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The cane toad is a prolific breeder ; females lay single-clump spawns with thousands of eggs.
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cane and toad
The cane toad has poison glands behind the eyes
The cane toad ( Bufo marinus ), also known as the giant neotropical toad or marine toad, is a large, terrestrial true toad which is native to Central and South America, but has been introduced to various islands throughout Oceania and the Caribbean.
The cane toad is an old species.
A fossil toad ( specimen UCMP 41159 ) from the La Venta fauna of the late Miocene of Colombia is indistinguishable from modern cane toads from northern South America.
The cane toad has poison glands, and the tadpoles are highly toxic to most animals if ingested.
Because of its voracious appetite, the cane toad has been introduced to many regions of the Pacific and the Caribbean islands as a method of agricultural pest control.
The cane toad is now considered a pest and an invasive species in many of its introduced regions ; of particular concern is its toxic skin, which kills many animals — native predators and otherwise — when ingested.
The cane toad has many other common names, including " giant toad " and " marine toad "; the former refers to its size and the latter to the binomial name, Bufo marinus.
Linnaeus based the specific epithet marinus on an illustration by Dutch zoologist Albertus Seba, who mistakenly believed the cane toad to inhabit both terrestrial and marine environments.
The subgenus Rhinella is increasingly considered to constitute a distinct genus of its own, thus changing the scientific name of the cane toad.
A light-coloured cane toad
These species can be distinguished from the cane toad by the absence of large parotoid glands behind their eyes and the lack of a ridge between the nostril and the eye.
In the United States, the cane toad closely resembles many bufonid species.
alt = A juvenile cane toad, showing many of the features of the adult toads, but without the large parotoid glands
The cane toad is very large ; the females are significantly longer than males, reaching an average length of.
The skin of the cane toad is dry and warty.
The juvenile cane toad is much smaller than the adult cane toad at long.
cane and is
Or say a waiter brings you a bowl of soup with a dead fly in it -- all you got to do is bannnnnng, stooooomp your cane on the floor.
The drink is sipped through a metal or cane straw called a bombilla.
The most well-known disaccharide is sucrose, ordinary sugar ( in scientific contexts, called table sugar or cane sugar to differentiate it from other sugars ).
Bokassa is said to have participated in the massacre, beating some of the children to death with his cane and allegedly ate some of his victims.
Acadian refugees, who largely came from what is now modern-day New Brunswick and Nova Scotia adapted their French rustic cuisine to local ingredients such as rice, crawfish, sugar cane, and sassafras.
The common name " marine toad " and the scientific name Bufo marinus suggest a link to marine life, but the adult cane toad is entirely terrestrial, only venturing to fresh water to breed.
The cane toad begins life as an egg, which is laid as part of long strings of jelly in water.
The cane toad is estimated to have a critical thermal maximum of and a minimum of around.
alt = An adult cane toad with dark colouration, as found in El Salvador: The parotoid gland is prominently displayed on the side of the head.
The skin of the adult cane toad is toxic, as well as the enlarged parotoid glands behind the eyes, and other glands across their backs.
Bufotenin, one of the chemicals excreted by the cane toad, is classified as a class 1 drug under Australian law, alongside heroin and cannabis.
In addition to releasing toxin, the cane toad is capable of inflating its lungs, puffing up and lifting its body off the ground to appear taller and larger to a potential predator.
The cane toad is native to the Americas, and its range stretches from the Rio Grande Valley in South Texas to the central Amazon and southeastern Peru.
cane and prolific
The six-year period after 1931 — when the cane toad was most prolific, and the white-grub saw dramatic decline — saw the highest-ever rainfall for Puerto Rico.
cane and ;
Most frogs identify prey by movement, and vision appears to be the primary method by which the cane toad detects prey ; however, the cane toad can also locate food using its sense of smell.
Components of bufotoxin are toxic to many animals ; there have even been human deaths due to the consumption of cane toads.
Nevertheless, the cane toad was assumed to have controlled the white-grub ; this view was reinforced by a Nature article titled " Toads save sugar crop ", and this led to large-scale introductions throughout many parts of the Pacific.
The tests using toads were faster than those employing mammals ; the toads were easier to raise, and, although the initial 1948 discovery employed Bufo arenarum for the tests, it soon became clear that a variety of anuran species were suitable, including the cane toad.
As a laboratory animal, the cane toad is regarded as ideal ; they are plentiful, and easy and inexpensive to maintain and handle.
Cane toad skin has been made into leather and novelty items ; stuffed cane toads, posed and accessorised, have found a home in the tourist market, and attempts have been made to produce fertilizer from their bodies.
In 1991, farm workers in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, were infected by eating contaminated food ; transmission has also occurred via contaminated açaí palm fruit juice and sugar cane juice.
For example ; milk sugar ( lactose ) is made from glucose and galactose whereas the sugar from sugar cane and sugar beets ( sucrose ) is made from glucose and fructose.
* Machete: A large heavy knife used to cut through thick vegetation such as sugar cane or jungle undergrowth ; it may be used as an offensive weapon.
Kamadeva is often pictured holding a bow of sugar cane and an arrow of flowers ; he may ride upon a great parrot.
For example Erzulie Freda will be given a mirror and a comb, fine cloth or jewelry ; Legba will be given his cane, straw hat and pipe ; Baron Samedi will be given his top hat, sunglasses and a cigar.
Around this time, cane sugar replaced maple sugar as the dominant sweetener in the US ; as a result, producers focused marketing efforts on maple syrup.
* Many hotels in Havana also add Angostura bitters to cut the sweetness of the Mojito ; while icing sugar is often muddled with the mint leaves rather than cane sugar, and many establishments simply use sugar syrup to control sweetness.
The pipes of the pan flute are typically made from bamboo or giant cane ; other materials used include wood, plastic, metal and ivory.
Note that the English word jaggery, a coarse brown sugar made from date palm sap or sugar cane juice, has a similar etymological origin ; Portuguese xagara or jagara, derived from Malayalam cakkarā from the Sanskrit śarkarā.
Promotion of farm mechanization has helped to alleviate labor shortages while increasing productivity ; both rice and sugar cane production are completely mechanized.
Werewolves are often depicted as immune to damage caused by ordinary weapons, being vulnerable only to silver objects, such as a silver-tipped cane, bullet or blade ; this attribute was first adopted cinematically in The Wolf Man.
In the United Kingdom, the white cane indicates that the individual has a visual impairment ; with two red bands added it indicates that the user is deafblind.
Sugar cane processing makes up one-third of industrial activity ; coconuts, ginger, and copra are also significant.
sugar cane, coconuts, cassava ( tapioca ), rice, sweet potatoes, bananas, ginger, taro, kava ; livestock: cattle, pigs ,, Shrimp, pickles, goats ; fish
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