The Istiqlal was still firmly united in 1957, but the P.D.I. ( Parti Democratique de l'Independance ), the most important minor party at the time, objected to the Istiqlal's predominance in the civil service and influence in Radio Maroc.

His father's civil service commission was still active, and during Turing's childhood years his parents travelled between Hastings in England and India, leaving their two sons to stay with a retired Army couple.

He was, however, destined for the law and an official career in the Austrian civil service, and he occupied various important posts under the ministry of justice, music being an avocation.

The term the Government always takes a plural verb in British civil service convention, perhaps to emphasize the principle of cabinet collective responsibility.

In order to successfully rule in such a situation, Abd al-Rahman needed to create a reliable civil service and organize a standing army.

There is a strong parallel here with the structure of government, which tends to separate the political cabinet from the management civil service.

But while he had reported some success against the rebels, Tombalbaye started behaving more and more irrationally and brutally, continuously eroding his consensus among the southern elites, which dominated all key positions in the army, the civil service and the ruling party.

Comedies portrayed military themes such as service, civil defense, boot-camp and shore-leave.

There is a strong parallel here with the structure of government, which tends to separate the political cabinet from the management civil service.

It is particularly relevant for the social class to which most of Confucius ' students belonged, because the only way for an ambitious young scholar to make his way in the Confucian Chinese world was to enter a ruler's civil service.

Under Wudi, the works of Confucius were made the official imperial philosophy and required reading for civil service examinations in 140 BC which was continued nearly unbroken until the end of the 19th Century.

* In some instances the right to work in any position ( including the civil service ) is granted, except for certain specific positions, such as in the defense departments, Governor-General or President or Prime Minister.

In most countries however, civil defense is a government-managed, volunteer-staffed organisation, separate from the fire brigade and the ambulance service.

In 1958, the USSR also started the development of the " Altai " national civil mobile phone service for cars, based on the Soviet MRT-1327 standard.

He believed that the reform of the civil service into a meritocratic system and the disappearance of the ancient Chinese nobility from the bureaucracy constituted a modern society.

Classes within Chinese society were not closed, and imperial China had not been aristocratic since the third century BCE because of " the meritocratic line in Confucian thinking would eventually find realization under the empire in the remarkable Chinese civil service examination.

However, Issas are predominate in the government, civil service, and the ruling party.

However, it is the Issas who presently dominate the government, civil service, and the ruling party, a situation that has bred resentment and political competition between the Somali Issas and the Afars.

Fiscal adjustment measures included downsizing the civil service, implementing a pension reform that placed the system on a much stronger financial footing, and strengthening public expenditure institutions.

The historian Warren Treadgold estimates that under Diocletian the number of men in the civil service doubled from 15, 000 to 30, 000.

Diocletian's reforms shifted the governors ' main function to that of the presiding official in the lower courts: whereas in the early Empire military and judicial functions were the function of governor, and procurators had supervised taxation ; under the new system vicarii and governors were responsible for justice and taxation, and a new class of duces (" dukes "), acting independently of the civil service, had military command.

Diocletian's expansion of the army and civil service meant that the Empire's tax burden grew.

During the 1992 U. S. presidential election campaign, the civil rights of gays and lesbians, particularly their open service in the military, attracted some press attention, and all candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination supported ending the ban on military service by gays and lesbians,

* Autonomy and freedom from bureaucratic impediments: DARPA has an exemption from Title V civilian personnel specifications, which provides for a direct authority to hire talents with the expediency not allowed by the standard civil service processes.

:" The establishment of the Republic of Afghanistan 1973 increased the Soviet investment in Afghanistan and the PDPA influence in the government's military and civil bodies.

Calendars in widespread use today include the Gregorian calendar, which is the de facto international standard, and is used almost everywhere in the world for civil purposes, including in the People's Republic of China and India ( along with the Indian national calendar ).

Although his term lasted only six months instead of twelve ( except for the Dictatorships of Sulla and Caesar ), all other magistrates reported to the dictator ( except for the tribunes of the plebs-although they could not veto any of the dictator's acts ), granting the dictator absolute authority in both civil and military matters throughout the Republic.

The Republic lasted from 1823 to 1838, when it began to disintegrate due to civil wars.

The term is a calque of the Latin bellum civile which was used to refer to the various civil wars of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC.

In its temporary dispositions, the document ordered the transition from the former military government, with Augusto Pinochet as President of the Republic, and the Legislative Power of the Military Junta ( formed by the heads of the navy, air force, National Police, and a representative of the army, the head of the Army being president of the republic ), to a civil one, with a time frame of eight years, during which the Legislative Power would still be the Military Junta.

Politics of the Democratic Republic of Congo take place in a framework of a republic in transition from a civil war to a semi-presidential republic.

Having lost the civil war, this group remained in existence, with the intention of overthrowing both the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland and achieving the Irish Republic proclaimed in 1916.

A new series of civil wars broke out, and the constitutional government of the Republic was never restored.

During the Libyan civil war, Italy terminated relations with Tripoli and recognized the rebel authority in Benghazi as Libya's legitimate representative, effectively starting relations with the Libyan Republic.

The northern provinces had remained loyal to the Emperor, and hoping to avoid a civil war, Sun Yat-Sen – already proclaimed " provisional president " by his supporters – had come to a compromise with the Emperor's key ally Yuan Shikai ( 1859 – 1916 ); the monarchy would be abolished, and Late Imperial China would be converted into a new Republic of China, but it would be the royalist Yuan and not the revolutionary Sun who would become its first President.

* 1967 – The Nigerian Eastern Region declares independence as the Republic of Biafra, sparking a civil war.

Disagreement between Octavian and Antony erupted into civil war, the final war of the Roman Republic, in 31 BC.

China returned to civil war between the Western-backed Kuomintang versus Mao Zedong's Communists supported by the Soviet Union with the Communists seizing control of all of mainland China in 1949, creating the People's Republic of China ( PRC ).

The representative of the French central state in New Caledonia is the High Commissioner of the Republic ( Haut-Commissaire de la République, locally known as " haussaire "), who is the head of civil services, and who sits in the government of the territory.

He is remembered as a founder of modern political science, and was also a civil servant of the Florentine Republic.

* 1997 – After a brief civil war which has driven President Pascal Lissouba out of Brazzaville, Denis Sassou-Nguesso proclaims himself the President of the Republic of the Congo.

By the time the civil conflict ended and the government of New Granada and the government of the Isthmus had negotiated the Isthmus's reincorporation to the union, Panama's First Republic had been free for 13 months.

Before the 1997 civil war, the Republic of the Congo's system of government was similar to that of the French.

In 1931, the Second Spanish Republic ( 1931 – 1939 ) turned into a civil war would be the prelude of World War II.

Nor was the Roman Republic " forced " to give away these powers: it did so freely and reasonably, certainly in Augustus ' case, because of his many services to the state, freeing it from civil wars and disorder.

This crisis and the civil wars which followed brought an end to the Republic and led to the foundation of the Empire under Augustus in 27 BC.

In 1949, the Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic of China in Mainland China.

When the Spanish Civil War broke out in July, Hitler and Mussolini supported the fascist and authoritarian Nationalist forces in their civil war against the Soviet-supported Spanish Republic.

During the next decade, it actively supported movements such as the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( UNITA ) under the independence war and under the subsequent civil war, the Zimbabwe African People's Union ( ZAPU ) and in Southern Rhodesia, the African National Congress ( ANC ) in their struggle against apartheid in South African Republic, and the South-West Africa People's Organization ( SWAPO ) in their struggle for independence for Namibia.