Now omitting for a moment some recent developments we can say the Saxon Shore hypothesis of Lappenberg and Kemble has undergone virtual eclipse in this century.

F-test used for ANOVA hypothesis testing has assumptions and practical

Later experiments are often designed to test a hypothesis that a treatment effect has an important magnitude ; in this case, the number of experimental units is chosen so that the experiment is within budget and has adequate power, among other goals.

While the Ural – Altaic hypothesis can still be found in encyclopedias, atlases, and similar general references, it has not had any adherents in the linguistics community for decades.

The most common criticism of HH Price's afterlife hypothesis has come from the religious community as his suggestions are not consistent with traditional Christian teaching, nor the teachings of any other monotheistic religion.

The hypothesis to Isocrates ' Helen mentions that Anaximenes, too, had written a Helen, " though it is more a defense speech ( apologia ) than an encomium ," and concludes that he was " the man who has written about Helen " to whom Isocrates refers ( Isoc.

A dismissive allusion in the text to the " wealth of Hungary " has suggested the hypothesis that it was written after 1184, at the time when Bela III of Hungary had sent to the French court a statement of his income and had proposed marriage to Marie's sister Marguerite of France, but before 1186, when his proposal was accepted.

This principle has frequently been called the " Sapir – Whorf hypothesis ", after him and his mentor Edward Sapir, but Whorf called it the principle of linguistic relativity, because he saw the idea as having implications similar to Einstein's principle of physical relativity.

* Vasconic substratum hypothesis: This proposal, by the German linguist Theo Vennemann, claims that there is enough toponymical evidence to conclude that Basque is the only survivor of a larger family that once extended throughout most of Europe, and has also left its mark in modern Indo-European languages spoken in Europe.

Advanced paternal age has been linked to a somewhat increased chance of bipolar disorder in offspring, consistent with a hypothesis of increased new genetic mutations.

Another example has been proposed by Gerald Edelman called dynamic core hypothesis which puts emphasis on reentrant connections that reciprocally link areas of the brain in a massively parallel manner.

In years since, this hypothesis has been thoroughly discredited.

Likewise, the Riemann hypothesis has a large number of consequences already proven.

:"... the thesis has the character of an hypothesis — a point emphasized by Post and by Church (< sup > 24 </ sup >).

Outside of science-fiction, life in interstellar dust has been proposed as part of the panspermia hypothesis.

The authors concluded that " the risk-AIDS hypothesis ... is clearly rejected by our data ", and that "... The evidence supports the hypothesis that HIV-1 has an integral role in the CD4 depletion and progressive immune dysfunction that characterise AIDS.

The consensus in the scientific community is that the Duesberg hypothesis has been refuted by a large and growing mass of evidence showing that HIV causes AIDS, that the amount of virus in the blood correlates with disease progression, that a plausible mechanism for HIV's action has been proposed, and that anti-HIV medication decreases mortality and opportunistic infection in people with AIDS.

Temple's hypothesis that the tree required the dodo has been contested.

This understanding has led to the notion that all the information needed for proteins to assume their native state was encoded in the primary structure of the protein, and hence in the DNA that codes for the protein, the so called " Anfinsen's thermodynamic hypothesis ".

Although modern historians have rejected this hypothesis, Czech historiography has supported the notion of mixed Piast-Přemyslid parentage for Vladivoj.

Giulio Mauro Facchetti, a researcher who has dealt with both Etruscan and Minoan put forward again this hypothesis, comparing some of the Minoan words of known meaning with some similar Etruscan words.

Ecological theory has also been used to explain self-emergent regulatory phenomena at the planetary scale: for example, the Gaia hypothesis is an example of holism applied in ecological theory.

In 2010, Currie, though still favouring the hunting pack hypothesis, admitted that the concentration could have been brought about by other causes, such as a slowly rising water level during an extended flood.

This hypothesis of the contents of the Mouseion, originally suggested by Nietzsche ( Rheinisches Museum 25 ( 1870 ) & 28 ( 1873 )), appears to have been confirmed by three papyrus finds – one 3rd century BC ( Flinders Petrie Papyri, ed.

At that point, scientists began to reconsider their pre-mission hypothesis that Descartes had been the setting of ancient volcanic activity, as the two astronauts had yet to find any volcanic material.

A long held hypothesis suggests the possibility that alien big cats at large in the United Kingdom could have been imported as part of private collections or zoos, later escaped or set free.

It had been pointed out previously by J. J. Thomson in his series of lectures at Yale University in May 1903 that the dynamic equilibrium between the velocity generated by a concentration gradient given by Fick's law and the velocity due to the variation of the partial pressure caused when ions are set in motion " gives us a method of determining Avogadro's Constant which is independent of any hypothesis as to the shape or size of molecules, or of the way in which they act upon each other ".

Charles Darwin proposed the theory of universal common descent through an evolutionary process in On the Origin of Species, twice stating the hypothesis that there was only one progenitor for all life forms and ending with " There is a grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one ".

Of the initial twenty-three Hilbert problems, most of which have been solved, only the Riemann hypothesis ( formulated in 1859 ) is included in the seven Millennium Prize Problems.

Such a hypothesis had previously been put forward by telepathy researchers in the Soviet Union.

Also in Roman times, some Essenes settled on the Dead Sea's western shore ; Pliny the Elder identifies their location with the words, " on the west side of the Dead Sea, away from the coast ... the town of Engeda " ( Natural History, Bk 5. 73 ); and it is therefore a hugely popular but contested hypothesis today, that same Essenes are identical with the settlers at Qumran and that " the Dead Sea Scrolls " discovered during the 20th century in the nearby caves had been their own library.

" In the second case, it means " an hypothesis or set of hypotheses that have been verified by observation and experiment.

Regarding a Freyja-Frigg origin hypothesis, scholar Stephan Grundy comments that " the problem of whether Frigg or Freyja may have been a single goddess originally is a difficult one, made more so by the scantiness of pre-Viking Age references to Germanic goddesses, and the diverse quality of the sources.

The Flynn effect has also been part of the discussions regarding Spearman's hypothesis, which states that differences in the g factor are the major source of differences between blacks and whites observed in many studies of race and intelligence.

Roche's hypothesis that Palestrina's seemingly dispassionate approach to expressive or emotive texts could have resulted from his having to produce many to order, or from a deliberate decision that any intensity of expression was unbecoming in church music has not been confirmed by historians.

Quantum mechanics has very accurately demonstrated this hypothesis, and the relation has been shown explicitly for particles as large as molecules.

The hypothesis that economic considerations were responsible for mass arrests during the period of Stalinism has been refuted on the grounds of former Soviet archives that have become accessible since the 1990s, although some archival sources also tend to support an economic hypothesis.

This usage has been criticized as a misnomer, since Sapir and Whorf did not in fact formulate a hypothesis for empirical research, and because it is unclear to what extent Sapir actually subscribed to the idea of language influencing thought.

The diagnosis has been criticized as proponents of the iatrogenic or sociocognitive hypothesis believe it as a culture-bound and often iatrogenic condition.

It is central to the Neyman – Pearson approach to statistical hypothesis testing, and, like statistical hypothesis testing generally, is both widely used and much criticized.

Brainwashing proponents Margaret Singer and Janja Lalich have criticized Barker's rejection of the brainwashing hypothesis in her study of the conversion process for members of the Unification Church.

While early versions of the hypothesis were criticized as teleological and contradicted principles of natural selection, later versions focused on the large-scale effects of life on the planet and are studied in the disciplines of geophysiology and Earth system science.

After initially being largely ignored by most scientists, ( from 1969 until 1977 ), thereafter for a period, the initial Gaia hypothesis was criticized by a number of scientists, such as Ford Doolittle, Richard Dawkins and Stephen Jay Gould.

The hypothesis that ergotism could explain cases of bewitchment has been subject to debate and has been criticized by several scholars.

The original two-step flow hypothesis — that ideas flow from the media to opinion leaders and then to less active sections of the population — has been criticized and negated by myriad consequent studies.

David Hanson has criticized Mori's hypothesis that entities approaching human appearance will necessarily be evaluated negatively.

The arrest, lengthy trial and subsequent acquittal of Japan's veteran attorney and Human Rights activist Yoshihiro Yasuda, then head of Shoko Asahara's legal team, a move which was harshly criticized by Human Rights Watch, is often cited in support of this hypothesis.

The OPV AIDS hypothesis has been examined and criticized by members of the scientific and medical communities as being unsupported or directly contradicted by available data, and inconsistent with HIV epidemiology.

This hypothesis has been criticized by R. D.

However, the evidence about the origins of the system is scanty, and this hypothesis has been criticized as being part of " Sarmatism " ( the Polish tradition of romanticizing their supposed Sarmatian ancestry ).

While some reviewers contend that studies of the origin of Greek civilization were tainted by a foundation of 19th century racism, many have criticized Bernal for the speculative nature of his hypothesis, his unsystematic and linguistically incompetent handling of etymologies as well as his naive handling of ancient myth and historiography.

Still, Gimbutas ' theories had been widely criticized as mistaken on the grounds of dating, archeological context and typologies Some archaeologists consider her goddess hypothesis implausible some regard her work as pseudo-scholarship.

) This hypothesis has been criticized by Teuku Jacob and colleagues who argue that LB1 is similar to the midget humans who populate a Flores village, Rampasasa, – and who point out that size can vary substantially in pygmy populations.

This hypothesis has been criticized on several grounds, and is not generally accepted by Uto-Aztecanists.

The third hypothesis was criticized due to no vascular supplement of anterior abdominal wall by umbilical vein.

His hypothesis has been widely criticized from various sources, given the surface temperature of Venus is higher than the temperature of boiling water.

Flynn ( 2010 ) has criticized the basic assumption that confirmation of Spearman's hypothesis would support the partially genetic explanation for black-white average IQ differences.

Historian Richard Carrier, a proponent of the Jesus myth hypothesis, has heavily criticized Graves ' work, particularly his book The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors, as being unreliable and unscholarly.

Other studies have criticized this arrangement, suggesting that the tooth whorl was located in the originally hypothesized position Additionally, other extinct fish, such as onychodontiformes, have tooth whorls at the front of the jaw, suggesting that such whorls are not as big of an impediment to swimming as suggested in Purdy's hypothesis.

He criticized Albrecht Weber's hypothesis that the story of the Ramayana was influenced by the Homeric epics.

He criticized Lorentz by saying, that it would be better to create a more fundamental theory, which explains the absence of any ether drift, than to create one hypothesis after the other.