The essential characteristic of an optimal policy when the state of the stream is transformed in a sequence of stages with no feedback was first isolated by Bellman.

The film earned Coppola positive feedback and provided Kathleen Turner her first and only Oscar nomination.

The first preview the following month ran 210 minutes and, despite ecstatic feedback from the audience, Cukor and editor Folmar Blangsted trimmed it to 182 minutes for its New York premiere in October.

In some cases this may be desirable, but in other cases this could be due to an accident, such as when a user does not realize that their action will result in sending another request, or they did not receive adequate feedback that their first request was successful.

At first release, Nixon in China received mostly mixed if not negative press feedback.

An op-amp, defined as a general-purpose, DC-coupled, high gain, inverting feedback amplifier, is first found in " Summing Amplifier " filed by Karl D. Swartzel Jr. of Bell Labs in 1941.

The first half of their performance consisted of rock standards, and during the second half, Ono took the microphone and along with the band performed an avant garde set, ending with music that consisted mainly of feedback, while Ono screamed and sang.

As a result of feedback, the decreased production of heme leads to increased production of precursors, PBG being one of the first substances in the porphyrin synthesis pathway.

During the first year of Syncom 2 operations, NASA conducted voice, teletype, and facsimile tests, as well as 110 public demonstrations to show the capabilities of this satellite and invite feedback.

Soon after its first public release in 1992, Stabell and Schouten began receiving feedback, suggestions, and patches from players all around the world.

The output transistor is not allowed to saturate ( i. e. its base-collector junction must remain reverse-biased ) because the first transistor, when saturated, establishes full ( 100 %) parallel negative feedback between the collector and the base of the second transistor.

With behavioral regulation, first compare the goal with feedback.

The first is that the model's negative feedback loops are identified by " C's ," which stand for " Counteracting " loops.

When asked who first used feedback, Deep Purple guitarist Ritchie Blackmore said, " Pete Townshend was definitely the first.

" Similarly, when Jimmy Page was asked about the development of guitar feedback, he said, " I don't know who really did feedback first ; it just sort of happened.

The very first commercially available recording of the Velvet Underground, an instrumental track called " Loop " given away with Aspen Magazine, was a feedback experiment written and conducted by Cale.

The album was initially released in the Netherlands and obtained positive feedback ; it is also worthy of notice that the band's mascot, the paladin Hector, first appeared on the cover of this album.

In other words, deficits would increase by nearly the same amount as the tax cut in the first five years, with limited feedback revenue thereafter.

Audio feedback or acoustic feedback, often referred to simply as " feedback ", ( also known as the Larsen effect after the Danish scientist, Søren Absalon Larsen, who first discovered its principles ) is a special kind of positive feedback which occurs when a sound loop exists between an audio input ( for example, a microphone or guitar pickup ) and an audio output ( for example, a loudspeaker ).

`` Speed in painting a picture is valid only when it imparts spontaneity and crispness, but unless the artist has lots of experience so that he can control rapid execution, he would do well to take these first sketches and soberly reorder their design to achieve a unified composition.

She then described her experience as one in which she first had difficulty accepting for herself a state of being in which she relinquished control.

The first cattle the Injuns saw under the white man's control were the ox teams of the early freighters.

When he finally got the coughing under control, he realized that Pete ( all he gave was his first name ) was still waiting for an answer -- he didn't even seem to wink as he continued to stare.

The first two columns ( 32 positions ) were reserved for control characters.

After what the MCC saw as the problems of the earlier professional and amateur series they decided to take control of organising tours themselves, and this led to the first MCC tour of Australia in 1903 – 04.

The first case recorded of the partial exemption of an abbot from episcopal control is that of Faustus, abbot of Lerins, at the council of Arles, AD 456 ; but the exorbitant claims and exactions of bishops, to which this repugnance to episcopal control is to be traced, far more than to the arrogance of abbots, rendered it increasingly frequent, and, in the 6th century, the practice of exempting religious houses partly or altogether from episcopal control, and making them responsible to the pope alone, received an impulse from Pope Gregory the Great.

The Analytical Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for a general-purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing-complete.

The treaty was the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War.

Today automated flight control is common to reduce pilot error and workload at key times like landing or takeoff. Autopilot was first invented by Lawrence Sperry during World War II to fly bomber planes steady enough to hit precision targets from 25, 000 feet.

The first simple commercial auto-pilots were used to control heading and altitude and had limited authority on things like thrust and flight control surfaces.

Stilicho is alleged by some to have wanted control of both Emperors, and is supposed to have had Rufinus assassinated by Gothic mercenaries in 395 ; though definite proof of Stilicho's involvement in the assassination is lacking, the intense competition and political jealousies engendered by the two figures compose the main thread of the first part of Arcadius ' reign.

When problems with poor control at high speed were first encountered, they were addressed by designing a new style of control surface with more power.

After a failed health care reform attempt, Republicans won control of Congress in 1994, for the first time in forty years.

The election gave Democrats full control of the United States Congress, the first time one party controlled both the executive and legislative branches since Democrats held the 95th United States Congress during the Jimmy Carter presidency in the late 1970s.

After two years of Democratic Party control, the Democrats lost control of Congress in the mid-term elections in 1994, for the first time in forty years.

During the first 10 years of Lukashenko's presidency, most of the Belarusian media outlets ( newspapers, radio, television ) were brought under the control of the state.

Therefore, when played by experts, Dots and Boxes becomes a battle for control: An expert player tries to force their opponent to start the first long chain.

GM maize-fed rats were compared first to their respective isogenic or parental non-GM equivalent control groups, followed by comparison to six reference groups, which had consumed various other non-GM maize varieties.

If your side has two aces and a void, then you are not at risk of losing the first two tricks, so long as ( a ) your void is useful ( i. e., does not duplicate the function of an ace that your side holds ) and ( b ) you are not vulnerable to the loss of the first two tricks in the fourth suit ( because, for instance, one of the partnership hands holds a singleton in that suit or the protected king, giving your side second round control ).

In the field of entertainment there is no spur to financial daring so effective as audience boredom, and the first decade of the new device was not over before audiences began staying away in large numbers from the simple-minded, one-minute shows.

Babbage's first attempt at a mechanical computing device, the Difference Engine, was a special-purpose calculator designed to tabulate logarithms and trigonometric functions by evaluating finite differences to create approximating polynomials.

The Atanasoff – Berry Computer ( ABC ) was the first electronic digital computing device.

J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly were the first to patent a digital computing device, the ENIAC.

* 1894 – The first ever commercial motion picture house opened in New York City using ten Kinetoscopes, a device for peep-show viewing of films.

His last group of operas, composed for Rome, exhibit a deeper poetic feeling, a broad and dignified style of melody, a strong dramatic sense, especially in accompanied recitatives, a device which he himself had been the first to use as early as 1686 ( Olimpia vendicata ) and a much more modern style of orchestration, the horns appearing for the first time, and being treated with striking effect.

The first Soviet atomic device was tested on August 29, 1949.

The term ' bootstrapping ' is related to building a security relation with a previously unknown device first and to allow installing security elements ( keys ) in the device and the BSF afterwards.

Additionally, Elihu's first spoken words are a confession of his youthful status, being much younger than the three canonical friends, including a claim to be speaking because he cannot bear to remain silent ; it has been suggested that this interesting statement may have been symbolic of a " younger " ( that is to say, later and interpolating ) writer, who has written Elihu's sermon to respond to what he views as morally and theologically scandalous statements being made within the book of Job, and creating the literary device of Elihu to provide what seemed to be a faith-based response to further refute heresy and provide a counter-argument, a need partially provided by God's ambiguous and unspecific response to Job at the end of the book.

The Eastern leaders retaliated against these steps by integrating the economies of their nations in Comecon, their version of the Marshall Plan ; exploding the first Soviet atomic device in 1949 ; signing an alliance with People's Republic of China in February 1950 ; and forming the Warsaw Pact, Eastern Europe's counterpart to NATO, in 1955.

A description of how the device could be used as a shift register and as a linear and area imaging devices was described in this first entry.

The first experimental device demonstrating the principle was a row of closely spaced metal squares on an oxidized silicon surface electrically accessed by wire bonds.

Fairchild's effort, led by ex-Bell researcher Gil Amelio, was the first with commercial devices, and by 1974 had a linear 500-element device and a 2-D 100 x 100 pixel device.

The first KH-11 KENNAN reconnaissance satellite equipped with charge-coupled device array ( pixels ) technology for imaging was launched in December 1976.

2, with the character of Bill noting that Superman was not born into his alter ego ( Spider-Man was " Peter Parker " first, Batman was born " Bruce Wayne "), using the blanket he was wrapped in as his costume, and Clark Kent is a collage of mankind's less impressive traits meant to blend in with other humans ( as well as a device to pursue Lois Lane's affections ).

According to the relational interpretation of quantum mechanics, first proposed by Carlo Rovelli, observations such as those in the double-slit experiment result specifically from the interaction between the observer ( measuring device ) and the object being observed ( physically interacted with ), not any absolute property possessed by the object.

The Doctor V64 unit was the first commercially available backup device for the Nintendo 64 unit.

The first electrical engineer was probably William Gilbert who designed the versorium: a device that detected the presence of statically charged objects.

* " Dear Dad ", episode twelve of the first season of M * A * S * H, used the framing device of a letter written by Hawkeye Pierce to his father to describe the events of the episode.

The first films made using this device were Tipsy, Topsy, Turvy and The Awkward Sign Painter.

* Miguel de Cervantes claims that all chapters but the first in Don Quixote are translated from an Arabic manuscript by Cide Hamete Benengeli, parodying a plot device of chivalry books.