For example in the mid 350 ’ s the city of Jerusalem was hit with drastic food shortages at which point church historians Sozomen and Theodoret reported “ Cyril secretly sold sacramental ornaments of the church and a valuable holy robe, fashioned with gold thread that the emperor Constantine had once donated for the bishop to wear when he performed the rite of Baptism ”.

Beyond notices in his extant writings, the major sources are the 5th-century ecclesiastical historians Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret, and the 4th-century Christian author Jerome.

The contemporary historians Sozomen and Theodoret were combined with Socrates in a sixth-century compilation, which has obscured their differences until recently, when their individual portrayals of the series of Christian emperors were distinguished one from another and contrasted by Hartmut Leppin, Von Constantin dem Großen zu Theodosius II ( Göttingen 1996 ).

According to ancient historians Sozomen, Socrates, and Theodoret, Pulcheria had a deep dislike for Anthemius, the former guardian of Theodosius ; the reasons may have been his distaste for her immense power within the empire and her unwillingness to allow Anthemius to gain power amongst the imperial court.

As for the East, the Greek ecclesiastical historians Socrates and Sozomen, who wrote a century after the event, reported that the First Council of Nicaea ( 325 ) considered ordering all married clergy to refrain from conjugal relations, but the Council was dissuaded by Paphnutius of Thebes.

His biography was recorded by the hagiographer Simeon Metaphrastes and the church historians, Sozomen and Socrates Scholasticus.

but many historians maintain that except for Northern meddling it would have ended in states like Virginia years before it did.

It was widely admired, but most historians did not try to replicate it and instead focused on their specialized monographs.

The Annales historians did not try to replicate Braudel's vast geographical scope in La Méditerranée.

During the late 1950s it was sought by two rail historians, George Horn and Martin Schachne, but they did not gain access to the tunnel itself.

In fact, modern historians use AUC much more frequently than the Romans themselves did.

The German armament industry did not fully mobilize until 1944, and this has led to some historians in the 1960s, particularly Alan Milward, to develop a theory of blitzkrieg economics.

Blitzkrieg itself is not an official doctrine and historians in recent times have come to the conclusion it did not exist as such:

Modern historians sometimes call him " Robert the Consul ", for that reason, though he himself and his contemporaries did not use that name.

Ancient historians have many complaints about this, stating that his judgments were variable and sometimes did not follow the law.

Later historians have suggested that Eisenhower privately wanted the Soviet Union to launch a satellite first, thereby establishing an overflight precedent that would allow the United States to orbit without Soviet protests, as the latter's closed society had far more to lose from such overflights than the United States did.

There is a contemporary issue of coins suggestive of an imperial adventus ( arrival ) for the city, but some modern historians state that Diocletian avoided the city, and that he did so on principle, as the city and its Senate were no longer politically relevant to the affairs of the Empire and needed to be taught as much.

However, not only did he reject the title of Dominus during his reign, but since he issued no official documentation or coinage to this effect, historians such as Brian Jones contend that such phrases were addressed to Domitian by flatterers who wished to earn favors from the emperor.

That the older custom ( called " protopaschite " by historians ) did not at once die out, but persisted for a time, is indicated by the existence of canons and sermons against it.

Although he did not make known his intention when creating the plates, art historians view them as a visual protest against the violence of the 1808 Dos de Mayo Uprising, the subsequent Peninsular War of 1808 – 14 and the setbacks to the liberal cause following the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in 1814.

Other historians have pointed out that Rome did have experience with naval technology, as she patrolled her coasts against piracy.

Moreover, Friedrich Schlegel's book, Über die Sprache und Weisheit der Indier ( On the Speech and Wisdom of the Indians, Heidelberg, 1808 ), which had just begun to exert a powerful influence on the minds of German philosophers and historians, did not fail to stimulate Bopp's interest in the sacred language of the Hindus.

The most notable examples are found in the work of Greek historians of the 6th century BC: their intention was to connect notable families of their own day to a distant and heroic past, and in doing so they did not distinguish between myth, legend, and facts.

Margaret Mitchell did not originate them and a young novelist can scarcely be faulted for not knowing what the majority of mature, professional historians did not know until many years later.

Notably, most French historians argue that France did not go through a clear take-off.

This criticism did not match the typical idealized, romantic view of Richard the Lion-Hearted that was popular when Scott wrote the book, and yet it accurately echoes the way King Richard is often judged by historians today.

Sri Ram Sharma argues though that contemporaries and some historians have been too disparaging about Jahangir's beliefs, simply because he did not persecute non-believers and enforce his views on others.

History and historians did not know about it.

She did so, but complained that this Pagan writer said nothing about ecclesiastical affairs and stopped with the accession of the emperor Valens in 364 ; consequently Paul interwove extracts from the Scriptures, from the ecclesiastical historians and from other sources with Eutropius, and added six books, thus bringing the history down to 553.

When addressing events after 220 BC, he conferred with Greek and Roman historians to acquire credible sources of information, but rarely did he name those sources.

In their 1999 study of the Prime Ministers of Canada, which included the results of a survey of Canadian historians, J. L.

The Roman historians Suetonius and Cassius Dio record that in 23 BC, Augustus prepared a rationarium ( account ) which listed public revenues, the amounts of cash in the aerarium ( treasury ), in the provincial fisci ( tax officials ), and in the hands of the publicani ( public contractors ); and that it included the names of the freedmen and slaves from whom a detailed account could be obtained.

Since at least the 1960s, when Marc Bloch's Feudal Society ( 1939 ) was first translated into English in 1961, many medieval historians have included a broader social aspect that includes not only the nobility but all three estates of the realm, adding the peasantry bonds of manorialism and the estates of the Church ; this is sometimes referred to as " feudal society " since it encompasses all members of society into the feudal system.

Modern historians regard the chronology as uncertain but, according to the ancient account, these predecessors included for example Dionysius of Miletus, Charon of Lampsacus, Hellanicus of Lesbos, Xanthus of Lydia and, the best attested of them all, Hecataeus of Miletus.

Highly influential German classicist historians were Barthold Georg Niebuhr ( 1776-1831 ) and Theodor Mommsen ( 1817-1903 ) Historians of Germany included Johann Gustav Droysen ( 1808-84 ), Heinrich von Sybel ( 1817-95 ), and Heinrich von Treitschke ( 1834-96 ).

Accordingly, if famine victims are included, a minimum of around 10 million deaths — 6 million from famine and 4 million from other causes — are attributable to the regime, with a number of recent historians suggesting a likely total of around 20 million, citing much higher victim totals from executions, gulags, deportations and other causes.

It was likely because few experts in the witch trials actually bothered to counter her arguments that many Britons, including several historians not familiar with the witch trials, simply assumed that Murray's view was the consensus as to the nature of European witchcraft, and included her ideas in their own works.

The 1974 book in which deMause included essays of nine professional historians, The History of Childhood, offers a survey of the treatment of children through history.

While the Rwandan Civil War was a complex sequence of violent episodes which included killers and victims on all sides, most historians agree with RPF's assertions that the 1994 genocide was a deliberate, methodical Hutu campaign to completely exterminate the Tutsis, and that plans for the genocide were well known in advance by European, American, and UN officials.

These could have included inherent issues with revolutionary ideology, and / or the need of a weapon for political repression in a time of significant foreign and civil upheaval, leading to many different interpretations by historians.

They included both theosophists and historians and theologians with a strong interest in theosophy.

Modern historians view the charges against her, which included adultery and incest, as unconvincing.

The promises included the adoption of Christianity, repatriation of lands " stolen " from Poland by its neighbours, and terras suas Lithuaniae et Russiae Coronae Regni Poloniae perpetuo applicare, a clause interpreted by historians to mean anything from a personal union between Lithuania and Poland to a complete incorporation of Lithuania into Poland.

Matters of dispute by the participants and writers and historians since the war have included the wisdom of pursuing an offensive strategy in the wake of the failed Nivelle Offensive, rather than waiting for the arrrival of the American armies in France, the choice to attack in Flanders over areas further south or the Italian front, the climate and weather in Flanders, Haig's selection of General Hubert Gough and the Fifth Army to conduct the offensive, debates over the nature of the opening attack between advocates of shallow and deeper objectives, the passage of time between the Battle of Messines and the opening attack of the Battles of Ypres, the extent to which the internal troubles of the French armies motivated British persistence in the offensive, the effect of mud on operations and the decision to continue the offensive in October, once the weather had broken and the human cost of the campaign on the soldiers of the German and British armies.

Some historians have argued that the Potsdam Agreement included written rights of land access to the western sectors, whereas no such written guarantees had covered the western sectors of Berlin.

Although this war is technically an Anglo-Dutch war ( as it was between Britain and the Netherlands ), many respectable historians, such as Steven Pincus, argue that this later war stemmed from completely different causes and therefore should not be included in a discussion of these earlier wars.

As a tactician, Epaminondas stands above every other general in Greek history ( unless the Macedonian kings Philip II and Alexander the Great are included ), although modern historians have questioned his larger strategic vision.

Leading historians of the period who testified as " experts " during the trial included Jean-Pierre Azéma, André Kaspi, Marc-Olivier Baruch, Henry Rousso, Denis Peschanski, Maurice Rajsfus, René Rémond, Jacques Delarue, Henri Amouroux, Michel Bergès, as well as US historian Robert Paxton and Swiss historian Philippe Burin.

However, many historians now believe that, for this generation of Chinese radicals, Chen included, the road to Marxism was a long one, with numerous prominent members initially attracted to anarchism or anarcho-communism.

While Polish historians praised Gross for drawing attention to a topic which had received insufficient attention for a half-century, several historians criticized ‘ Neighbors ’ on the grounds that it included accounts which were uncorroborated, and that where conflicting testimonies existed, Gross had chosen that account which presented the Poles in the worst possible light.

The Académie has included numerous politicians, lawyers, scientists, historians, philosophers, and senior Roman Catholic clergymen.

Other historians who criticised The Origins of the Second World War included ; Isaac Deutscher, Louis Morton, Barbara Tuchman, Ian Morrow, Gerhard Weinberg, G. F. Hudson, Elizabeth Wiskemann, W. N.

A group of French historians centered around Pierre Renouvin and his protégés Jean-Baptiste Duroselle and Maurice Baumont started a new type of international history in the 1950s that included taking into account what Renouvin called ( profound forces ) such as the influence of domestic politics on French foreign policy.