The Twenty-second Soviet Communist Party Congress opens in Moscow today in a situation contrasting sharply with the script prepared many months ago when this meeting was first announced.

And there must be many Soviet citizens who know what is going on and who realize that before they can hope to enjoy the full life promised for 1980 they and their children must first survive.

It cannot be said that our very first day in the Soviet Union turned out to be an ordinary one.

Under Yakov Segal's direction, it begins stirringly, as crouching Soviet and Nazi troops silently scan each other, waiting for the first surrender gesture.

* 1961 – The Russian ( Soviet ) cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to travel into outer space and perform the first manned orbital flight, in Vostok 3KA-2 ( Vostok 1 ).

* 1961 – K-19, the first Soviet nuclear submarine equipped with nuclear missiles, is commissioned.

In 1969, Karpov became the first Soviet player since Spassky ( 1955 ) to win the World Junior Chess Championship, scoring an undefeated 10 / 11 in the finals at Stockholm.

On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to fly in space, reinforcing American fears about being left behind in a technological competition with the Soviet Union.

* 1977 – The Soviet icebreaker Arktika became the first surface ship to reach the North Pole.

* 1953 – Nuclear weapons testing: the Soviet atomic bomb project continues with the detonation of Joe 4, the first Soviet thermonuclear weapon.

* 1957 – The Soviet Union successfully conducts a long-range test flight of the R-7 Semyorka, the first intercontinental ballistic missile.

* 1949 – Soviet atomic bomb project: The Soviet Union tests its first atomic bomb, known as First Lightning or Joe 1, at Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan.

The first IFV was the Soviet BMP-1, which surprised western intelligence analysts when it appeared in a military parade in 1967.

* 1922 – Joseph Stalin becomes the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

After moving to Sarov in 1950, Sakharov played a key role in the development of the first megaton-range Soviet hydrogen bomb using a design known as " Sakharov's Third Idea " in Russia and the Teller-Ulam design in the United States.

" At first I thought, despite everything that I saw with my own eyes, that the Soviet state was a breakthrough into the future, a kind of prototype for all countries ".

He helped to initiate the first independent legal political organizations and became prominent in the Soviet Union's growing political opposition.

Andrei Sakharov with a group of Soviet dissidents, Sakharov is the first from right, the first from the left is Naum Meiman from Moscow Helsinki Group

The Jewish University is the first degree-granting institution of Jewish studies in the former Soviet Union.

-- Vital secrets of Britain's first atomic submarine, the Dreadnought, and, by implication, of the entire United States navy's still-building nuclear sub fleet, were stolen by a London-based soviet spy ring, secret service agents testified today.

It has a hull patterned on that of the United States navy's Nautilus, the world's first atomic submarine.

The trial will be held, probably the first week of March, in the famous Old Bailey central criminal court where Klaus Fuchs, the naturalized British German born scientist who succeeded in giving American and British atomic bomb secrets to Russia and thereby changed world history during the 1950s, was sentenced to 14 years in prison.

Atomic timekeeping services started experimentally in 1955, using the first caesium atomic clock at the National Physical Laboratory, UK ( NPL ).

Nevertheless, in spite of Rutherford's estimation that gold had a central charge of about 100 ( but was element Z = 79 on the periodic table ), a month after Rutherford's paper appeared, Antonius van den Broek first formally suggested that the central charge and number of electrons in an atom was exactly equal to its place in the periodic table ( also known as element number, atomic number, and symbolized Z ).

Giesel, on the other hand, can rightfully be credited with the first preparation of radiochemically pure actinium and with the identification of its atomic number 89.

The first Abstract Expressionists were considered madmen to give up their brushes and rely on the sheer force of energy to leave an image, but then the import of atomic bombs, all atomic energy, became realized, and art found no better way of expressing its power.

The shapes of the first five atomic orbitals: 1s, 2s, 2p < sub > x </ sub >, 2p < sub > y </ sub >, and 2p < sub > z </ sub >.

Cysteine is unusual since it has a sulfur atom at the second position in its side-chain, which has a larger atomic mass than the groups attached to the first carbon, which is attached to the α-carbon in the other standard amino acids, thus the ( R ) instead of ( S ).

" Ever since the time of my ancestor Ali, the first Imam, that is to say over a period of thirteen hundred years, it has always been the tradition of our family that each Imam chooses his successor at his absolute and unfettered discretion from amongst any of his descendants, whether they be sons or remote male issue and in these circumstances and in view of the fundamentally altered conditions in the world in very recent years due to the great changes which have taken place including the discoveries of atomic science, I am convinced that it is in the best interest of the Shia Muslim Ismailia Community that I should be succeeded by a young man who has been brought up and developed during recent years and in the midst of the new age and who brings a new outlook on life to his office as Imam.

* 1982 – The synthetic chemical element Meitnerium, atomic number 109, is first synthesized at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany.

The atom probe is closely related to the method of Field Ion Microscopy, which is the first microscopic method to achieve atomic resolution, occurring in 1951.

Thus the discovery report by the Berkeley group reads: " It is suggested that element 97 be given the name berkelium ( symbol Bk ) after the city of Berkeley in a manner similar to that used in naming its chemical homologue terbium ( atomic number 65 ) whose name was derived from the town of Ytterby, Sweden, where the rare earth minerals were first found.

While protons and neutrons combined to form the first atomic nuclei only a few minutes after the Big Bang, it would take thousands of years for electrons to combine with them and create electrically neutral atoms.

The Eastern leaders retaliated against these steps by integrating the economies of their nations in Comecon, their version of the Marshall Plan ; exploding the first Soviet atomic device in 1949 ; signing an alliance with People's Republic of China in February 1950 ; and forming the Warsaw Pact, Eastern Europe's counterpart to NATO, in 1955.

Chemical elements may also be categorized by their origin on Earth, with the first 98 considered to be naturally occurring, while those with atomic numbers beyond 98 have only been produced artificially as the synthetic products of man-made nuclear reactions.

Human technology has produced various additional elements beyond these first 98, with those through atomic number 118 now known.

In the early 1950s, the first semi-empirical atomic orbital calculations were carried out.

The determination of molecular structure by geometry optimization became routine only after efficient methods for calculating the first derivatives of the energy with respect to all atomic coordinates became available.

Given is each element's name, atomic number, year of first report, name of the discoverer, and some notes related to the discovery.

In the field of entertainment there is no spur to financial daring so effective as audience boredom, and the first decade of the new device was not over before audiences began staying away in large numbers from the simple-minded, one-minute shows.

Babbage's first attempt at a mechanical computing device, the Difference Engine, was a special-purpose calculator designed to tabulate logarithms and trigonometric functions by evaluating finite differences to create approximating polynomials.

The Atanasoff – Berry Computer ( ABC ) was the first electronic digital computing device.

J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly were the first to patent a digital computing device, the ENIAC.

* 1894 – The first ever commercial motion picture house opened in New York City using ten Kinetoscopes, a device for peep-show viewing of films.

His last group of operas, composed for Rome, exhibit a deeper poetic feeling, a broad and dignified style of melody, a strong dramatic sense, especially in accompanied recitatives, a device which he himself had been the first to use as early as 1686 ( Olimpia vendicata ) and a much more modern style of orchestration, the horns appearing for the first time, and being treated with striking effect.

The term ' bootstrapping ' is related to building a security relation with a previously unknown device first and to allow installing security elements ( keys ) in the device and the BSF afterwards.

Additionally, Elihu's first spoken words are a confession of his youthful status, being much younger than the three canonical friends, including a claim to be speaking because he cannot bear to remain silent ; it has been suggested that this interesting statement may have been symbolic of a " younger " ( that is to say, later and interpolating ) writer, who has written Elihu's sermon to respond to what he views as morally and theologically scandalous statements being made within the book of Job, and creating the literary device of Elihu to provide what seemed to be a faith-based response to further refute heresy and provide a counter-argument, a need partially provided by God's ambiguous and unspecific response to Job at the end of the book.

A description of how the device could be used as a shift register and as a linear and area imaging devices was described in this first entry.

The first experimental device demonstrating the principle was a row of closely spaced metal squares on an oxidized silicon surface electrically accessed by wire bonds.

Fairchild's effort, led by ex-Bell researcher Gil Amelio, was the first with commercial devices, and by 1974 had a linear 500-element device and a 2-D 100 x 100 pixel device.

The first KH-11 KENNAN reconnaissance satellite equipped with charge-coupled device array ( pixels ) technology for imaging was launched in December 1976.

The first feedback control device on record is thought to be the ancient Ktesibios's water clock in Alexandria, Egypt around the third century B. C.

2, with the character of Bill noting that Superman was not born into his alter ego ( Spider-Man was " Peter Parker " first, Batman was born " Bruce Wayne "), using the blanket he was wrapped in as his costume, and Clark Kent is a collage of mankind's less impressive traits meant to blend in with other humans ( as well as a device to pursue Lois Lane's affections ).

According to the relational interpretation of quantum mechanics, first proposed by Carlo Rovelli, observations such as those in the double-slit experiment result specifically from the interaction between the observer ( measuring device ) and the object being observed ( physically interacted with ), not any absolute property possessed by the object.

The Doctor V64 unit was the first commercially available backup device for the Nintendo 64 unit.

The first electrical engineer was probably William Gilbert who designed the versorium: a device that detected the presence of statically charged objects.

* " Dear Dad ", episode twelve of the first season of M * A * S * H, used the framing device of a letter written by Hawkeye Pierce to his father to describe the events of the episode.

The first films made using this device were Tipsy, Topsy, Turvy and The Awkward Sign Painter.

* Miguel de Cervantes claims that all chapters but the first in Don Quixote are translated from an Arabic manuscript by Cide Hamete Benengeli, parodying a plot device of chivalry books.