However, in the actual assessment of the cutting force by instrumental methods for any thickness of coating a number of spurious effects occur which must be taken into account and which make the measured value larger than the true cutting force indicated by eqn. ( 1 ).

* Arbitrary unit, a relative placeholder unit for when the actual value of a measurement is unknown or unimportant

The authors of the U. S. Army's Area Handbook series said at the time that '.. the Army and Gendarmery ( sic ) were effective forces in being, but the Navy and Air Force were token forces primarily for prestige and with little actual defense value.

A negative value means that the actual direction of current through that circuit element is opposite that of the chosen reference direction.

The difference between the actual analog value and the digital representation is known as quantization error.

To measure cost performance, planned value ( or BCWS-Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled ) and earned value ( or BCWP-Budgeted Cost of Work Performed ) must be in units of currency ( the same units that actual costs are measured.

To determine the actual value, a decimal point is placed after the first digit of the significand and the result is multiplied by 10 < sup > 5 </ sup > to give 1. 528535047 × 10 < sup > 5 </ sup >, or 152853. 5047.

There is a critical point where the value of hedonistic properties is affected by actual age and the depreciation schedule turns upward.

Yet Q1 has value: it contains stage directions that reveal actual stage practices in a way that Q2 and F1 do not ; it contains an entire scene ( usually labelled 4. 6 ) that does not appear in either Q2 or F1 ; and it is useful for comparison with the later editions.

Heilbrun argued that men have for centuries completely misinterpreted Gertrude, accepting at face value Hamlet's view of her instead of following the actual text of the play.

While this does not lessen the actual value of a currency, it is called redenomination or revaluation and also happens over time in countries with standard inflation levels.

When this involves having sex with, or performing certain actual sexual acts for another person in exchange for money or something of value, it is called prostitution.

" Labor " is the actual activity of producing value.

The estimated value of the whole Arms Park site could be at least GB £ 25 million, although with the " recreational use " requirement, its actual value could be a lot less than that figure.

Note that with ( A0 )+ and -( A0 ), the actual increment or decrement value is dependent on the operand size: a byte access increments the address register by 1, a word by 2, and a long by 4.

) and the actual operation ( such as add or compare ) and other fields that may give the type of the operand ( s ), the addressing mode ( s ), the addressing offset ( s ) or index, or the actual value itself ( such constant operands contained in an instruction are called immediates ).

Cards speak for themselves: the actual value of a player's hand prevails in the event a player mis-states the value of his hand.

Bit 3 specifies indirection ; if set, the address obtained as described so far points to a 12-bit value in memory that gives the actual effective address for the instruction.

Hipparchus is the earliest known astronomer to recognize and assess the precession of the equinoxes at about 1º per century ( which is not far from the actual value for antiquity, 1. 38º ).

The matches have predetermined outcomes in order to heighten entertainment value, and all combative maneuvers are worked in order to lessen the chance of actual injury.

Most often and familiarly, defendants are persons: either natural persons ( actual human beings ) or legal persons ( persona ficta ) under the legal fiction of treating organizations as persons.

* The Snouters: Form and Life of the Rhinogrades, by Zoologist Gerolf Steiner, purports to be a non-fictional natural history study, and was written, published, and presented as if it were an actual scientific treatise documenting the recently-extinct indigenous wildlife (" Rhinogradentia ") of the equally fictitious Hi-yi-yi archipelago.

Marx thus departs from Hegel by insisting that " the fact that man is a corporeal, actual, sentient, objective being with natural capacities means that he has actual, sensuous objects for his nature as objects of his life-expression, or that he can only express his life in actual sensuous objects.

Loglan has a wide range of words used for expressing emotions and attitudes about what one is saying, but unlike natural languages, these are kept clearly distinct from the actual statements being made.

: Because children below the age of reason did not commit actual sin, theologians came to the common view that these unbaptized children feel no pain at all or even that they enjoy a full, though only natural, happiness through their mediated union with God in all natural goods ( Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus ).

The term natural language refers to actual linguistic behavior, and is aligned with descriptive linguistics rather than linguistic prescription.

Many economists working within the neoclassical paradigm argue that there is a natural rate of unemployment which, when subtracted from the actual rate of unemployment, can be used to calculate the negative GDP gap during a recession.

If C is a locally small category ( i. e. the hom-sets are actual sets and not proper classes ), then each object A of C gives rise to a natural functor to Set called a hom-functor.

Hence, in the philosophy of mathematics, the abstraction of actual infinity involves the acceptance of infinite entities, such as the set of all natural numbers or an infinite sequence of rational numbers, as given objects.

The colors are called " black " and " white " ( or " light " and " dark "), although the actual colors are usually dark green and buff for boards used in competition, and often natural shades of light and dark woods for home boards.

What seems to be recorded in this are the natural suspicions that fell on the chief beneficiaries of the murder ; their actions after the murder, however sympathetic they might seem ( if actual ), cannot prove their guilt in the deed itself.

An approximation of the doubling time formula used in population growth, according to which the doubling time is roughly equal to 70 divided by the percent growth rate ( using continuous compounding, the actual number would be about 69. 31 or 100 times the natural logarithm of 2 ).

It is similar to Biomorphs, except the process by which the objects are " grown " is more closely based on actual developmental biology, which explains why the shapes look so natural.

A contemporary botanic garden is a strictly protected natural urban green area where a managing organization creates landscaped gardens and holds documented collections of living plants and / or preserved plant accessions containing functional units of heredity of actual or potential value for purposes such as scientific research, education, public display, conservation, sustainable use, tourism and recreational activities, production of marketable plant-based products and services for improvement of human well-being.

In certain instances, however, legato is used to sound notes instead of an actual pick stroke ( in the case of guitar, hammer-ons and pull-offs ); notably in the upper and lower sections of an arpeggio, where successive strokes on the same string in a row would effectively negate the natural sweeping motion in question.

By Kant's view, humans can make sense out of phenomena in these various ways, but can never directly know the noumena, the " things-in-themselves ", the actual objects and dynamics of the natural world.

In addition, in the 1920s there was significant investment in natural gas and oil in the area, although actual production remained low until the 1950s.

where Y is log value of the actual output, Y < sub > n </ sub > is log value of the " natural " level of output, a is a positive constant, P is log value of the actual price level, and P < sub > e </ sub > is log value of the expected price level.

Note that this equation indicates that when expectations of future inflation ( or, more correctly, the future price level ) are totally accurate, the last term drops out, so that actual output equals the so-called " natural " level of real GDP.

This means that in the Lucas aggregate supply curve, the only reason why actual real GDP should deviate from potential — and the actual unemployment rate should deviate from the " natural " rate — is because of incorrect expectations of what is going to happen with prices in the future.

This is the rhetoric of righteousness the beatniks use in defending their way of life, their search for wholeness, though their actual existence fails to reach these `` religious '' heights.

Mimesis is the nearest possible thing to the actual re-living of experience, in which the imagining person recovers through images something of the force and depth characteristic of experience itself.

As a word of caution, we should be aware that in actual practice no message is purely one of the four types, question, command, statement, or exclamation.

But there is no line between France and Germany, that is, no actual line.

He mentions the beats only once '', when he refers to their having revived through mere power and abandonment and the unwillingness to, commit death in life some idea of a decent equivalent between verbal expression and actual experience,, but the entire narrative, is written in the tiresome vocabulary `` of '' that lost `` and '' dying cause, `` and in the '' `` sprung syntax that is supposed to supplant, our mother, tongue.

The section is violated whether or not actual restraints or monopolies, or the substantial lessening of competition, have occurred or are intended.

Research, development test and evaluation funds, devoted to missiles in 1960 were 3 to 4 times as large as those devoted to aircraft, and actual missile procurement is expected to exceed aircraft procurement by 1963.

Thus technical efficiency is achieved at the expense of actual experience.

Consultation with architects, clients, real estate men, fabric houses and furniture companies is essential to the proper development of class problems just as in actual work.

The actual change Af caused by a shear field is calculated by multiplying the pressure differential times the volume, just as it is for any gravitational or osmotic pressure head.

It is the discrepancy between the actual attained achievement test score and the score that would be predicted by the I.Q..

By the time the child first attacks the actual problem of reading, he is completely familiar and at ease with all of the elements of words.

The actual mean of 1.07 being about halfway between 0 of complete correlation and 2.0 of no correlation, it is evident that there is a pretty fair degree of similarity in the behavior even of particular individual items of meaning as regards long-term stem displacement.

The second major aspect of the election is the actual procedure of registration, nomination and voting.

The Summary Report, which was prepared for this Conference, indicates, first, that actual or pending school desegregation is increasing ; ;

second, that both actual and pending desegregation is, with few exceptions, the product or result of court order.

Therefore, if the sense of touch is functioning normally and there is a complete absence of spatial awareness in a psychically-blind person when the eyes are closed and an object is handled, the conclusion seems unavoidable that touch by itself cannot focus and take possession of the third-dimensionality of things and that actual sight or visual representations are necessary.

The actual surface becomes both ground and background, and it turns out -- suddenly and paradoxically -- that the only place left for a three-dimensional illusion is in front of, upon, the surface.

During the first pass of Phase 3,, references to the actual addresses of index words and electronic switches are collected and the availability table is updated.