Allmusic identifies indie rock as including a number of styles that are: " too sensitive and melancholy ; too soft and delicate ; too dreamy and hypnotic ; too personal and intimately revealing in its lyrics ; too low-fidelity and low-budget in its production ; too angular in its melodies and riffs ; too raw, skronky and abrasive, wrapped in too many sheets of Sonic Youth / Dinosaur Jr ./ Pixies / Jesus & Mary Chain-style guitar noise ; too oblique and fractured in its song structures ; too influenced by experimental or otherwise unpopular musical styles.

However, the idea that electrons might revolve around a compact nucleus with definite angular momentum was convincingly argued at least 19 years earlier by Niels Bohr, and the Japanese physicist Hantaro Nagaoka published an orbit-based hypothesis for electronic behavior as early as 1904.

Cosmological perturbation theory, which describes the evolution of slight inhomogeneities in the early universe, has allowed cosmologists to precisely calculate the angular power spectrum of the radiation, and it has been measured by the recent satellite experiments ( COBE and WMAP ) and many ground and balloon-based experiments ( such as Degree Angular Scale Interferometer, Cosmic Background Imager, and Boomerang ).

First performed on November 20, 1946, this modernist work was one of his early abstract and spare ballets, angular and very different in movement.

The cathedral is a mixture of Perpendicular with Flamboyant, the latter being peculiarly barbarous and angular, owing to its being engrafted, not on a pure, but a very early penetrative Gothic … The rest of the architecture among which this curious Flamboyant is set is a Perpendicular with horizontal bars across: and with the most detestable crocketing, utterly vile.

Double bass drums and " angular " riffing also defined the early work of Meshuggah.

James Hutton and Charles Lyell also contributed to early understanding of the Earth's history with their observations at Edinburgh in Scotland concerning angular unconformity in a rock face and it was in fact Lyell that influenced Charles Darwin greatly in his theory of evolution by speculating that the present is the key to the past.

Epigraphically, the early letter appears in an angular shape ().

Independently of Wiley's work, experimental trials in early 1952 by Sherwin and others at the University of Illinois ' Control Systems Laboratory showed results that they pointed out " could provide the basis for radar systems with greatly improved angular resolution " and might even lead to systems capable of focusing at all ranges simultaneously.

The joint's surfaces are flat or planar in early life but as we start walking, the sacroiliac joint surfaces develop distinct angular orientations ( and lose their planar or flat topography.

The exterior design would foreshadow much of late 1990s and early 2000s car design, acting as a precedent to both Bangle's somewhat notorious work at BMW, as well as futuristic angular designs by other marques such as Ford and Renault.

The series known to early spectroscopy were designated sharp, principal, diffuse and fundamental and consequently the letters S, P, D, and F were used to represent the orbital angular momentum states of an atom.

However, it developed over time from an edgy and angular sound ( as heard in their early material — once described by the NME as " the sound of a flight of stairs falling down a flight of stairs ") to a sweeping, melodic rock sound as displayed on The Remote Part and Warnings / Promises.

* the auditory challenges posed by the non-Italianate stage works of Richard Strauss ( 1864 – 1949 ) and other late-romantic / early modern era composers, with their strenuous and angular vocal lines and often thick orchestral textures.

Brett Wickens was by now working for Peter Saville Associates in England, and designed an angular modernist cover in the mold of early New Order releases.

Instead, these planets, and Saturn, may have formed closer to Jupiter, but were flung outwards during the early evolution of the Solar System, perhaps through exchanges of angular momentum with scattered objects.

Later examples, such as No. 22 ( pictured ), had much more angular ( and practical ) bodywork, yet the nickname persisted for these too.

Essentially, the stator or reference portion of the pickoff is established with respect to the true heading direction, and the platform is turned either manually or automatically until the angular electrical pickoff signal is reduced to zero.

Until 1983, the angular value of the obliquity for any date was calculated based on the work of Newcomb, who analyzed positions of the planets until about 1895:

Up until that time, attempts to make the old quantum theory of the atom compatible with the theory of relativity, attempts based on discretizing the angular momentum stored in the electron's possibly non-circular orbit of the atomic nucleus, had failed-and the new quantum mechanics of Heisenberg, Pauli, Jordan, Schrödinger, and Dirac himself had not developed sufficiently to treat this problem.

Until 1983, the Astronomical Almanac's angular value of the obliquity for any date was calculated based on the work of Newcomb, who analyzed positions of the planets until about 1895:

The glass fibre body design and layout remained, in modified form, until replaced by the angular wedge design Tasmin in 1980.

In regards to the stars, Tycho also believed that if the Earth orbited the Sun annually there should be an observable stellar parallax over any period of six months, during which the angular orientation of a given star would change thanks to Earth's changing position ( this parallax does exist, but is so small it was not detected until 1838, when Friedrich Bessel discovered a parallax of 0. 314 arcseconds of the star 61 Cygni in 1838 ).

These provide an output proportional to angular rates about the pitch and yaw axes to the orbiter computers and guidance, navigation and control system during first-stage ascent flight in conjunction with the orbiter roll rate gyros until SRB separation.

' Never eating meat, he fasted much, wore a hair shirt and an angular chain, slept on the bare floor, and chastised his body until the blood flowed.

The instrument is then moved by one or more increments, possibly using a reticle to identify specific angular distances, to follow identified patterns of stars in the sky, until the target object is reached.

< center > MicroburinA microburin is a characteristic waste product from manufacture of lithic tools, sometimes confused with an authentic burin, which is characteristic of the Mesolithic, but which has been recorded from the end of the Upper Paleolithic until the Calcolithic .< ref > ( pages 127 y 272 )</ ref > This type of lithic artifact was first named by Henri Breuil who defined it as « a type of angular, smooth, with a terminal retouch in the form of a small notch ».

When it was first shown, and until after 1958, the leading edge of car's nose carried an angular, forward-leaning chrome lion hood ornament – the lion image being Peugeot's trade mark.

The NSII operated from 1963 until 1974, and was used to measure the angular diameters of 32 stars.

The center of the nebula, not having much angular momentum, collapsed rapidly, the compression heating it until nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium began.

It is a F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F1 V. Beta TrA has a 14th magnitude optical companion at an angular separation of 155 arcseconds.

In modern ( late 20th century ) theoretical physics, angular momentum is described using a different formalism.

In the last century of the Sasanian period, angular harps were redesigned to make them as light as possible (" light, vertical, angular harps ," fig.

The first ever micrometric screw was invented by William Gascoigne in the 17th century, as an enhancement of the vernier ; it was used in a telescope to measure angular distances between stars and the relative sizes of celestial objects.

The existing heavy and angular stone stairs from the first floor down to the garden are a 19th century replacement of an elegant curved double staircase.

The suggestion has been made that anglais might be a corruption of Middle French anglé ( angular, or bent at an angle, angulaire in modern French ), but this has been rejected on grounds that there is no evidence of the term cor anglé before it was offered as a possible origin of anglais in the 19th century.

By the 12th century, Carolingian letters became more angular and were written closer together, less legibly than in previous centuries ; at the same time, the modern dotted i appeared.

By the end of the 12th century, England and Ireland saw a handful of innovative angular or polygonal keeps built, including the keep at Orford Castle, with three rectangular, clasping towers built out from the high, circular central tower ; the cross-shaped keep of Trim Castle and the famous polygonal design at Conisborough.

By the middle of the 18th century, the principle of angular momentum was discovered gradually by Daniel Bernoulli and Leonhard Euler and Patrick d ' Arcy ; d ' Arcy's version of the principle was phrased in terms of swept area.

17th century religious buildings include the Convento de Jesús Nazareno (), a baroque church founded by Mother Antonia de Jesús in the year 1666 ; as well as the Iglesia de la Santísima Trinidad ( San Telmo ) () which has a high Baroque style altar and has a belfry with a unique angular design.

For example, the full moon has an angular diameter of approximately 0. 5 °, when viewed from Earth.

An equivalent definition is the radius of an unperturbed circular Newtonian orbit about the Sun of a particle having infinitesimal mass, moving with an angular frequency of radians per day ; or that length such that, when used to describe the positions of the objects in the Solar System, the heliocentric gravitational constant ( the product GM < sub >☉</ sub >) is equal to ()< sup > 2 </ sup > AU < sup > 3 </ sup >/ d < sup > 2 </ sup >.

For many applications where one is only concerned about rotation around one axis, it is sufficient to discard the pseudovector nature of angular momentum, and treat it like a scalar where it is positive when it corresponds to a counter-clockwise rotation, and negative clockwise.

The law of conservation of angular momentum states that when no external torque acts on an object or a closed system of objects, no change of angular momentum can occur.

Constant angular momentum is extremely useful when dealing with the orbits of planets and satellites, and also when analyzing the Bohr model of the atom.

The same phenomenon results in extremely fast spin of compact stars ( like white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes ) when they are formed out of much larger and slower rotating stars ( indeed, decreasing the size of object 10 < sup > 4 </ sup > times results in increase of its angular velocity by the factor 10 < sup > 8 </ sup >).

The purpose of using pole weapons is either to extend reach or to increase angular momentum — and thus striking power — when the weapon is swung.

A conversion factor may be necessary when using different units of power, torque, or angular speed.

Secondly there is an apparent increase in the Moon's angular rate of orbital motion ( when measured in terms of mean solar time ).

It happens when the angular momentum for both electrons remains so low that they effectively move in one dimensional space and may be true for linear polarization and but is not for the circular.

The angular momentum of the whole A – B system is conserved in this process, so that when B slows down and loses rotational angular momentum, its orbital angular momentum is boosted by a similar amount ( there are also some smaller effects on A's rotation ).

The Moon moves faster when it is closer to the Earth ( near perigee ) and slower when it is near apogee ( furthest distance ), thus periodically changing the timing of syzygies by up to ± 14 hours ( relative to their mean timing ), and changing the apparent lunar angular diameter by about ± 6 %.

Before the launch of X-ray-observing satellites, such as the Chandra X-ray Observatory, X-ray observations generally had quite low angular resolution, but when the Moon passes in front of the nebula, its position is very accurately known, and so the variations in the nebula's brightness can be used to create maps of X-ray emission.

In such applications, the angular momentum of a flywheel is purposely transferred to a load when energy is transferred to or from the flywheel.

This is accomplished by equipping the spacecraft with an electric motor attached to a flywheel, which when rotated increasingly fast causes the spacecraft to spin the other way in a proportional amount by conservation of angular momentum.

Heavier yo-yos will have more angular momentum when spinning at a given speed, and thus will spin freely for a longer period.

This may be defined in terms of the angular or linear speed of each axis or as a compound speed i. e. the speed of the end of the arm when all axes are moving.

According to general relativity, the conservation laws of linear momentum, energy and angular momentum are only exactly true globally when expressed in terms of sum of the stress – energy tensor ( non-gravitational stress – energy ) and Landau – Lifshitz stress – energy – momentum pseudotensor ( gravitational stress – energy ).

Spatial aliasing, particular of angular frequency, can occur when reproducing a light field or sound field with discrete elements, as in 3D displays or wave field synthesis of sound.

Each individual telescope can detect objects roughly four billion times fainter than what can be detected with the naked eye, and when all the telescopes are combined, the facility can achieve an angular resolution of about 0. 001 arc-second.