One of the more noteworthy changes that have taken place since the mid-19th century is the situation of Catholics at Oxford and Cambridge Universities.

The term Ethiopic Ocean, derived from Ethiopia, was applied to the southern Atlantic as late as the mid-19th century.

The term Ethiopian Ocean sometimes appeared until the mid-19th century.

By the mid-19th century scientists began to arrive en masse to study the geology and ecology of the region.

In the mid-19th century important leaders included Transcendentalists such as Ralph Waldo Emerson ( 1803 – 1882 ) and Henry David Thoreau ( 1817 – 1862 ).

* In the Michael Flynn novel In the Country of the Blind, a secret society calling itself the Babbage Society secretly financed the building of Babbage Engines in the mid-19th century.

In the mid-19th century, numerous modifications were attempted to alleviate these problems, as well as improve holding power, including one-armed mooring anchors.

From Russian arrival in the Aleutian Islands in 1786 through the mid-19th century, the Russians invaded and enslaved the natives, and many of the Aleut customs disappeared.

Various written accounts of bunyips were made by Europeans in the early and mid-19th century, as settlement spread across the country.

In the mid-19th century Scottish antiquaries called brochs ' burgs ', after Old Norse borg, with the same meaning.

Until the mid-19th century, the Museum's collections were relatively circumscribed but, in 1851, with the appointment to the staff of Augustus Wollaston Franks to curate the collections, the Museum began for the first time to collect British and European medieval antiquities, prehistory, branching out into Asia and diversifying its holdings of ethnography.

By the mid-19th century, Bayonne had declined somewhat with the centralisation of power to Paris and to the new département capital, non-Basque Pau, after the 1789 French Revolution, and with Wellington's bombardment.

William Robert Hicks the humorist was domestic superintendent in the mid-19th century.

Until the mid-19th century the Banda Islands were the world's only source of the spices nutmeg and mace, produced from the nutmeg tree.

This was problematic, as the patroon system of land holding, based on the feudal system and civil law, continued to operate in the colony until it was abolished in the mid-19th century.

Contra dances were fashionable in the United States until the early to mid-19th century, when they were supplanted in popularity by square dances ( such as the quadrille and lancers ) and couple dances ( such as the waltz and polka ).

The slave trade was largely suppressed by the mid-19th century.

Croatian romantic nationalism emerged in mid-19th century to counteract the apparent Germanization and Magyarization of Croatia.

In the mid-19th century, Cambridge was the center of a literary revolution when it gave the country a new identity through poetry and literature.

Use of the CE abbreviation was introduced by Jewish academics in the mid-19th century.

During his reign, Saladin also constructed the Cairo Citadel, which served as the seat of the Egyptian government until the mid-19th century.

Until the mid-19th century, when the river was tamed by dams, levees, and other controls, the Nile in the vicinity of Cairo was highly susceptible to changes in course and surface level.

Conservative Judaism ( also known as Masorti Judaism outside of the United States and Canada ) is a modern stream of Judaism that arose out of intellectual currents in Germany in the mid-19th century and took institutional form in the United States in the early 1900s.

Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as " football ", played at public schools in England in the mid-19th century.

During the 17th century cavalry in Europe lost most of its armor, ineffective against the muskets and cannon which were coming into use, and by the mid-19th century armor had mainly fallen into disuse, although some regiments retained a small thickened cuirass that offered protection against lances and sabres and some protection against shot.

The mid-19th and early 20th centuries saw a large Swedish emigration to the United States.

The mid-19th century saw the development of two smaller village centers set apart from Montville: Pine Brook, a fertile agricultural area in the Township ’ s southern end, and Towaco, situated on the Morris Canal.

uninhabited, the islands saw unsuccessful settlements in the mid-19th century.

During the mid-19th century some of local residents saw an opportunity to make easy money by " blackbirding.

The mid-19th century also saw manufacturing replace trade as Middletown's economic mainstay ; however, industrial growth was limited by railroad operators ' decision to bypass Middletown when tracks were laid between Hartford and New Haven.

A few of the Early Cambrian fossils were already known in the mid-19th century, and Charles Darwin saw the apparently sudden appearance and diversification of animals as one of the main objections that could be made against his theory of evolution by natural selection.

The mid-19th century saw the explosion of the " pelota craze ".

The mid-19th century saw about 500 Chinese laborers and indentured servants, along with a handful from India stealthy imported to the island of Fernando Po through the once Portuguese occupied Macau.

By the mid-19th Century, the schism between the two interpretations of Eastern European Judaism had mostly healed, as Hasidism revealed its dedication to Talmudic scholarship, and the Lithuanian World saw advantages in ethical focus.

Largely residential in the mid-19th Century, the district gained some light industry later on, including Eyre & Spottiswoode's printworks and a saw mill.

The mid-19th century saw the development of some mining operations along the creek, consisting of the Greenwood Gold Mine, located at the headwaters of the North Branch near Independent Hill, and the Cabin Branch Pyrite Mine, located about 1 mile west of Dumfries and now within the Park.

The military significance of the Grand Duchy of Finland had been increasing for the Russians from the mid-19th century with the rising tensions and competition among the major European powers.

Increases in productivity are a major factor responsible for per capita economic growth, especially since the mid-19th century.

The Conciergerie and Palais de Justice underwent major rebuilding in the mid-19th century, totally altering their external appearance.

After the mid-19th century, the Palace seemed to be in such a state of decay that its very survival was in question ; thus from 1876 a major restoration plan was launched.

It was first sparsely settled by French and German Catholics in the mid-19th century, and the first church, St. Andrew's Church, was built in 1851, and although it no longer exists, a major local road still bears its name.

The community was connected to major southern cities by the Louisville, Lexington & Cincinnati Railroad, built in the mid-19th century, and a later railroad connecting Louisville to Anchorage and Middletown.

As timber and lumber became a major industry in the mid-19th century, Larrys Creek, in Mifflin Township, was a source of power for sawmills and other mills.

Bluestone quarrying became a major enterprise in the area starting in the mid-19th century.

Accessed by the Ring's End Landing bridge, a graceful stone structure that marks a major shipping point for early settlers, Long Neck became a summer destination for the wealthy when rail travel made it accessible during the mid-19th century.

While the major Australian cities enjoyed the boom of the Victorian Era, the Australian gold rushes of the mid-19th century brought major construction works and exuberant Victorian architecture to the major cities, particularly Melbourne, and major provincials such as Ballarat and Bendigo.

After the mid-19th century, railways linked all the major cities of Europe to spa towns like Biarritz and Deauville ; their carriages were rigorously divided into first-class and second-class, but the super-rich now began to commission private railway coaches, as exclusivity as well as display was a hallmark of opulent luxury.

By the mid-19th century both brushmaking and footwear manufacture became major industries in the town with production concentrated in large factories.

By the mid-19th century, entrepreneurs had built paper mills and major industries, including the first portable steam engine in 1847.

The Taishan region was a major source of Chinese immigrants in the Americas from the mid-19th and late-20th centuries.

The building was in very poor condition by the mid-19th century, and major restoration work – almost a complete rebuilding – was carried out in the 1860s, at a cost of almost £ 40, 000.

The village of Bradford was established to supply the agricultural interests of its surrounding area, for a brief period in the mid-19th century, lumbering was a major industry, as trees had to be removed in order to commence farming.

The Lachine Canal and major new businesses linked the established port of Montreal with continental markets and led to rapid industrialization during the mid-19th century.

* Empire style – sometimes considered the second phase of Neoclassicism, is an early-19th-century design movement in architecture, furniture, other decorative arts, and the visual arts followed in Europe and America until around 1830, although in the U. S. it continued in popularity in conservative regions outside the major metropolitan centers well past the mid-19th century.

The construction of a major roads routed through the village facilitated Whitefield's expansion into a mill town during the mid-19th century.

Ion Luca was the nephew of Luca and Iorgu Caragiale, who were major figures of mid-19th century Romanian theater.

Clarina Irene Howard Nichols ( January 25, 1810 – January 11, 1885 ) was a journalist, lobbyist and public speaker involved in all three of the major reform movements of the mid-19th century: temperance, abolition, and the women's movement that emerged largely out of the ranks of the first two.