The metric for noise performance of a circuit is noise figure or noise factor.

Noise figure is a comparison between the output signal to noise ratio and the thermal noise of the input signal.

Noise figure is a measure of the noise produced by a receiver compared to an ideal receiver, and this needs to be minimized.

If F is the noise figure numeric and 290 K the standard noise temperature, then the effective noise temperature is given by T < sub > n </ sub >

The basic arrangement of noise source, coupling path and victim, receptor or sink is shown in the figure below.

Noise figure in an ideal DFA is 3 dB, while practical amplifiers can have noise figure as large as 6 – 8 dB.

In addition to their small size, the surface normal operation of VCSOAs leads to a number of advantages, including low power consumption, low noise figure, polarization insensitive gain, and the ability to fabricate high fill factor two-dimensional arrays on a single semiconductor chip.

The noise figure is obtained by expressing the noise factor in decibels ( dB ).

This makes the noise figure a useful figure of merit for terrestrial systems where the antenna effective temperature is usually near the standard 290 K. In this case, one receiver with a noise figure say 2 dB better than another, will have an output signal to noise ratio that is about 2 dB better than the other.

From this belief is derived the practical orientation of our policy on the `` uncommitted '' ( `` neutralist '', `` contested '' ) nations, especially on those whose leaders make the most noise -- Nehru, Tito, Nkrumah, Sukarno, Betancourt, etc..

The radio radiation of the sun which is reflected from the moon and planets should be negligible compared with their thermal emission at centimeter wave lengths, except possibly at times of exceptional outbursts of solar radio noise.

One of the greatest problems associated with automatic leveling is establishing a true level in the presence of high-level acceleration noise.

Below this level, the amplifier gain Af is proportional and is of small value, in order to provide adequate noise filtering.

The effect is that the platform returns from an off-level position at a rapid rate until it is nearly level, at which point the platform is controlled by a proportional servo with low enough frequency response so that the noise has little effect on the leveling process.

If high accuracy is required in preflight leveling, it is usually necessary to integrate or doubly integrate the accelerometer outputs ( this also minimizes the noise problem ).

A traditional Lao explanation is that the moon was being swallowed by a toad, and the remedy was to make all possible noise, ideally with firearms.

As a result of having an actuator controlled precisely with air pressure via a servosystem, the movement is very fluid and there is very little noise.

In practice an analog signal is subject to electronic noise and distortion introduced by communication channels and signal processing operations, which can progressively degrade the signal-to-noise ratio.

The primary disadvantage of analog signaling is that any system has noise – i. e., random unwanted variation.

This is impossible to recover, since amplifying the signal to recover attenuated parts of the signal amplifies the noise ( distortion / interference ) as well.

Even if the resolution of an analog signal is higher than a comparable digital signal, the difference can be overshadowed by the noise in the signal.

One of the most important components of analytical chemistry is maximizing the desired signal while minimizing the associated noise.

Thermal noise is white noise meaning that the power spectral density is constant throughout the frequency spectrum.

The root mean square value of the thermal noise in a resistor is given by

Shot noise is a type of electronic noise that occurs when the finite number of particles ( such as electrons in an electronic circuit or photons in an optical device ) is small enough to give rise to statistical fluctuations in a signal.

The difference here ... is in the hype, the thick overlay of teenage-revolution and total-energy-thing which conceals these scrapyard vistas of clichés and ugly noise.

If the two devices are far enough apart or on separate power systems, the local ground connections at either end of the cable will have differing voltages ; this difference will reduce the noise margin of the signals.

In the 2005 season the fans were again making a difference in games and were recognized with the presentation of a special game ball for their efforts in a game against the New York Giants, a game in which the Giants committed 11 false start penalties in large part because of the crowd noise.

Quantization error ( or quantization noise ) is the difference between the original signal and the digitized signal.

Since the receiver responds only to the difference between the wires, it is not influenced by the induced noise voltage.

The appliance receiving the signals compares the difference between the two signals ( often with disregard to electrical ground ) allowing the appliance to ignore any induced electrical noise.

Any induced noise would be present in equal amounts and in identical polarity on each of the balanced signal conductors, so the two signals ’ difference from each other would be unchanged.

Upon reception at the other end, the balun takes the difference of the two signals, thus removing any noise picked up along the way and recreating the unbalanced signal.

Their main difference is the image quality, which is proportional to the time taken to transfer the image and in the case of the AVT modes, related to synchronous data transmission methods and noise resistance conferred by the use of interlace.

The acoustic difference between affricates and stop + fricative sequences is rate of amplitude increase of the frication noise, which is known as the rise time.

The noise thus produces a common-mode signal which is cancelled at the receiver when the difference signal is taken.

In a comparison study, it is dependent on the relative difference between the groups compared, the amount of measurement and the noise associated with the measurement.

* No significant difference, when differences between categories are smaller than the amount of error / noise in the data

A noticeable difference between microhouse and house is the replacement of typical house kick drums, hi-hats and other drum machine samples with clicks, static, glitches, and small bits of noise.

The service is usually the same in all classes on Russian Railways, main difference being the increased personal space, reduced noise, and better isolation from the unwanted contact with the strangers, as well as better amenities — lower class cars may have a single shower per two couchette cars ( 54 passengers ), while SV cars have one per 16 passengers, and in Premium car each passenger has his own shower, an important consideration on a rides such as Trans-Siberian rides that may last for up to a full week.

This difference is also claimed to reduce the presence of noise artifacts.

A caution is that estimating the trend is more difficult and error-prone than estimating the level – intuitively, if one estimates the change, the difference between two numbers X and Y, then one has to contend with the error in both X and Y – it is not enough to simply take the difference, as the change may be random noise.

; Dynamic range and Signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ): The difference between the maximum level a component can accommodate and the noise level it produces.

Also, any difference in the input and output power probably produces heat within the system ( although noise and other mechanical vibrations involve at least theoretically separate and generally negligible inefficiencies ), and that heat must be removed from the system if it is to remain within its operating temperature range.