Nevertheless, the usage of Treptichnus pedum, a reference ichnofossil for the lower boundary of the Cambrian, for the stratigraphic detection of this boundary is always risky because of occurrence of very similar trace fossils belonging to the Treptichnids group well below the T. pedum in Namibia, Spain and Newfoundland, and possibly, in the western USA.

The Vendian concept was formed stratigraphically top-down, and the lower boundary of the Cambrian became the upper boundary of the Vendian.

The lower boundary of the Vendian could have a biostratigraphic substantiation as well taking into consideration the worldwide occurrence of the Pertatataka assemblage of giant acanthomorph acritarchs.

The lower boundary GSSP of the Ediacaran is at the base of the cap carbonate ( Nuccaleena Formation ), immediately above the Elatina diamictite in the Enorama Creek section, Brachina Gorge, Flinders Ranges, South Australia.

The GSSP of the upper boundary of the Ediacaran is the lower boundary of the Cambrian on the SE coast of Newfoundland approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy as a preferred alternative to the base of the Tommotian Stage in Siberia which was selected on the basis of the ichnofossils Treptichnus pedum.

As to the Treptichnus pedum, a reference ichnofossil for the lower boundary of the Cambrian, its usage for the stratigraphic detection of this boundary is always risky because of the occurrence of very similar trace fossils belonging to the Treptichnids group well below the T. pedum in Namibia, Spain and Newfoundland, and possibly, in the western United States.

Hernando de Alarcón, a Spanish navigator of the 16th century, noted for having led an early expedition to the Baja California peninsula, meant to be coordinated with Francisco Vasquéz de Coronado's overland expedition, and for penetrating the lower Colorado River, perhaps as far as the modern California-Arizona boundary.

The lower ( Triassic ) boundary is set by the Permian-Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90 % to 96 % of marine species and 70 % of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct.

His argument relies on the assumption that boundary conditions supply degrees of freedom that instead of being random are determined by higher level realities whose properties are dependent, but distinct, from the lower level from which they emerge.

Mesoscale meteorology is the study of atmospheric phenomena that has horizontal scales ranging from microscale limits to synoptic scale limits and a vertical scale that starts at the Earth's surface and includes the atmospheric boundary layer, troposphere, tropopause, and the lower section of the stratosphere.

In all cases, microwave includes the entire SHF band ( 3 to 30 GHz, or 10 to 1 cm ) at minimum, with RF engineering often putting the lower boundary at 1 GHz ( 30 cm ), and the upper around 100 GHz ( 3 mm ).

* Proterozoic: this eon refers to the time from the lower Cambrian boundary, 542 Ma, back through 2500 Ma.

** Neoproterozoic: The youngest geologic era of the Proterozoic Eon, from the Cambrian Period lower boundary ( 542 Ma ) back to 1000 Ma.

Other tributaries of the Warta within Poznań are the Junikowo Stream ( Strumień Junikowski ), which flows through southern Poznań from the west, meeting the Warta just outside the city boundary in Luboń ; the Bogdanka and Wierzbak, formerly two separate tributaries flowing from the north-west and along the north side of the city centre, now with their lower sections diverted underground ; the Główna, flowing through the neighbourhood of the same name in north-east Poznań ; and the Rose Stream ( Strumień Różany ) flowing east from Morasko in the north of the city.

In all cases, microwave includes the entire SHF band ( 3 to 30 GHz, or 10 to 1 cm ) at minimum, with RF engineering often putting the lower boundary at 1 GHz ( 30 cm ), and the upper around 100 GHz ( 3mm ).

In its lower course, it forms part of the boundary between the two states and empties into Sabine Lake, an estuary of the Gulf of Mexico.

It is very likely that further investigations will push back the Sri Lankan lower boundary to match that of South India.

If the refractive index is lower on the other side of the boundary and the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, no light can pass through and all of the light is reflected.

Signals in a higher refractive index layer, i. e., duct, tend to remain in that layer because of the reflection and refraction encountered at the boundary with a lower refractive index material.

A drop may form when liquid accumulates at the lower end of a tube or other surface boundary, producing a hanging drop called a pendant drop.

The Vendian in its type area consists of large subdivisions such as Laplandian, Redkino, Kotlin and Rovno Regional stages with the globally traceable subdivisions and their boundaries, including its lower one.

They cite the Cambrian explosion — the appearance of abundant fossils in the upper Ediacaran ( Vendian ) Period and lower Cambrian Period — as the pre-Flood / Flood boundary, the presence in such sediments of fossils that do not occur later in the geological record as part of a pre – flood biota that perished and the absence of fossilized organisms that appear later, such as angiosperms and mammals, as due to erosion of sediments deposited by the flood as waters receded off the land.

It was the first American war in which the death rate from disease was lower than that from battle, due to the provision of trained medical personnel ( of the 200,000 officers, 42,000 were physicians ), compulsory vaccination, rigorous camp sanitation, and adequate hospital facilities.

Demand for parts for home entertainment was strong in the first half, but purchases were cut back to lower levels during the fall as set manufacturers reduced their own operating rates.

She was a living doll and no mistake -- the blue-black bang, the wide cheekbones, olive-flushed, that betrayed the Cherokee strain in her Midwestern lineage, and the mouth whose only fault, in the novelist's carping phrase, was that the lower lip was a trifle too voluptuous.

The lower limit was determined by the fact that for smaller flow rates the arc started to strike to the anode holder instead of to the porous graphite plug and that it became highly unstable.

Then the fact that the lower channel line was pierced had further forecasting significance.

The cubist generation before World War 1,, and, on a lower level, the surrealists of the period between the wars, both assumed an accepted universe of discourse, in which, to quote Andre Breton, it was possible to make definite advances, exactly as in the sciences.

The increase in oxygen uptake rates from 1.2 to 2.6 mg/l/hr which followed an increase in rotor speed was believed to be related to resuspension of solids which had settled at the lower rotor speeds.

An extended cold spell caused ice to build up on the aerator which was mounted on a floating platform and caused the entire platform to sink lower in the water.

West of the Mobile district was the lower Mississippi district, of which New Orleans was headquarters.

The boy was there at the lower corner of the field, and he was in the plowed earth, stamping with ferocity and a kind of frenzied impatience.

To keep options available for lower case letters and other graphics, the special and numeric codes were arranged before the letters, and the letter " A " was placed in position 41 < sub > hex </ sub > to match the draft of the corresponding British standard.

There was some debate at the time whether there should be more control characters rather than the lower case alphabet.

This is usually done on the basis that the lower court judge erred in the application of law, but it may also be possible to appeal on the basis of court misconduct, or that a finding of fact was entirely unreasonable to make on the evidence.

The appellant in the new case can be either the plaintiff ( or claimant ), defendant, third-party intervenor, or respondent ( appellee ) from the lower case, depending on who was the losing party.

An appellee is the party to an appeal in which the lower court judgment was in its favor.

Generally speaking the appellate court examines the record of evidence presented in the trial court and the law that the lower court applied and decides whether that decision was legally sound or not.

In some systems, an appellate court will only consider the written decision of the lower court, together with any written evidence that was before that court and is relevant to the appeal.

In order for the appeal to succeed, the appellant must prove that the lower court committed reversible error, that is, an impermissible action by the court acted to cause a result that was unjust, and which would not have resulted had the court acted properly.

In some cases, an appellant may successfully argue that the law under which the lower decision was rendered was unconstitutional or otherwise invalid, or may convince the higher court to order a new trial on the basis that evidence earlier sought was concealed or only recently discovered.