The only independent textual source for Ammianus lies in M, another ninth-century Frankish codex which was, unfortunately, unbound and placed in other codices during the fifteenth century.

" It has been theorised that Smith failed to mention the Beowulf manuscript because of his reliance on previous catalogues or because either he had no idea how to describe it or because it was temporarily out of the codex.

As far back as the early 2nd century, there is evidence that the codex — usually of papyrus — was the preferred format among Christians: in the library of the Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum ( buried in AD 79 ), all the texts ( Greek literature ) are scrolls ( see Herculaneum papyri ); in the Nag Hammadi " library ", secreted about AD 390, all the texts ( Gnostic Christian ) are codices.

The codex was an improvement over the scroll in several ways.

It could be opened flat at any page, allowing easier reading ; the pages could be written on both front and back ( recto and verso ); and the codex, protected within its durable covers, was more compact and easier to transport.

Binding the codex was clearly a different procedure from binding the " case ".

There, with the active aid of the Russian government, he at length got access to the remainder of the precious Sinaitic codex, and persuaded the monks to present it to Tsar Alexander II of Russia, at whose cost it was published in 1862 ( in four folio volumes ).

The Komondor was brought to Europe by the Cumans and it was mentioned for the first time in 1544 in a Hungarian codex.

An 1873 edition by Wölfflin was based on Salmasius's copy of the lost codex.

Its most common use was as a material for writing on, for documents, notes, or the pages of a book, codex or manuscript.

The oldest liturgical drama ( 12th century ) written already in old Spanish language was a codex found in the library of the Toledo Cathedral.

The compilation of the codex was patornized by the Manesse family of Zürich, presumably by Rüdiger II Manesse ( b. before 1252, d. after 1304 ).

The Laurentian codex was compiled in what are today Russian lands by the Nizhegorod monk Laurentius for the Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich in 1377.

The original text he used was a lost codex compiled for the Grand Duke Mikhail of Tver in 1305.

The language of this work is the East Slavic version of Church Slavonic language with many additional irregular east-slavisms ( like other east-Slavic codices of the time ). Whereas the Laurention ( Muscovite ) text traces the Kievan legacy through to the Muscovite princes, the Hypation text traces the Kievan legacy through the rulers of the Halych principality. The Hypatian codex was re-discovered in Kiev in the 1620s and copy was made for Prince Kostiantyn Ostrozhsky.

Aside from the Littera Florentina, a 6th-century codex of the Pandects that was preserved at Pisa, apparently without ever being publicly consulted, ( and removed to Florence after Florence conquered Pisa in 1406 ), there may have been other manuscript sources for the text that began to be taught at Bologna, by Pepo and then by Irnerius.

Before the advent of the codex ( book ), Latin and Greek script was written on scrolls.

Tezcatlipoca depicted in the codex Rios in the aspect of a Jaguar — in this form he was called Tepeyollotl.

A new Tyranid codex was released on January 16, 2010, written by Robin Cruddace.

According to the prefatory letters, the work was composed at the urging of his friend Braulio, Bishop of Saragossa, to whom Isidore, at the end of his life, sent his codex inemendatus (" unedited book "), which seems to have begun circulating before Braulio was able to revise it, and issue it, with a dedication to the late Visigothic King Sisebut.

A codex of his speeches was seen at Buda in 1525. in the library of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, but was destroyed by the Turks in 1526.

Historically, manuscripts were produced in form of scrolls ( volumen in Latin ) or books ( codex, plural codices ).

When a number of these were not met, a codex was produced here called the Lienzo de Tlaxcala as a complaint to the Spanish Crown.

New miniatures were produced and released alongside with the release of the codex.

Other important items include Hrvojev ’ s mass ( Hrvojev misal ) and Hval ’ s codex ( Hvalov zbornik ), both Bosnian books of liturgy produced in Croatia at the start of the 15th century, a 16th century Kur ’ an and Leontiev ’ s New Testament ( Leontijevo četverojevanđelje ).

Goshen-Gottstein suggested ( in the introduction to his facsimile reprint of the codex ) that not only was it the oldest known masoretic Bible in a single volume, it was the first time ever that a complete Tanakh had been produced by one or two people as a unified entity in a consistent style.

It is likely that the codex was produced in Yucatán.

A colophon on folio 197 indicates that the codex was produced in 1148.

The codex was produced at the Monastery of St. Martin at Tours between 820 and 830, under the abbacy Fridugisus, who was the successor of Alcuin.

The codex, of 907 leaves, is written in the Byzantine-Ravenna uncials characteristic of Constantinople, but which has recently been recognized in legal and literary texts produced in Alexandria and the Levant as well.

contains two chronicles composed by one Otmar Gassow in 1462, one concerned with Zürich, the other with the Toggenburg ( see Old Zürich War ), and a copy of the 13th century Schwabenspiegel law codex.

A codex ( Latin caudex for " trunk of a tree " or block of wood, book ; plural codices ) is a book made up of a number of sheets of paper, vellum, or similar, with hand-written content, usually stacked and bound by fixing one edge and with covers thicker than the sheets, but sometimes continuous and folded concertina-style.

The alternative to paged codex format for a long document is the continuous scroll.

The spread of the codex is often associated with the rise of Christianity, which adopted the format for the Bible early on.

The codex holds considerable practical advantages over other book formats, such as compactness, sturdiness, ease of reference ( a codex is random access, as opposed to a scroll, which is sequential access ), and especially economy of materials ; unlike the scroll, both recto and verso could be used for writing.

The pages of parchment notebooks were commonly washed or scraped for re-use, called a palimpsest ; and consequently writings in a codex were considered informal and impermanent.

It is thus named for being both the one written authority ( codex ) secondary ( only ) to the Tanakh as a basis for the passing of judgment, a source and a tool for creating laws, and the first of many books to complement the Bible in certain aspects.

In the codex's description of the first meeting between Moctezuma and Cortés, the Aztec ruler is described as giving a prepared speech in classical oratorial Nahuatl, a speech which as described verbatim in the codex ( written by Sahagún's Tlatelolcan informants who were probably not eyewitnesses of the meeting ) included such prostrate declarations of divine or near-divine admiration as, " You have graciously come on earth, you have graciously approached your water, your high place of Mexico, you have come down to your mat, your throne, which I have briefly kept for you, I who used to keep it for you ," and, " You have graciously arrived, you have known pain, you have known weariness, now come on earth, take your rest, enter into your palace, rest your limbs ; may our lords come on earth.

It is estimated that about 360 animals were slaughtered for making the folios of this codex, assuming all animals yielded a good enough skin.

2 Timothy 4: 10 – it reads Γαλλιαν for Γαλατιαν, the reading of the codex is supported by along with Ephraemi Rescriptus, 81, 104, 326, 436.

The codex is frequently referred to by Minnesang scholars and in editions simply by the abbreviation C, introduced by Karl Lachmann, who used A and B for the two main earlier Minnesang codices ( the Kleine Heidelberger Liederhandschrift and the Weingartner Liederhandschrift respectively ).

The two main sources for the chronicle's text as it is known presently are the Laurentian codex and the Hypatian codex.