Drawn from life by the historian Matthew Paris for his Chronica Majora, it can be seen in his bestiary at Parker Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, with an accompanying text revealing that at the time, Europeans believed that elephants did not have knees and so were unable to get up if they fell over.

The Israeli historian Omer Bartov wrote that German films of the 1950s showed the average German soldier as a heroic victim: noble, tough, brave, honourable, and patriotic while fighting hard in a senseless war for a regime that he did not care for.

Some Catholics, mainly of German language and largely inspired by the historian Johann Joseph Ignaz von Döllinger ( who did not formally join the new group ) formed the separate Old Catholic Church in protest.

Independently, Ruth Bettina Birn ( the world's leading authority on the archives that Goldhagen had consulted and chief historian for War Crimes with the Canadian Department of Justice ) did the same-she and Finkelstein worked together on A Nation on Trial: The Goldhagen Thesis and Historical Truth.

Godwin's political views were diverse and do not perfectly agree with any of the ideologies that claim his influence ; writers of the Socialist Standard, organ of the Socialist Party of Great Britain, consider Godwin both an individualist and a communist ; anarcho-capitalist Murray Rothbard did not regard Godwin as being in the individualist camp at all, referring to him as the " founder of communist anarchism "; and historian Albert Weisbord considers him an individualist anarchist without reservation.

The historian Gordon S. Wood says that Lance Banning, as in his Sacred Fire of Liberty ( 1995 ), is the " only present-day scholar to maintain that Madison did not change his views in the 1790s.

During the summer of 1939, Ribbentrop sabotaged all efforts at a peaceful solution to the Danzig dispute, leading the American historian Gerhard Weinberg to comment that " perhaps Chamberlain's haggard appearance did him more credit than Ribbentrop's beaming smile " as the countdown to a war that would kill millions inexorably gathered pace.

The Greek historian Aristotle Kaillis wrote that it was Ribbentrop's influence with Hitler together with his insistence that the Western powers would in the end not go to war for Poland that was the most important reason why Hitler did not cancel Fall Weiß all together instead of postponing " X-day " for six days.

John did not provide a great deal of money for his wife's household and did not pass on much of the revenue from her lands, to the extent that historian Nicholas Vincent has described him as being " downright mean " towards Isabella.

" Various critics, including historian Norman Cohn and folklorist Jacqueline Simpson, have highlighted what they see as Murray's " extreme selectivity " in choosing only sources that backed her argument, and ignoring those that did not.

A middle position was taken by the historian Ferdinand Gregorovius, who observed that Stephen, while he may not have instigated or ordered the atrocities, did not seek to prevent them either, either through self-interest or the weakness of his position.

Comic strip historian Don Markstein described the work Swinnerton did at the Examiner and how the bears evolved:

" Kenneth Weiher, an economic historian, notes, " despite the severity of the contraction, the Fed did not move to use its powers to turn the money supply around and fight the contraction.

Notably in an age of severe racial intolerance during the 1920s, President Harding did not hold any racial animosity, according to historian Carl S. Anthony.

In his work on Alfred the Great, historian David Sturdy argues that the witan did not embody modern notions of a ' national institution ' or a ' democratic ' body: Victorian notions of a national ' witan ' are crazy dreams without foundation, myths of a ' democratic parliament ' that never was.

Pulitzer Prize-winning historian David McCullough has written that Humphrey probably did more to get Truman elected in 1948 than anyone other than Truman himself.

The historian Victor Davis Hanson has argued that the novel drew from Wallace's life, particularly his experiences at Shiloh, and the damage it did to his reputation.

Writing in 1933, art historian Bryson Burroughs, who at that time attributed to Hubert the Crucifixion and Last Judgement diptych and whom he describes as " the fountainhead of northern painting ", suggests he did the underdrawing for the Ghent Altarpiece with Jan painting in after his brother's death.

As Constitutional historian Hermann von Holst noted, " Calhoun's doctrine made it a solemn constitutional duty of the United States government and of the American people to act as if the existence or non-existence of slavery in the Territories did not concern them in the least.

Slave resistance in the antebellum South did not gain the attention of academic historians until the 1940s when historian Herbert Aptheker started publishing the first serious scholarly work on the subject.

According to historian Eric Foner, Andrew Johnson's conservative view of Reconstruction did not include blacks or former slaves involvement in government and he refused to heed Northern concerns when southern state legislatures implemented Black Codes that lowered the status of the freedmen similar to slavery.

However, the Arab historian Abu al-Hasan ' Alī al-Mas ' ūdī, citing ' traditional ' Arab history, relates that the Amalekites did indeed exist at this early period having originated in the region of Mecca before the time of Abraham.

To quote a modern historian " that they did look into each others eyes, and felt that to each other they were all too lovely .." is a quite possible scenario.

Film historian Alfred Charles Richard Jr. has commented that Saludo Amigos " did more to cement a community of interest between peoples of the Americas in a few months than the State Department had in fifty years ".

From even a cursory inspection of its many aspects, however, the historian can deduce several fundamental conclusions about the progress of the Aegean world down to 800 B.C.

Art historian Richard Poss took a more flexible approach, maintaining that the astronomical rock art of the North American Southwest should be read employing " the hermeneutic traditions of western art history and art criticism " Astronomers, however, raise different questions, seeking to provide their students with identifiable precursors of their discipline, and are especially concerned with the important question of how to confirm that specific sites are, indeed, intentionally astronomical.

In the 3rd century, however, the Greek historian Dio Cassius states that the " Bastarnae are properly classed as Scythians " and " members of the Scythian race ".

According to Mike Dash, a Welsh historian, few scientists doubt there are thousands of unknown animals, particularly invertebrates, awaiting discovery ; however, cryptozoologists are largely uninterested in researching and cataloging newly-discovered species of ants or beetles, instead focusing their efforts towards " more elusive " creatures that have often defied decades of work aimed at confirming their existence.

According to science and technology historian Bert S. Hall: " It goes without saying, however, that historians bent on special pleading, or simply with axes of their own to grind, can find rich material in these terminological thickets.

From the 1040s onwards, however, successive popes had put forward a reforming message that emphasised the importance of the church being " governed more coherently and more hierarchically from the centre " and established " its own sphere of authority and jurisdiction, separate from and independent of that of the lay ruler ", in the words of historian Richard Huscroft.

In his own time, however, Weber was viewed primarily as a historian and an economist.

He circulated copies of the historian Gaius Cornelius Tacitus ' work, which was barely read at the time, and so we perhaps have him to thank for the partial survival of Tacitus ' work ; however, modern historiography rejects his claimed descent from the historian as forgery.

The Roman-Jewish historian Flavius Josephus states that three of the seven lamps were allowed to burn during the day also ; however, according to the Talmud ( Rashi, Tractate Shabbat 22b ), only the center lamp was left burning all day, into which as much oil was put as into the others.

The 4th century church historian Eusebius, however, states in his Chronicon that Sixtus I was pope from 114 to 124, while his Historia Ecclesiastica, using a different list, claims that Sixtus ' rule was from 114 to 128.

Orestes, however, refused to become emperor, " from some secret motive ", according to historian Edward Gibbon.

From the 1040s onwards, however, successive popes had put forward a reforming message that emphasised the importance of the church being " governed more coherently and more hierarchically from the centre " and established " its own sphere of authority and jurisdiction, separate from and independent of that of the lay ruler ", in the words of historian Richard Huscroft.

It is possible, however, that Stephen had already begun to consider passing over Eustace's claim ; historian Edmund King observes that Eustace's claim to the throne was not mentioned in the discussions at Wallingford, for example, and this may have added to Stephen's son's anger.

Other films shot in widescreen were the musical Happy Days ( 1929 ) which premiered at the Roxy Theater, New York City, on February 13, 1930, starring Janet Gaynor and Charles Farrell and a 12 year old Betty Grable as a chorus girl ; Song o ’ My Heart, a musical feature starring Irish tenor John McCormack and directed by Frank Borzage ( Seventh Heaven, A Farewell to Arms ), which was shipped from the labs on March 17, 1930, but never released and may no longer survive, according to film historian Miles Kreuger ( the 35mm version, however, debuted in New York on March 11, 1930 ); and the western The Big Trail ( 1930 ) starring John Wayne and Tyrone Power, Sr. which premiered at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood on October 2, 1930, all of which were also made in the 70mm Fox Grandeur process.

The traditions of the Yule log died out in Britain in the latter 19th and early 20th century because of, according to historian Ronald Hutton, " the reduction in farm labour and the disappearance of the old-fashioned open hearths ", however the Bûche de Noël dessert has become a Christmas tradition in the UK, as in many French speaking places.

The historian Malchus maintains that in 480 Glycerius was a member of the conspiracy that led to Emperor Nepos ' death and thus sought the favour of Odoacer ; however, the news of Glycerius ' appointment to the prestigious rank of Bishop of Milan, which would support the theory of the collaboration between Glycerius and Odoacer, is usually considered a rumor.

In the early seventeenth century, the Dutch art historian Karel van Mander described Bosch ’ s work as comprising " wondrous and strange fantasies "; however, he concluded that the paintings are " often less pleasant than gruesome to look at.

Relying upon the accounts of the historian Procopius, it often has been said that Justinian ruled the Empire in his uncle's name during the reign of Justin, however, there is much evidence to the contrary.

The American historian Keith Bird summed up the strategic differences between Hitler and Raeder: " Raeder's continual pressure for an intensified war with Britain and his willingness to risk war with the United States, however, conflicted with Hitler's short-term continental goals.

Many proposed reforms, however, failed to occur, and according to historian J. L.

* Thucydides, Greek historian ( alleged date, however, 460 BC is more probable ) ( d. c. 395 BC )

" After a successful siege of a resisting city, such as at Perugia, however, Totila could be merciless, as the Byzantine historian Procopius recounts.

The 1st-century CE Jewish historian Flavius Josephus, however, understood this to mean that Jephthah burned his daughter on Yahweh's altar, whilst pseudo-Philo, late first century CE, wrote that Jephthah offered his daughter as a burnt offering because he could find no sage in Israel who would cancel his vow.

" The facts are that she was the daughter of Leonitius and she did originally have the name Athenais, according to the Greek historian Socrates of Constantinople, and a contemporary historian named Priscus of Panion ; however they leave out any mention of Pulcheria's role in playing match-maker for her brother.