accusative ( case )" is an Anglicisation of the Latin accūsātīvus ( cāsus ), which was translated from Ancient Greek.

If this article / noun pair is used as the object of a verb, it ( usually ) changes to the accusative case, which entails an article shift in German – Ich sehe den Wagen.

In German, masculine nouns change their definite article from der to den in the accusative case.

In Latin, nouns, adjectives, or pronouns in the accusative case ( accusativus ) can be used

This is known as the accusative of place to which, and is equivalent to the lative case found in some other languages.

The masculine forms for German articles, e. g., ' the ', ' a / an ', ' my ', etc., change in the accusative case: they always end in-en.

The Old English language, current until approximately sometime after the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066, had a dative case ; however, the English case system gradually fell into disuse during the Middle English period, when in pronouns the accusative and dative merged into a single oblique case that was also used for all prepositions.

This conflation of case in Middle and Modern English has led most modern grammarians to discard the " accusative " and " dative " labels as obsolete, often using the term " objective " for oblique.

The pronoun whom is a remnant of the dative case in English, descending from the Old English dative pronoun " hwām " ( as opposed to the nominative " who ", which descends from Old English " hwā ") — though " whom " also absorbed the functions of the Old English accusative pronoun " hwone ".

Here, the subject, Ich, is in the nominative case, the direct object, das Buch, is in the accusative case, and zum Verleger is in the dative case, since zu always requires the dative ( zum is a contraction of zu + dem ).

Nez Perce has a three-way nominal case system with both ergative (- nim ) and accusative (- ne ) plus an absolute ( unmarked ) case for intransitive subjects: hipáayna qíiwn ‘ the old man arrived ’; hipáayna wewúkiye ‘ the elk arrived ’; wewúkiyene péexne qíiwnim ‘ the old man saw an elk ’.

Its main reforms were in bringing the alphabet, semantics, and some grammatical features into closer alignment with the Romance languages, as well as removal of adjectival agreement and the accusative case except when necessary.

Nouns and adjectives have two cases, nominative / oblique and accusative / allative, and two numbers, singular and plural ; the adjectival form of personal pronouns behaves like a genitive case.

In addition to indicating direct objects, the accusative / allative case is used with nouns, adjectives and adverbs to show the destination of a motion, or to replace certain prepositions ; the nominative / oblique is used in all other situations.

A predicative adjective does not take the accusative case suffix even when the noun it modifies does:

Many aspects of the syntax of Greek have remained constant: verbs agree with their subject only, the use of the surviving cases is largely intact ( nominative for subjects and predicates, accusative for objects of most verbs and many prepositions, genitive for possessors ), articles precede nouns, adpositions are largely prepositional, relative clauses follow the noun they modify, relative pronouns are clause-initial.

In some languages, there is double-marking of a word as both genitive ( to indicate semantic role ) and another case such as accusative ( to establish concord with the head noun ).

A complete Latin noun declension consists of seven grammatical cases: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative and locative.

Latin Annus ( a 2nd declension masculine noun ; annum is the accusative singular ; anni is genitive singular and nominative plural ; anno the dative and ablative singular ) is from a PIE noun, which also yielded Gothic aþnam " year ".

The Forms are named after the corresponding singular accusative Latin noun.

This, however, is the accusative and genitive form of the noun used when, for example, writing " Tromsø Municipality " ( Romssa Suohkan ).

This, however, is the accusative and genitive form of the noun used when, for example, writing " Tromsø Municipality " ( Romssa Suohkan ).

(" Requiem " is the accusative singular form of the Latin noun requies, " rest, repose ".

Per capita is a Latin prepositional phrase: per ( preposition, taking the accusative case, meaning " by, by means of ") and capita ( accusative plural of the noun caput, " head ").

# The use of a direct object in the genitive instead of the accusative in negation signifies that the noun is indefinite, compare: " Я не вижу книги " (" I don't see a book " or " I don't see any book ") and " Я не вижу книгу " (" I don't see the book ").

They are originally the accusative and dative or ablative forms of a verbal noun in the fourth declension, respectively.

The-an which, in Classical Arabic, marked a noun as indefinite accusative ( see nunation ), became an indeclinable conjunctive particle, as in Ibn Quzmân's expression rajulan ' ashîq.

Urbem is the accusative case form of the third declension noun, Urbs, so it is the object of the sentence.

* The HOL admits ( separation-style ) subtyping, e. g. NPacc, the type of accusative noun phrases, is a subtype of NP, and denotes a subset of the category denoted by NP.

In this context it is accusative and used substantively ( i. e., as a noun ) to mean " better things ", " always better ", " ever better ", or, more fully, " for the pursuit of the better ".

The words are also declined as any Esperanto noun ( eŭro / eŭroj in the nominative, eŭron / eŭrojn in the accusative ).

The words are also declined as any Volapük noun ( yurod / yurods in the nominative, yuroda / yurodas in the genitive ), yurode / yurodes in the dative ) and yurodi / yurodis in the accusative ; zim / zims, etc.

In a marked nominative system, on the other hand, it is the nominative case alone that is marked morphologically, and it is the unmarked accusative case that is used as the citation form of the noun.

" This is because the parts of speech are generally unambiguous, and prepositions and the accusative marker help disambiguate the case of a given noun phrase.

There is no accusative case ; that is, both the nominative and accusative roles are unmarked on the noun.

German Alpen is the accusative in origin, but was made the nominative in Modern German, whence also Alm.

In morphosyntactic alignment terms, both perform the accusative function, but the accusative object is telic, while the partitive is not.

Hine, a true accusative masculine third person singular pronoun, is attested in some northern English dialects as late as the 19th century.

" This is known as the accusative of duration of time.

The accusative is marked for masculine articles, pronouns, and adjectives.

Likewise, " him " is a remnant of both the Old English dative " him " and accusative " hine ", " her " serves for both Old English dative " hire " and accusative " hīe ", etc.

Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch ( dative: the book is lying on the table ), but Ich lege das Buch auf den Tisch ( accusative: I put the book on the table ).

In this sentence, Freund would seem to be the indirect object, but, because it follows an ( direction ), the accusative is required, not the dative.

*** For nouns, The is for the nominative, for the accusative, and for the genitive.