There are a variety of dialects of the Greek language ; the most notable include Cappadocian, Cretan Greek ( which is closely related to most Aegean Islands ' dialects ), Cypriot Greek, Pontic Greek, the Griko language spoken in Southern Italy, and Tsakonian, still spoken in the modern prefecture of Arcadia and widely noted as a surviving regional dialect of Doric Greek.

Kombolói or kompoloi (,, bead collection ; plural:, ) is a string of beads sometimes called " worry beads " in English, which can be considered part of modern Greek and Cypriot culture, used for no defined purpose, perhaps to relieve stress, keep hands and fingers occupied and generally pass the time.

As in other theatrical works of the time and place, the characters in Goldoni's Italian comedies spoke originally either the literary Tuscan variety ( which became modern Italian ) or the Venetian dialect, depending on their station in life.

In 18th and 19th century Germany, several thousand local languages of the continental west Germanic dialect continuum were reclassified as dialects of modern New High German although the vast majority of them were ( and still are ) mutually incomprehensible, despite the fact that they all existed long before New High German, which had at least in part been shaped as a compromise or mediative language between these local languages.

This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and Scandinavian languages as dialects of Old Norse.

The idea of a relation between the language of the Aegean Linear scripts was taken into consideration as the main hypothesis by Michael Ventris before discovering that in fact the language behind the more modern Linear B script was Mycenean, a Greek dialect.

The Lisp dialect used in Emacs differs substantially from the more modern Common Lisp and Scheme dialects commonly used for applications programming.

Pronunciation of Standard Chinese is based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin Chinese, while grammar and syntax are based on modern vernacular written Chinese.

After the publication of his Bible, his dialect suppressed the others and evolved into what is now the modern German.

** Umbrian ( not to be confused with the modern Umbrian dialect of Italian ), which was spoken in the north-central region

There have been two introductions of English to Ireland, a medieval introduction that led to the development of the now-extinct Yola dialect and a modern introduction in which Hibernian English largely replaced Irish as the most widely spoken language during the 19th century, following the Act of Union of 1800.

The boundaries between the South Slavic languages had yet to be " conceptualized in modern terms ", and codifiers of Serbian even found it necessary to argue that Bulgarian was not a Serbian dialect as late as 1822.

However, they also remarked that the language spoken in Macedonia had somewhat of a distinctive character — often described as a " Western Bulgarian dialect " as other Bulgarian dialects in modern western Bulgaria.

However, the ancient Ligurian language, which probably was Indo-European, is not directly connected to the Italian dialect spoken by the modern inhabitants of Liguria, nor to the modern Monegasque language.

Most significant languages in the modern era are written down, and for most such languages a standard orthography has developed, often based on a standard variety of the language, and thus exhibiting less dialect variation than the spoken language.

The modern descendants of the Old West Norse dialect are the West Scandinavian languages of Icelandic, Faroese, Norwegian and the extinct Norn language of the Orkney and the Shetland Islands ; the descendants of the Old East Norse dialect are the East Scandinavian languages of Danish and Swedish.

In both the local dialect of Palestinian Arabic and in classical or modern standard Arabic, Christians are called Nasrani ( a derivative of the Arabic word for Nazareth, al-Nasira ) or Masihi ( a derivative of Arabic word Masih, meaning " Messiah ").

Related words in a few modern Indo-European languages are Russian doroga ( way, road ), Polish droga ( way, road ), Czech dráha ( way, track ), Serbo-Croatian draga ( path through a valley ), and Norwegian dialect drog ( trail of animals ; valley ).

For most types of deer in modern English usage, the male is called a " buck " and the female is termed a " doe ", but the terms vary with dialect, and especially according to the size of the species.

The Bactrians spoke Bactrian, a northern dialect of the East Iranian language, sharing some view features to modern Pashto and close related Yidgha, Munji, and Ishkashmi, and the principal religions of the area before the coming of Islam were Zoroastrianism and Buddhism.

Although Old English was by no means as standardised as modern English, its written forms were less subject to broad dialect variations than was post-Conquest English.

The modern Samogitian dialect formed in the 13th-16th centuries under the influence of the Curonian language.

This is the only case in modern history of a people of Britannic origin submitting without continued struggle to what they view as foreign domination.

While sovereignty has roots in antiquity, in its present usage it is essentially modern.

Neither is primary experience understood according to the attitude of modern empiricism in which nothing is thought to be received other than signals of sensory qualities producing their responses in the appropriate sense organs.

Shakespeare's Shylock, too, is of dubious value in the modern world.

But a modern Oedipus who is doomed because he cannot oppose his own childhood is only pathetic, and for renouncing the mystery in favor of psychological truth he gives up the claim on our sympathies.

A characteristic expression of such concern and inquiry is found in Joseph P. Lyford's Introduction To The Agreeable Autocracies, a recent paperback study of the institutions of modern democratic society.

The men who speculate on these institutions have, for the most part, come to at least one common conclusion: that many of the great enterprises and associations around which our democracy is formed are in themselves autocratic in nature, and possessed of power which can be used to frustrate the citizen who is trying to assert his individuality in the modern world ''.

As Sandburg said at the time: `` It is as ancient as the medieval European ballads brought to the Appalachian Mountains, it is as modern as skyscrapers, the Volstead Act, and the latest oil well gusher ''.

Here we may observe that at least one modern philosophy of history is built on the assumption that ideas are the primary objectives of the historian's research.

The Chicago contingent of modern critics follow Aristotle so far in this direction that it is hard to see how they can compare one poem with another for the purpose of evaluation.

Diplomatic is another area for which the dawn of the twentieth century marks the beginning of modern standards of scholarship.

This is certainly an irrational dogmatism, in which the modern mind attempts to understand the spirit of the sixteenth century on twentieth-century terms.

Rexroth is a longtime jazz buff, a name-dropper of jazz heroes, and a student of traditional as well as modern jazz.

In addition to his experiments in reading poetry to jazz, Patchen is beginning to use the figure of the modern jazz musician as a myth hero in the same way he used the figure of the private detective a decade ago.

This angry and exasperated stance which Patchen has maintained in his poetry for almost fifteen years has been successfully modulated into a kind of woe that is as effective as anger and still expresses his disapproval of the modern world.

But the firm has recognized the tight dollar and the tourist's desire to visit the `` smaller, less-traveled and relatively inexpensive countries '', and is now prepared to teach modern Greek and Portuguese through recordings.

Perhaps there is more truth than we are wont to admit in the conviction of that ornament of Tarheelia, Robert Ruark's grandfather, who was persuaded that the great curse of the modern world is `` all this gallivantin' ''.

The possibility of recall into the Army is part of the price that a modern American has to pay for the enviable heritage of liberty which he enjoys.

Under modern conditions, this is especially true of the ready reserve.

However, its modern one-story layout is designed to increase our production capacity, permit more efficient manufacturing, and substantially reduce current repair and maintenance costs.