) The mosques that were built after the conquest of Constantinople ( Istanbul ) by the Ottoman Turks in 1453, and influenced by the design of the 6th century Byzantine basilica of Hagia Sophia, had increasingly elevated and large central domes, which create a vertical emphasis that is intended to be more overwhelming ; in order to convey the divine power of Allah, the majesty of the Ottoman Sultan, and the governmental authority of the Ottoman State.

* Constantinople details the history of the city before the Turkish conquest of 1453.

Map of Constantinople ( 1422 ) by Florentine cartographer Cristoforo Buondelmonti is the oldest surviving map of the city, and the only one that predates the Turkish conquest of the city in 1453

Constantinople is also of great religious importance to Islam, as the conquest of Constantinople is one of the signs of the End time in Islam.

After the capture of Constantinople ( also called the Eastern Roman Empire ) in 1453, the Ottoman sultan's also styled themselves Kaysar-i Rum ( Emperor of the Romans ) as they asserted themselves to be the heirs to the Roman empire by right of conquest.

The Great Turkish Bombard | Sultani Cannon, a very heavy bronze muzzle-loading cannon of type used by Ottoman Empire in the Fall of Constantinople | conquest of Constantinople, in 1453.

For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date ; depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1492, conquest of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453, or the Protestant Reformation in 1517 are sometimes used.

With the conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed II in 1453, the Ottoman state became an empire.

With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective.

The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II cemented the status of the Empire as the preeminent power in southeastern Europe and the eastern Mediterranean.

One important reason was the need to overcome the expensive eastern trade routes, dominated first by the republics of Venice and Genoa in the Mediterranean, and then controlled by the Ottoman Empire after the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, barring European access, and going through North Africa and the historically important combined-land-sea routes via the Red Sea.

The Patriarchs of Constantinople and of Antioch participated in person, whereas the patriarchates of Alexandria and Jerusalem were represented by Byzantine appointees ( because of the Arab conquest there was at this date no patriarch in either of these sees ).

The Patriarch was subject to the authority of the Ottoman Empire after the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, until the declaration of Turkish Republic in 1923.

Soon afterwards, Mehmed II began agitating for the conquest of Constantinople.

The haste with which the Danes resumed their attack on Norse Dublin before consolidating their control of Saxon England indicates that the entire Danish invasion was not primarily aimed at the conquest of Saxon England, but to secure a North Sea base of operations to use as a springboard in the conflict with the Norwegians, who controlled an extensive trade network in the Orkney Islands, the Hebrides, the Isle of Man, the Isle of Wight, and Ireland, which exported goods as the Danes did, from the British Isles south-east through Kievan Rus as far as Constantinople and Baghdad, following the Dniepr from the Baltic to the Black Sea.

After Michael's conquest of Constantinople on July 25, 1261, John IV was left behind at Nicaea, and was later blinded on Michael's orders on his eleventh birthday, December 25, 1261.

: The conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans signalled the end of the Byzantine empire ; the Battle of Castillon concluded the Hundred Years ' War.

English translation by William Weaver, New York: Harcourt 2002, ISBN 0-15-100690-3 ) is set partly at Constantinople during the Crusader conquest.

Baldwin I ( July 1172 – ), the first emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, as Baldwin IX Count of Flanders and as Baldwin VI Count of Hainaut, was one of the most prominent leaders of the Fourth Crusade, which resulted in the capture of Constantinople, the conquest of the greater part of the Byzantine Empire ( then called the " Empire of Romania " by westerners ), and the foundation of the Latin Empire, also known as Romania ( not to be confused with the modern state Romania ).

This ultimately led to the conquest and sack of Constantinople on April 13, 1204, an event at which Dandolo was present and in which he played a directing role.

The real tomb was destroyed by the Turks after the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 and subsequent conversion of Hagia Sophia into a mosque.

Darius thus began to contemplate the complete conquest of Greece, beginning with the destruction of Athens and Eretria.

The Islamic conquest of Afghanistan ( 642 – 870 ) began in the middle of the 7th century after the Islamic conquest of Persia was completed, when Arab Muslims defeated the Sassanid Empire at the battles of Walaja, al-Qādisiyyah and Nahavand.

In his commentary on Daniel 8: 14 published in 1831, he stated that the 2, 300-year period should be calculated from 334 BC, the year Alexander the Great began his conquest of the Persian Empire.

Following Christopher Columbus's discovery of the Americas for Spain, the Spanish sent numerous expeditions to the region, and they began their conquest of Maya lands in the 1520s.

During his reign the Empire conquered Thrace, Noricum, Pamphylia, Lycia and Judaea, and began the conquest of Britain.

Divine representations of the Cernunnos type are exceptions to the often-expressed view that the Celts only began to picture their gods in human form after the Roman conquest of Gaul.

The conquest of Ecuador began in 1463 under the leadership of the ninth Inca, the great warrior Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui.

Attempts to conquer Prussian land began in 997, when Bolesław I Chrobry, at the urging of the Pope, sent a contingent of soldiers and a missionary ( Adalbert of Prague ) to the pagan Prussians on a crusade of conquest and conversion.

The conquest began in 1402, commanded by Jean de Béthencourt and Gadifer de la Salle.

After initial successes ( mainly the conquest of western Poland, much of Scandinavia, France and the Balkans before 1941 ) the Axis powers began to over-extend themselves in 1941.

Beginning in 1226, the Teutonic Knights began their conquest of Prussia.

Spanish imperial conquest and colonization began with two Castilian expeditions.

In AD 43 the Roman conquest of Britain began ; the Romans maintained control of their province of Britannia through to the 5th century.

Originally the Babylonian calendar was used by Jews for all daily purposes, but following the conquest of Jerusalem by Pompey in 63 BCE ( see also Iudaea province ), Jews began additionally following the imperial civil calendar, which was decreed in 45 BCE, for civic matters such as the payment of taxes and dealings with government officials.

Sonni Ali, a Songhai, began his conquest by capturing Timbuktu in 1468 from the Tuareg.

Meanwhile, one of his legions began the conquest of the tribes in the far north ( directly opposite Britain ).

The Islamic conquest of Afghanistan began from Herat, which was one of the important cities of Greater Khorasan | Khorasan, and made its way to Kabul in the late 7th century.

" It was from here that Babur began his 1526 conquest of Hindustan, which began east of the Indus River that was ruled by the Afghan Lodi dynasty at the time.

Although penetration beyond the coast and the Senegal River began in earnest under Louis Faidherbe, governor of Senegal in the mid-19th century, European conquest or " pacification " of the entire country did not begin until 1900.

King Prithvi Narayan Shah's victory march began with the conquest of Nuwakot, which lies between Kathmandu and Gorkha, in 1744.

In 1242, under the leadership of the master of the Livonian Order Andrew of Groningen, the crusaders began the military conquest of Courland.

The cultivation of European music in the Americas began in the 16th century soon after the arrival of the Spanish, and the conquest of Mexico.