According to the fossil record, Lissamphibia, which includes all modern amphibians and is the only surviving lineage, may have branched off from the extinct groups Temnospondyli and Lepospondyli at some period between the Late Carboniferous and the Early Triassic.

The suborder Neobatrachia is by far the largest group and includes the remaining families of modern frogs, including most common species.

* The XRender extension to the X Window System ( this includes modern UNIX and Linux systems )

This section includes some minimal descriptions of methods, to give some feel for such a building's practicality, provide indexes to further information, and give a sense of modern trends.

Bede's scriptural commentaries employed the allegorical method of interpretation and his history includes accounts of miracles, which to modern historians has seemed at odds with his critical approach to the materials in his history.

Today, the term " utility knife " also includes small folding or retractable-blade knives suited for use in the modern workplace or in the construction industry.

This family includes all of the modern brass instruments except the trombone: the trumpet, horn ( also called the French horn ), euphonium, and tuba, as well as the cornet, flügelhorn, tenor horn ( alto horn ), baritone horn, sousaphone, mellophone, and the old saxhorn.

This includes a shared British cultural heritage, warfare during the 1770s and 1812, and the eventual development of one of the most stable and mutually-beneficial international relationships in the modern world.

The history of computing is longer than the history of computing hardware and modern computing technology and includes the history of methods intended for pen and paper or for chalk and slate, with or without the aid of tables.

The COBOL 2002 standard includes support for object-oriented programming and other modern language features.

The modern Irish Defence Force ( IDF ) includes a " Cavalry Corps " equipped with Panhard armoured cars and Scorpion tracked combat reconnaissance vehicles.

The most well known version is that written by Gerald Gardner, and includes material paraphrased works by Aleister Crowley, primarily from Liber ALThe Book of the Law ( particularly from Ch 1, spoken by Nuit, the Star Goddess ), and from his Liber XV: the Gnostic Mass as well as Liber LXV ( Liber Cordis Cincti Serpente, or the Book of the Heart Girt with the Serpent ), thus linking modern Wicca irrevocably to the cosmology and revelations of Thelema.

Defined in this way, the group includes all modern birds, both living and recently extinct, and a few Mesozoic forms.

In its modern incarnation, the dachshund is a creation of German breeders and includes elements of German, French, and English hounds and terriers.

The Modern Deism web site includes one list of the unofficial tenets of modern deism.

The modern theory that explains the nature of light includes the notion of wave – particle duality.

In the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Ireland the modern children's folklore of Santa Claus typically includes green-clad elves with pointy ears, long noses, and pointy hats as Santa's helpers or hired workers.

He also points to several pieces by Henry Purcell, one of which includes the opening notes of the modern tune, set to the words " God Save The King ".

Jewish law includes several considerations whose effects are similar to those of modern intellectual property laws, though the notion of intellectual creations as property does not seem to exist – notably the principle of Hasagat Ge ' vul ( unfair encroachment ) was used to justify limited-term publisher ( but not author ) copyright in the 16th century.

Almost all modern scholars reject the total authenticity of the Testimonium, while the majority of scholars still hold that it includes an authentic kernel.

The modern PC keyboard also includes a control processor and indicator lights to provide feedback to the user about what state the keyboard is in.

Using the Seagram as a prototype, Mies ' office designed a number of modern high-rise office towers, notably the Chicago Federal Center, which includes the Dirksen and Kluczynski Federal Buildings and Post Office ( 1959 ) and the IBM Plaza in Chicago ; the Westmount Square in Montreal, and the Toronto-Dominion Centre in 1967.

The Levant includes most of modern Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestinian territories, Cyprus, Turkey's Hatay Province and sometimes Iraq or the Sinai Peninsula, and corresponds roughly to the historic area of Greater Syria.

The basis of this ability is the complex library of pulse sequences that the modern medical MRI scanner includes, each of which is optimized to provide image contrast based on the chemical sensitivity of MRI.

Thoroughly modern in treatment, they are at the same time, full of simple sincerity which invariably characterizes genuine Negro folk-music and are by no means to be confused with the average ' Broadway Spirituals ' which depend for their racial flavor upon sundry allusions to the ' Amen Corner ', ' judgement Day, ' Gabriel's Horn, and a frustrated devil -- with a few random hallelujahs thrown in for good measure.

Using modern full capacity firearms, a shooter can fire more shots with greater accuracy using a single gun in a two-handed grip than two guns with one-handed grips.

In byte-oriented systems ( i. e. most modern computers ), the term uncompressed BCD usually implies a full byte for each digit ( often including a sign ), whereas packed BCD typically encodes two decimal digits within a single byte by taking advantage of the fact that four bits are enough to represent the range 0 to 9.

The modern full size classical guitar has a scale length of around 650 mm ( 25. 6 inches ), with an overall instrument length of 965 – 1016 mm ( 38-40 inches ).

" Some modern readers find this narrow definition disappointing, but his focus was on the conduct of military operations in war, not on the full range of the conduct of politics in war.

Historically, the baudot and braille keyboards were standardized to some extent, but they are unable to replicate the full character set of a modern keyboard.

The full title is indicative of the tale's object, as ingenioso ( Spanish ) means " quick with inventiveness "< ref >, Real Academia Española </ ref > marking the transition of modern literature from Dramatic to thematic unity.

At a summit in Aleppo, Syria, in 1997, the World Council of Churches ( WCC ) proposed a reform in the calculation of Easter which would have replaced the present divergent practices of calculating Easter with modern scientific knowledge taking into account actual astronomical instances of the spring equinox and full moon based on the meridian of Jerusalem, while also following the Council of Nicea position of Easter being on the Sunday following the full moon.

While the divergence point of the mtDNA was unexpectedly deep in time, the full genomic sequence suggested the Denisovans belonged to the same lineage as Neanderthals, with the two diverging shortly after their line split from that giving rise to modern humans.

The full English spelling, ' brassiere ', is now a false friend in and of itself ( the modern French term for brassiere is soutien-gorge ).

In the counter-insurgency context, " boots on the ground " are even more important than technological prowess and massive firepower, although anti-guerrilla forces should take full advantage of modern air, artillery and electronic warfare assets.

While it is theoretically possible to implement a full computer entirely mechanically ( as Babbage's design showed ), electronics made possible the speed and later the miniaturization that characterize modern computers.

The Hebrew calendar year is longer by about 6 minutes and 25 +< sup > 25 </ sup >/< sub > 57 </ sub > seconds than the present-day mean solar year, so that every 224 years, the Hebrew calendar will fall a full day behind the modern solar year, and about every 231 years it will fall a full day behind the Gregorian calendar year.

Sorita d ' Este observes that it is also important to give consideration to the difference between the modern calendar and the lunisolar calendars which would have been in use when these dates were set, giving us a full moon date around the 13th of each month and the date for the August festival originating with the festival of Nemoralia held in honour of Diana.

Weber argued that Judaism, early Christianity, theology, and later the political party and modern science, were only possible in the urban context that reached a full development the West alone.

However, the foundation of memetics in full modern incarnation originates in the publication in 1996 of two books by authors outside the academic mainstream: Virus of the Mind: The New Science of the Meme by former Microsoft executive turned motivational speaker and professional poker player, Richard Brodie, and Thought Contagion: How Belief Spreads Through Society by Aaron Lynch, a mathematician and philosopher who worked for many years as an engineer at Fermilab.

Typical high-quality modern gauges provide an accuracy of ± 2 % of span, and a special high-precision gauge can be as accurate as 0. 1 % of full scale.

Malcolm's Kingdom did not extend over the full territory of modern Scotland: the north and west of Scotland remained in Scandinavian, Norse-Gael and Gaelic control, and the areas under the control of the Kings of Scots would not advance much beyond the limits set by Malcolm II ( Máel Coluim mac Cináeda ) until the 12th century.

The properties of the noble gases can be well explained by modern theories of atomic structure: their outer shell of valence electrons is considered to be " full ", giving them little tendency to participate in chemical reactions, and it has been possible to prepare only a few hundred noble gas compounds.

A modern national language which uses a full vigesimal system is Dzongkha in Bhutan.

He organised for the Ottoman Empire a standing army of regularly paid and disciplined infantry and horses, a full century before Charles VII of France established his fifteen permanent companies of men-at-arms, which are generally regarded as the first modern standing army.

The full name of the specialty is otorhinolaryngology from neoclassical Greek and modern Greek: ωτο ( ρ ) ρινολαρυγγολογία from ῥινο -, rhino-( root of ῥίς ) " nose ", ὠτ -, ot-( root of οὖς ) " ear ", λαρυγγ -, laryng-( root of λάρυγξ ) " larynx / throat ", and the suffix-logy " study "; thus, the term literally means " the study of ear and throat ".