In the modern English `` whodunnit '', this insinuation of latent criminality in the detective himself has almost entirely disappeared.

The Hindi alphabet must represent both Sanskrit and modern vocabulary, and so has been expanded to 58 with the khutma letters ( letters with a dot added ) to represent sounds from Persian and English.

In more modern English usage, the term " adobe " has come to include a style of architecture popular in the desert climates of North America, especially in New Mexico.

In modern English there are several conventions for abbreviations, and the choice may be confusing.

In modern English, " Americans " generally refers to residents of the United States, and among native speakers of English this usage is almost universal, with any other use of the term requiring specification of the subject under discussion.

For example, the word " Amerika " in German has a one-to-one equivalence to its meaning in modern English: it may denote North America, South America, or both, and in some instances refers to the United States only.

As an English name, it has been in use since the Middle Ages, though it was not popular until modern times.

The meaning was eventually further generalized in its modern English usage to apply to any outrageous act or exhibition of pride or disregard for basic moral laws.

Lavoisier's Traité élémentaire de chimie ( Elementary Treatise on Chemistry, 1789, translated into English by Scotsman Robert Kerr ) is considered to be the first modern chemistry textbook.

Most modern English grammarians no longer use the Latin accusative / dative model, though they tend to use the terms objective for oblique, subjective for nominative, and possessive for genitive ( see Declension in English ).

Originally published in modern Hebrew, with a running commentary to facilitate learning, his Steinzaltz edition of the Talmud has also been translated into English, French, Russian and Spanish.

The Shakespearean English form of the word ' brass ' can mean any bronze alloy, or copper, rather than the strict modern definition of brass.

The spelling and names in both the 1609 – 1610 Douay Old Testament ( and in the 1582 Rheims New Testament ) and the 1749 revision by Bishop Challoner ( the edition currently in print used by many Catholics, and the source of traditional Catholic spellings in English ) and in the Septuagint ( an ancient translation of the Old Testament in to Greek, which is widely used by the Eastern Orthodox instead of the Masoretic text ) differ from those spellings and names used in modern editions which are derived from the Hebrew Masoretic text.

The disputed books, included in one canon but not in others, are often called the Biblical apocrypha, a term that is sometimes used specifically ( and possibly pejoratively in English ) to describe the books in the Catholic and Orthodox canons that are absent from the Jewish Masoretic Text ( also called the Tanakh or Miqra ) and most modern Protestant Bibles.

An Old English poem such as Beowulf is very different from modern poetry.

Bede ( ; ; 672 / 673 – 26 May 735 ), also referred to as Saint Bede or the Venerable Bede (), was an English monk at the Northumbrian monastery of Saint Peter at Monkwearmouth and of its companion monastery, Saint Paul's, in modern Jarrow ( see Monkwearmouth-Jarrow ), both in the Kingdom of Northumbria.

This group of languages ( Welsh, Cornish, Cumbric ) cohabited alongside English into the modern period, but due to their remoteness from the Germanic languages, influence on English was notably limited.

Botany was greatly stimulated by the appearance of the first " modern " text book, Matthias Schleiden's, published in English in 1849 as Principles of Scientific Botany.

Rather, in modern times, the various autonomous houses have formed themselves loosely into congregations ( for example, Cassinese, English, Solesmes, Subiaco, Camaldolese, Sylvestrines ) that in turn are represented in the Benedictine Confederation that came into existence through Pope Leo XIII's Apostolic Brief " Summum semper " on July 12, 1883.

However, some modern Catholic English Bibles restore the Septuagint order, such as Esther in the NAB.

Prior to this, in Old and Middle English, the word was usually spelled Crist the i being pronounced either as, preserved in the names of churches such as St Katherine Cree, or as a short, preserved in the modern pronunciation of Christmas.

For example, the word chief ( meaning the leader of any group ) comes from the Middle French chef (" head "), and its modern pronunciation preserves the Middle French consonant sound ; the word chef ( the leader of the cooks ) was borrowed from the same source centuries later, by which time the consonant had changed to a " sh "- sound in French.

In most modern variants of Danish, it is possible to distinguish at least 17 different vowel qualities in distinct pronunciation.

However as Old Castilian became modern Spanish, the pronunciation of the sh sound changed, and came to be pronounced with a voiceless velar fricative sound like the Scottish or German ch and today the Spanish pronunciation of " Quixote " is.

Today English speakers generally attempt something close to the modern Spanish pronunciation when saying Quixote ( Quijote ), as, although the traditional English spelling pronunciation pronouncing the name with the value of the letter x in modern English is still sometimes used, resulting in or.

The original pronunciation is preserved in the names for the city in other languages such as Old English Difelin, Old Norse Dyflin, modern Icelandic Dyflinn and modern Manx Divlyn.

Xiongnu is the modern Mandarin Chinese pronunciation, while it is pronounced as " Hung-no " in modern Cantonese Chinese and the word is reconstructed to be pronounced as " Hunnu " in classical Chinese.

Below is a list of the Indian numerals in their modern Devanagari form, the corresponding European ( Indo-Arabic ) equivalents, their Sanskrit pronunciation, and translations in some languages.

This article deals primarily with modern scholarship's best reconstruction of Classical Latin's phonemes ( phonology ) and the pronunciation and spelling used by educated people in the late Republic, and then touches upon later changes and other variants.

One example is English " bleat " for the sheep noise: in medieval times it was pronounced approximately as " blairt " ( but without an R-component ), or " blet " with the vowel drawled, which is much more accurate as onomatopoeia than the modern pronunciation.

A modern liturgical pronunciation would be k ' deysha </ ref > were temple prostitutes usually associated with the goddess Asherah.

By modern pronunciation rules, the phrase could be written " Elinikí Dimokratía ".

However, these forms are actually contractions of ko, vo, and so respectively, and these forms are still used in modern Russian before words with certain consonant clusters for ease of pronunciation.

In modern slang, some native speakers may pronounce ‹ W › more closely to the origin of the loanword than the official / v / pronunciation.

Some time thereafter, by the middle of the 18th century, / e / and / we / came to be pronounced as in modern Japanese, although some regions retain the pronunciation.

In some cases the Chinese reading is the inferred Chinese reading, interpreting the character as a phono-semantic compound ( as in how on readings are sometimes assigned to these characters in Chinese ), while in other cases ( such as 働 ), the Japanese on reading is borrowed ( in general this differs from the modern Chinese pronunciation of this phonetic ).

Only non-canonical sources have provided any Vulcans with family names, which are usually spoken of as defying attempts at both human pronunciation, especially with English-language phonemes, and human typesetting, especially with the characters of the modern Latin alphabet used for the English language.

Also as quasi-Sanskrit text, it is acceptable in many modern Indic languages, but the pronunciation varies considerably across India.

This is the only case in modern history of a people of Britannic origin submitting without continued struggle to what they view as foreign domination.

While sovereignty has roots in antiquity, in its present usage it is essentially modern.

Neither is primary experience understood according to the attitude of modern empiricism in which nothing is thought to be received other than signals of sensory qualities producing their responses in the appropriate sense organs.

Shakespeare's Shylock, too, is of dubious value in the modern world.

But a modern Oedipus who is doomed because he cannot oppose his own childhood is only pathetic, and for renouncing the mystery in favor of psychological truth he gives up the claim on our sympathies.

A characteristic expression of such concern and inquiry is found in Joseph P. Lyford's Introduction To The Agreeable Autocracies, a recent paperback study of the institutions of modern democratic society.

The men who speculate on these institutions have, for the most part, come to at least one common conclusion: that many of the great enterprises and associations around which our democracy is formed are in themselves autocratic in nature, and possessed of power which can be used to frustrate the citizen who is trying to assert his individuality in the modern world ''.

As Sandburg said at the time: `` It is as ancient as the medieval European ballads brought to the Appalachian Mountains, it is as modern as skyscrapers, the Volstead Act, and the latest oil well gusher ''.

Here we may observe that at least one modern philosophy of history is built on the assumption that ideas are the primary objectives of the historian's research.

The Chicago contingent of modern critics follow Aristotle so far in this direction that it is hard to see how they can compare one poem with another for the purpose of evaluation.

Diplomatic is another area for which the dawn of the twentieth century marks the beginning of modern standards of scholarship.

This is certainly an irrational dogmatism, in which the modern mind attempts to understand the spirit of the sixteenth century on twentieth-century terms.

Rexroth is a longtime jazz buff, a name-dropper of jazz heroes, and a student of traditional as well as modern jazz.

In addition to his experiments in reading poetry to jazz, Patchen is beginning to use the figure of the modern jazz musician as a myth hero in the same way he used the figure of the private detective a decade ago.

This angry and exasperated stance which Patchen has maintained in his poetry for almost fifteen years has been successfully modulated into a kind of woe that is as effective as anger and still expresses his disapproval of the modern world.

But the firm has recognized the tight dollar and the tourist's desire to visit the `` smaller, less-traveled and relatively inexpensive countries '', and is now prepared to teach modern Greek and Portuguese through recordings.

Perhaps there is more truth than we are wont to admit in the conviction of that ornament of Tarheelia, Robert Ruark's grandfather, who was persuaded that the great curse of the modern world is `` all this gallivantin' ''.

The possibility of recall into the Army is part of the price that a modern American has to pay for the enviable heritage of liberty which he enjoys.

Under modern conditions, this is especially true of the ready reserve.

However, its modern one-story layout is designed to increase our production capacity, permit more efficient manufacturing, and substantially reduce current repair and maintenance costs.