The Twenty-second Soviet Communist Party Congress opens in Moscow today in a situation contrasting sharply with the script prepared many months ago when this meeting was first announced.

And there must be many Soviet citizens who know what is going on and who realize that before they can hope to enjoy the full life promised for 1980 they and their children must first survive.

It cannot be said that our very first day in the Soviet Union turned out to be an ordinary one.

Under Yakov Segal's direction, it begins stirringly, as crouching Soviet and Nazi troops silently scan each other, waiting for the first surrender gesture.

* 1961 – The Russian ( Soviet ) cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to travel into outer space and perform the first manned orbital flight, in Vostok 3KA-2 ( Vostok 1 ).

* 1961 – K-19, the first Soviet nuclear submarine equipped with nuclear missiles, is commissioned.

In 1969, Karpov became the first Soviet player since Spassky ( 1955 ) to win the World Junior Chess Championship, scoring an undefeated 10 / 11 in the finals at Stockholm.

On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to fly in space, reinforcing American fears about being left behind in a technological competition with the Soviet Union.

* 1977 – The Soviet icebreaker Arktika became the first surface ship to reach the North Pole.

* 1953 – Nuclear weapons testing: the Soviet atomic bomb project continues with the detonation of Joe 4, the first Soviet thermonuclear weapon.

* 1957 – The Soviet Union successfully conducts a long-range test flight of the R-7 Semyorka, the first intercontinental ballistic missile.

* 1949 – Soviet atomic bomb project: The Soviet Union tests its first atomic bomb, known as First Lightning or Joe 1, at Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan.

The first IFV was the Soviet BMP-1, which surprised western intelligence analysts when it appeared in a military parade in 1967.

* 1922 – Joseph Stalin becomes the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

The first Soviet atomic device was tested on August 29, 1949.

After moving to Sarov in 1950, Sakharov played a key role in the development of the first megaton-range Soviet hydrogen bomb using a design known as " Sakharov's Third Idea " in Russia and the Teller-Ulam design in the United States.

" At first I thought, despite everything that I saw with my own eyes, that the Soviet state was a breakthrough into the future, a kind of prototype for all countries ".

He helped to initiate the first independent legal political organizations and became prominent in the Soviet Union's growing political opposition.

Andrei Sakharov with a group of Soviet dissidents, Sakharov is the first from right, the first from the left is Naum Meiman from Moscow Helsinki Group

The Jewish University is the first degree-granting institution of Jewish studies in the former Soviet Union.

Stevens was grunting over the last empty pocket when Russ abruptly rose and lunged toward Carmer's hat, which had tumbled half-a-dozen feet away when he first fell.

* 1514 Virgil ( the first of the italic type pocket octavo editions )

The first American-made pocket-sized calculator, the Bowmar 901B ( popularly referred to as The Bowmar Brain ), measuring 5. 2 × 3. 0 × 1. 5 in ( 131 × 77 × 37 mm ), came out in the Autumn of 1971, with four functions and an eight-digit red LED display, for $ 240, while in August 1972 the four-function Sinclair Executive became the first slimline pocket calculator measuring 5. 4 × 2. 2 × 0. 35 in ( 138 × 56 × 9 mm ) and weighing 2. 5 oz ( 70g ).

Launched in early 1972 it was unlike the other basic four-function pocket calculators then available in that it was the first pocket calculator with scientific functions that could replace a slide rule.

Their first calculator, the Loan Arranger ( 1978 ) was a pocket calculator marketed to the Real Estate industry with preprogrammed functions to simplify the process of calculating payments and future values.

The HP-65, the first programmable pocket calculator

The first programmable pocket calculator was the HP-65, in 1974 ; it had a capacity of 100 instructions, and could store and retrieve programs with a built-in magnetic card reader.

Some variants enclose almost the entire arrow, while minimalist " pocket quivers " consist of little more than a small stiff pouch that only covers the first few inches.

The Thames-free 2009 version was the first time that the river has not appeared on the Tube map since the Stringemore pocket map of 1926.

Depending on how broadly one defines both wearable and computer, the first wearable computer could be as early as the first abacus on a string, or, later, a 16th century pocket watch.

After spending several years as assistant editor of Practical Wireless and Instrument Practice, Sinclair founded Sinclair Radionics in 1961, where he produced the first slim-line electronic pocket calculator in 1972 ( the Sinclair Executive ).

The first self-winding mechanism was invented for pocket watches in 1770 by Abraham-Louis Perrelet, but the first " self-winding ", or " automatic ", wristwatch was the invention of a British watch repairer named John Harwood in 1923.

The first digital mechanical pocket watches appeared in late 19th century.

Because of its number-one position in what became a very long list of pocket editions, Lost Horizon is often mistakenly called the first American paperback book when in fact paperbacks had been around since the mid-1800s.

What made Pocket Books # 1 of revolutionary importance was that it had the distinction of being the very first " mass-market " paperback ; " mass-market " paperbacks allowed people of modest means not just to own books they otherwise might not have been able to afford, it also made it possible for them to slip the paperback into their pocket for casual reading on the go, hence the name " Pocket Book.

According to Kevin Brownlow and David Gill's documentary series Unknown Chaplin, the first scenes to be written and filmed take place in what became the movie's second half, in which the penniless Tramp finds a coin and goes for a meal in a restaurant, not realising that the coin has fallen out of his pocket.

On 28 May, Hitler called a meeting of his service chiefs where he ordered an acceleration of U-boat construction and brought forward the construction of his first two battleships, Bismarck and Tirpitz, to spring 1940, and demanded that the increase in the firepower of the pocket battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau be accelerated.

The leading publisher and printer of the Venetian High Renaissance, Aldus set up a definite scheme of book design, produced the first italic type, introduced small and handy pocket editions ( octavos ) of the classics, and applied several innovations in binding technique and design for use on a broad scheme.

Beef tripe is usually made from only the first three chambers of a cow's stomach: the rumen ( blanket / flat / smooth tripe ), the reticulum ( honeycomb and pocket tripe ), and the omasum ( book / bible / leaf tripe ).

During one commercial spot, Anacin offered a free pocket mirror to the first 200 viewers who wrote in requesting one.

Germany introduced its first battery-powered torpedo shortly before World War II, the G7e.

The Galvin brothers purchased a battery eliminator business in 1928 and the corporation's first product was a battery eliminator that allowed vacuum tube battery-powered radios to run on standard household electric current ( see also Rogers Majestic Batteryless Radio ).

* The first battery-powered watch, the Hamilton Electric 500, was released in 1957 by the Hamilton Watch Company.

They also allowed for battery-powered RAM, which let players save progress for the first time on any system or game.

At first, Studebaker opted for electric ( battery-powered ) over gasoline propulsion.

In ships and small boats, RDF receivers first employed large metal loop antennae, similar to aircraft, but usually mounted atop a portable battery-powered receiver.

It wasn't until 1985 that Kaypro began producing IBM compatible MS-DOS machines, the Kaypro 16 ( transportable, same form factor as the Kaypro II ), the Kaypro PC, Kaypro 286i ( the first 286 IBM PC AT compatible ), the Kaypro 386, and the Kaypro 2000 ( a rugged aluminum-body battery-powered laptop with a detachable keyboard ).

was a brand used by Panasonic Corporation ( formerly Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd .) to sell home appliances, personal appliances, and industrial appliances and was the first name used by Konosuke Matsushita's electric firm to sell his battery-powered bicycle lamps, hoping that they would be a product used by all of Japan, hence the name " National ".

At first, Matsushita could not get wholesalers interested in his products as they were skepical of the concept of using a battery-powered lamp.

The Macintosh Portable was Apple Inc .' s first battery-powered portable Macintosh personal computer.

1901 Cowen developed the first Lionel train — a battery-powered “ Electric Express .”

Shortly afterward, Kyocera introduced one of the first portable, battery-powered laptop computers, sold in the U. S. as the Tandy Model 100, which featured an LCD screen and telephone-modem data transfer capability.

In 2005, Ocean Bottom Nodes / Seismic ( OBN / OBS )-an extension of the OBC method that uses battery-powered cableless receivers placed in deep water-was first trialled over the Atlantis Oil Field in a partnership between BP and Fairfield Industries.

* Nissan Leaf, the first ( only, as of December 2011 ) battery-powered car to break 15, 000 sales in the United States

Stemming from this need, Bakken modified a design for a transistorized metronome to create the first battery-powered external artificial pacemaker.

In 1958, Lillehei was responsible for the world's first use of a small, external, portable, battery-powered pacemaker.

A secondary, typically battery-powered sump pump can operate if the first pump fails.

The continuing availability of the train system was thrown into doubt in 2006, with the release of the first ' remote control ' train sets, which used battery-powered motors and did not have metal conducting strips in the tracks.