The trial judge decided that the administrative procedures of the Act were fully complied with and refused to require the production of such documents.

Then, when the case went to the jury, the judge excused one of the jurors, saying the juror had told him he had been accosted by masked men at his motel the night before the trial opened.

For example, suppose at trial the judge found for the plaintiff and ordered the defendant to pay $ 50, 000.

On March 5, 1868, the impeachment trial began in the Senate and lasted almost three months ; Reps. George S. Boutwell, Ben Butler and Thaddeus Stevens acted as managers ( prosecutors ) for the House and William M. Evarts, Benjamin R. Curtis and Attorney General Henry Stanberry served as Johnson's counsel ; Chief Justice Chase served as presiding judge.

Alford was sentenced to thirty years in prison, after the trial judge in the case accepted the plea bargain and ruled that the defendant had been adequately apprised by his lawyer.

Most cases that go to trial are carefully prepared through a discovery process that aids in the review of evidence and testimony before it is presented to judge or jury.

* in the United States, determining whether the Seventh Amendment's right to a jury trial applies ( a determination of a fact necessary to resolution of a " common law " claim ) or whether the issue will be decided by a judge ( issues of what the law is, and all issues relating to equity ).

A finding of contempt of court may result from a failure to obey a lawful order of a court, showing disrespect for the judge, disruption of the proceedings through poor behaviour, or publication of material deemed likely to jeopardize a fair trial.

Disorderly, contemptuous, or insolent behaviour toward the judge or magistrates while holding the court, tending to interrupt the due course of a trial or other judicial proceeding, may be prosecuted as " direct " contempt.

Where it is necessary to act quickly the judge ( even the trial judge ) may act to sentence for contempt.

Cross-examination is considered an essential component of a jury trial because of the impact it has on the opinions of the judge and jury.

This principle does not prevent the government from appealing a pre-trial motion to dismiss or other non-merits dismissal, or a directed verdict after a jury conviction, nor does it prevent the trial judge from entertaining a motion for reconsideration of a directed verdict, if the jurisdiction has so provided by rule or statute.

If the prosecutor moves for a mistrial, there is no bar to retrial if the trial judge finds " manifest necessity " for granting the mistrial.

After a trial at the Old Bailey in front of the notoriously sadistic judge Salathiel Lovell, Defoe was found guilty.

However, the original trial judge, Judge David Burnett, disallowed presentation of this information in his court.

In civil matters, generally there is no jury however, in criminal matters, the defendant can elect trial by judge and jury or judge alone.

The trial and execution of Charles by his own subjects shocked the rest of Europe ( the king argued to the end that only God could judge him ) and was a precursor of sorts to the beheading of Louis XVI 145 years later.

If the judge finds such probable cause, he or she binds, or holds over, the suspect for trial.

However since the Lord Chancellor today is no longer a judge, it is not certain who would preside over an impeachment trial today.

In the 2005 Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District trial, Behe testified under oath that he " did not judge asymmetry serious enough to revised the book yet.

The judge in the Dover trial wrote " By defining irreducible complexity in the way that he has, Professor Behe attempts to exclude the phenomenon of exaptation by definitional fiat, ignoring as he does so abundant evidence which refutes his argument.

Other debilitating scandals included " Arms to Iraq " – the ongoing inquiry into how government ministers including Alan Clark ( also involved in an unrelated scandal involving the revelation of his affair with the wife and both daughters of a South African judge ) had encouraged businesses to supply arms to Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s, in breach of the official arms embargo, and how senior ministers had, on legal advice, attempted to withhold evidence of this official connivance when directors of Matrix Churchill were put trial for breaking the embargo.

A jury trial ( or trial by jury ) is a legal proceeding in which a jury either makes a decision or makes findings of fact which are then applied by a judge.

Hanoverian agents assisted in promoting circulation, said to have reached 40,000, and if one may judge by the reaction of Swift and other government writers, the work must have had considerable impact.

`` Actually, the abuse of the process may have constituted a contempt of the Criminal court of Cook county, altho vindication of the authority of that court is not the function of this court '', said Karns, who is a City judge in East St. Louis sitting in Cook County court.

This is usually done on the basis that the lower court judge erred in the application of law, but it may also be possible to appeal on the basis of court misconduct, or that a finding of fact was entirely unreasonable to make on the evidence.

As an accused is not compelled to give evidence in a criminal adversarial proceeding ; he may not be questioned by prosecutor or judge unless he chooses to do so.

The rules of evidence are also developed based upon the system of objections of adversaries and on what basis it may tend to prejudice the trier of fact which may be the judge or the jury.

In a way the rules of evidence can function to give a judge limited inquisitorial powers as the judge may exclude evidence he / she believes is not trustworthy or irrelevant to the legal issue at hand.

The advisory committee then selects the judging panel, the membership of which changes each year, although on rare occasions a judge may be selected a second time.

A judge may impose sanctions such as a fine or jail for someone found guilty of contempt of court.

The judge may impose fines and / or jail time upon any person committing contempt of court.

The judge will make use of warnings in most situations that may lead to a person being charged with contempt.

Direct contempt is an unacceptable act in the presence of the judge ( in facie curiae ), and generally begins with a warning, and may be accompanied by an immediate imposition of punishment.

In Australia a judge may impose a fine or jail.

Upon the contempt being either admitted or proved the judge or JP may imprison the offender for a maximum of one month, fine them up to GBP £ 2, 500, or do both.

# Direct contempt is that which occurs in the presence of the presiding judge ( in facie curiae ) and may be dealt with summarily: the judge notifies the offending party that he or she has acted in a manner which disrupts the tribunal and prejudices the administration of justice.

After giving the person the opportunity to respond, the judge may impose the sanction immediately.

A witness called by the direct examiner, on the other hand, may only be treated as hostile by that examiner after being permitted to do so by the judge, at the request of that examiner and as a result of the witness being openly antagonistic and / or prejudiced against the opposing party.

The reasoning was that if a subject may overthrow his superior for some bad law, who was to be the judge of whether the law was bad?

People may be comfortable speaking inside a room but when it becomes public speaking, fear enters in the form of suspicion that whether the words uttered are correct or incorrect because there are many to judge it.