For the upper class of the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, diplomatic immunity was an easy concept to understand.

Another German diplomatic historian, Wolfgang Michalka argued that there was a fourth alternative Nazi foreign policy programme, and that was Ribbentrop's concept of a Euro-Asiatic bloc comprising the four totalitarian states of Germany, the Soviet Union, Italy and Japan.

The treaties resulted from the big diplomatic congress, thereby initiating a new system of political order in central Europe, later called Westphalian sovereignty, based upon the concept of a sovereign state governed by a sovereign and establishing a prejudice in international affairs against interference in another nation's domestic business.

Having originated in the study of ancient history, the concept soon developed and retains today meanings in international geopolitics and diplomatic relations.

Within the field of U. S. diplomatic history, he is most associated with the concept of ' post-revisionism ,' the idea of moving past the revisionist and orthodox interpretations of the origins of the Cold War to embrace what were ( in the 1970s ) interpretations based upon the then-growing availability of government documents from the United States, Great Britain and other western government archives.

The concept is that in the post-Cold War period, nations are able to increase their security through diplomatic and economic interaction, and that the Cold war mentality of competing and antagonistic blocks is outdated.

The concept of Western Betrayal refers to the view that United Kingdom and France failed to meet their legal, diplomatic, or moral obligations with respect to Czechoslovakia during the Munich Agreement and subsequent Occupation of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany, as well as to Poland on the eve of the World War II.

The physical concept of a " diplomatic bag " is flexible and therefore can take many forms e. g., a cardboard box, briefcase, duffel bag, large suitcase, crate or even a shipping container.

In recent years soft-balancing has emerged as a new concept of illustrating how states balance powerful actors, which advocates the use of economic and diplomatic tools to constrain the most powerful state and inhibit their exertion of power and dominance.

For non-state organizations, however, the reciprocation of diplomatic recognition by other jurisdictions is difficult, as diplomacy tends to establish the concept of recognition upon an assumed sovereignty over geographical territory ; the SMOM, in this case, receives diplomats at its headquarters in Rome, as all pernanent missions to the SMOM are jointly accredited as permanent missions to the Holy See.

Since the 1980s, the mainstream within the PLO have taken the concept of territorial and diplomatic compromise seriously and have showed serious interest in a two-state solution.

Although the initial reaction of the Palestinians and of the neighboring Arab states was not encouraging, after 1993 diplomatic pressure from the USA, the USSR, European countries, and the United Nations served to begin the process of almost institutionalizing the concept of the two-state solution as the only decent approach to the problem.

The British Ambassador to Italy claimed in a diplomatic dispatch that Steed's fondness for the Yugoslav concept deprived from a relationship he maintained for a number of years " filially I believe rather maritally " with a Slavic woman from the Balkans.

Even before the concept of immunity ( from immunis, Latin for " exempt ") was developed, numerous early physicians characterized organs that would later prove to be part of the immune system.

Liberty is generally considered a concept of political philosophy that seeks to identify the conditions in which an individual has immunity from the arbitrary exercise of authority.

The hidden immunity idol has been a source of debate between fans, as some feel it adds a layer of excitement to the game and allows alliances to flip by taking out power players, while others feel it interferes with the game's core concept and allows for cheap eliminations, especially if the next highest vote-getter only received 1 or 2 votes.

This legal convention mirrors the concept of sovereign immunity which evolved in similar constitutional monarchies.

The legal concept of sovereign immunity evolved into other aspects of immunity law in similar liberal democracies, such as parliamentary immunity, judicial immunity, and qualified immunity in the United States.

Charaka was the first physician to present the concept of digestion, metabolism and immunity.

The concept of immunity has intrigued mankind for thousands of years.

The first written descriptions of the concept of immunity may have been made by the Athenian Thucydides who, in 430 BC, described that when the plague hit Athens “ the sick and the dying were tended by the pitying care of those who had recovered, because they knew the course of the disease and were themselves free from apprehensions.

The concept of humoral immunity developed based on analysis of antibacterial activity of the components of serum.

A related concept is Mithridatism, which refers to the willful exposure to toxins in an attempt to develop immunity against them.

In Kershaw's viewpoint, Broszat's Resistenz ( immunity ) concept works well in an Alltagsgeschichte approach, but works less well in the field of high politics, and moreover by focusing only on the " effect " of one's actions, fails to consider the crucial element of the " intention " behind one's actions.

Through his work on the " Bavaria Project ", Broszat formed the concept of Resistenz ( immunity ), which is not to be confused with resistance ( in German Widerstand ).

Klaus-Jürgen Müller argued that the term Widerstand should apply only to those having a " will to overcome the system " and that Broszat's Resistenz concept did too much to muddy the waters between by speaking of societal " immunity " to the regime.

Nothing can show more than this the immensity of the danger to democratic peoples that lies in even relatively slight deviation from their true concept of sovereignty.

The one of 1861 made clear that in making their government the people were acting through their states, whereas the Preamble of 1787-89 expressed, as clearly as language can, the opposite concept, that they were acting directly as citizens.

A unified concept can serve as a guide to budgeting and, if public support is gained, will command Congressional support.

The force vector concept of Fig. 6 can readily be applied to this condition also.

The entire concept of cerebral imagery as the physical basis of a mental image can find no logical support.

and even then, it is a concept that can be highly misleading.

It is a traditional virtue in many cultures, and a core aspect of various religious traditions, though the concept of ' others ' toward whom concern should be directed can vary among cultures and religions.

In 2009, the American Anthropological Association's Commission on the Engagement of Anthropology with the US Security and Intelligence Communities released its final report concluding, in part, that, " When ethnographic investigation is determined by military missions, not subject to external review, where data collection occurs in the context of war, integrated into the goals of counterinsurgency, and in a potentially coercive environment – all characteristic factors of the HTS concept and its application – it can no longer be considered a legitimate professional exercise of anthropology.

Ramsey ( 2004: 340 ) stated that " the genetic relationship between Korean and Japanese, if it in fact exists, is probably more complex and distant than we can imagine on the basis of our present state of knowledge ", a concept later restated by Lee ( 2011 ).

A choice function is a function f, defined on a collection X of nonempty sets, such that for every set s in X, f ( s ) is an element of s. With this concept, the axiom can be stated:

The concept occurs when a unit of meaning can vary in sound without changing meaning.

I think religion serves a lot of different purposes in people's lives, and I can recognize the value of that, you know, the value of ceremony, the value of community, or even just having a forum to get together and talk about ideas, about morals – that's a cool concept.

The desire to create air portable armoured vehicles that can still take on conventional MBTs has usually resulted ATGM armed light vehicles or in protected / armoured / mobile gun system style vehicles in which a lack of armour protection being in part offset by the provision of a first look / first hit / first kill capability through the mating of a powerful gun to superior targeting electronics, a concept similar in operation to that of the US tank destroyers of WWII.

A recently described example of this concept in action can be seen in the development of a lung cancer called NCI-H460.

There is nothing we can add to a concept in order to make it represent the object as existing ; what happens if we add anything to it is that it represents something else.

Thus, the experience of an apple is as close to the Apple concept that one can get.

According to this understanding, the self can not be reduced to a bundle because there is nothing that answers to the concept of a self.

Blissymbols or Blissymbolics was conceived as an ideographic writing system called Semantography consisting of several hundred basic symbols, each representing a concept, which can be composed together to generate new symbols that represent new concepts.

Although the game had " incredible role-playing potential ", the concept of role-playing rabbits can be viewed as bizarre, and as such at least one commentator believes that " most people thought it was stupid " when it was first released.

Breatharianism is a related concept, in which believers claim food and possibly water are not necessary, and that humans can be sustained solely by prana ( the vital life force in Hinduism ), or, according to some, by the energy in sunlight ( according to Ayurveda, sunlight is one of the main sources of prana ).

But these synonyms can at least help us to get a fix on the concept we are talking about.

The fundamental concept of cognitive science is " that thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures.

Issues of concern in the philosophy of consciousness include whether the concept is fundamentally valid ; whether consciousness can ever be explained mechanistically ; whether non-human consciousness exists and if so how it can be recognized ; how consciousness relates to language ; and whether it may ever be possible for computers or robots to be conscious.

Extending this concept to all sentient beings, one can measure a range of consciousness based on how many and how powerfully neurons are actually firing, varying from worms to humans.