The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ), the widely used psychiatric manual that defines all mental disorders, uses the term general medical condition to refer to all diseases, illnesses, and injuries except for mental disorders.

The DSM has attracted praise for standardizing psychiatric diagnostic categories and criteria.

The range of the DSM represents an extensive scope of psychiatric and psychological issues or conditions, and it is not exclusive to what may be considered " illnesses ".

Proponents argue that the inter-rater reliability of DSM diagnoses ( via a specialized Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( SCID ) rather than usual psychiatric assessment ) is reasonable, and that there is good evidence of distinct patterns of mental, behavioral or neurological dysfunction to which the DSM disorders correspond well.

The lack of a causative or explanatory basis, however, is not specific to the DSM, but rather reflects a general lack of pathophysiological understanding of psychiatric disorders.

A 2009 psychiatric review noted that attempts to demonstrate natural boundaries between related DSM syndromes, or between a common DSM syndrome and normality, have failed.

The American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) has eliminated the category of " neurosis ", reflecting a decision by the editors to provide descriptions of behavior as opposed to hidden psychological mechanisms as diagnostic criteria, and, according to The American Heritage Medical Dictionary, it is " no longer used in psychiatric diagnosis ".

Brief reactive psychosis, referred to in the DSM IV-TR as " brief psychotic disorder with marked stressor ( s )", is the psychiatric term for psychosis which can be triggered by an extremely stressful event in the life of an individual.

The DSM codifies psychiatric conditions and is used worldwide as a key guide for diagnosing disorders.

According to DSM IV ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, IV edition ), where all psychiatric illnesses are represented as numerals to avoid confusion, frotteurism is classified as 302. 89.

Though the psychiatric establishment once medicalized same-sex desire, homosexuality was later removed in 1974 as a mental disorder from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) because it wasn't supported by sound scientific evidence and didn't meet the criteria for a mental disorder.

Due to its artifactual nature, psychiatric comorbidity has been considered as a Kuhnian anomaly leading the DSM to a scientific crisis and a comprehensive review on the matter considers comorbidity as an epistemological challenge to modern psychiatry.

The American Psychiatric Association ( APA ) considered and rejected a proposal to add sexual addiction to its list of psychiatric disorders, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ).

In 1986 all references to homosexuality as a psychiatric disorder were removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) of the American Psychiatric Association.

Soldiers received increased psychiatric attention, and World War II saw the development in the US of a new psychiatric manual for categorizing mental disorders, which along with existing systems for collecting census and hospital statistics led to the first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ).

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ( DSM ) is the psychiatric profession ’ s official classification manual of mental disorders since its first published version DSM-I in by the APA, 1952.

Frances and others have published debates on what they see as the six most essential questions in psychiatric diagnosis-are they more like theoretical constructs or more like diseases ; how to reach an agreed definition ; whether the DSM-V should take a cautious or conservative approach ; the role of practical rather than scientific considerations ; the issue of use by clinicians or researchers ; and whether an entirely different diagnostic system is required.

In the 1950s, the endogenous production of psychoactive agents was considered to be a potential explanation for the hallucinatory symptoms of some psychiatric diseases as the transmethylation hypothesis ( see also adrenochrome ), though this hypothesis does not account for the natural presence of endogenous DMT in otherwise normal humans, rats and other laboratory animals.

Those found to have been not guilty by reason of insanity are generally then required to undergo psychiatric treatment, except in the case of temporary insanity ( see below ).

Additionally, community centers have tended in practice to distance themselves from the psychiatric / medical model and have continued to see themselves as representing a culture of resistance or opposition to psychiatry's authority.

This novel type of psychiatric care was evaluated by various other institutions around the world ( see for instance Eastern State Hospital in Virginia ), but often seen as too revolutionary to implement.

) Delirium must by definition be caused by an organic process, i. e., a physically identifiable structural, functional, or chemical problem in the brain ( see organic brain syndrome ), and thus, fluctuations of mentation due to changes in purely psychiatric processes or diseases, such as sudden psychosis from schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, are ( by definition ) not termed delirium.

For restraint for medical or psychiatric purposes, see medical restraint.

As a noun, " affect " may refer to an emotion or to a psychological / psychiatric state ( see below ).

In fact, Schneider's mixing of the medical and the moral has been described as the most noteworthy aspect of this work, which has been linked back to German reception of Cesare Lombroso's theory of the ' born criminal ', redefined by Emil Kraepelin and others ( see also Koch ) in to psychiatric terms as a ' moral defect '.

" However, prior to a water deprivation test, consideration should be given to a psychiatric consult to see whether it is possible to rule out psychogenic polydipsia or habit polydipsia.

In neurology clinics, the reported prevalence of unexplained symptoms among new patients is very high ( between 30 and 60 %) However, diagnosis of conversion typically requires an additional psychiatric evaluation, and since few patients will see a psychiatrist it is unclear what proportion of the unexplained symptoms are actually due to conversion.

The courts ruled that Dupree had acted correctly when he refused to let the jury see a transcript of the 1970 Article 32 military hearing, and, because this was not an insanity trial, Judge Dupree had also acted properly in not allowing the jurors to hear any of the psychiatric testimony.

Olga, however, was eventually sent to Ravensbrück concentration camp and from there to an experimental extermination camp set up at an old psychiatric hospital in Bernburg Euthanasia Centre in 1942, where she was gassed ( see: Action T4 ).

To obtain this knowledge the psychiatric nurse must see patients as individual people with lives beyond their mental illness.

Many advocates of the anti-psychiatry movement have stated that they consider the idea of " mental illness " as a convenient and inaccurate label assigned by society rather than an objective biomedical state, rejecting psychiatric terms such as schizophrenia which they may see as stigmatizing.

The three are about to fight for it when Charlie Brown suggests they handle the problem in a different way, so they all go to see Lucy in her psychiatric booth, which she temporarily converts to a courtroom ( after donning a judge's robe and wig, and enlisting Linus as stenographer, she tacks two cents on to her normal five-cent fee to cover the cost of the court ).

This trend can be seen for many hitherto traditionally psychiatric disorders ( see table ) and is argued to support reuniting neurology and psychiatry because both are dealing with disorders of the same system.

An antipsychotic ( or neuroleptic ) is a tranquilizing psychiatric medication primarily used to manage psychosis ( including delusions or hallucinations, as well as disordered thought ), particularly in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and is increasingly being used in the management of non-psychotic disorders ( ATC code N05A ).

Women who have alcohol-use disorders often have a co-occurring psychiatric diagnosis such as major depression, anxiety, panic disorder, bulimia, post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ), or borderline personality disorder.

In the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association ( DSM-IV-TR ) it is not recognized as a separate disorder, but is associated with psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia ( catatonic type ), bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and other mental disorders, as well as drug abuse or overdose ( or both ).

* Theodore Sturgeon's short novel, Some of Your Blood ( 1961 ), consists of letters and case-notes relating to the psychiatric treatment of a non-supernatural vampire.

A fugue state, formally dissociative fugue or psychogenic fugue ( DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders 300. 13 ), is a rare psychiatric disorder characterized by reversible amnesia for personal identity, including the memories, personality and other identifying characteristics of individuality.

) for psychiatric male nurses, as well as the formation of Friendly Male Nurses ( Amicales d ' infirmiers ) ( in 1958 ), the studies on architecture and the projects of construction of a day hospital of for " students and young workers ".

Charges of truancy, in the Bronx ( NYC ), led to psychiatric assessment at a juvenile reformatory, the psychiatrist, Dr. Renatus Hartogs, describing Oswald's " vivid fantasy life, turning around the topics of omnipotence and power, through which he tries to compensate for his present shortcomings and frustrations.

In the current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-IV-TR ), a paraphilia is not diagnosable as a psychiatric disorder unless it causes distress to the individual or harm to others.

From a diagnostic standpoint, organic disorders were those held to be caused by physical illness affecting the brain ( that is, psychiatric disorders secondary to other conditions ), while functional disorders were considered to be disorders of the functioning of the mind in the absence of physical disorders ( that is, primary psychological or psychiatric disorders ).

Perhaps due to their perceived rarity, the dissociative disorders ( including DID ) were not initially included in the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( SCID ), which is designed to make psychiatric diagnoses more rigorous and reliable.

* Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry ( SCAN ), a psychiatric diagnostic tool developed by WHO

Electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT ), formerly known as electroshock, is a psychiatric treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in anesthetized patients for therapeutic effect.

* Informant ( psychiatry ), a person who provides information about a psychiatric patient

After adjusting for potentially confounding factors ( i. e., age, sex, and military training ), there was a robust association between individuals with MCS-type symptoms and psychiatric treatment ( either therapy or medication ) before deployment and, therefore, before any possible deployment-connected chemical exposures.

When a dyslexic constituent, Stephen Halsall ( a psychiatric nurse ), sent him a letter in March 2001 complaining about a drug rehabilitation unit being built near to him, Turner returned the letter to the constituent with all the spelling and grammatical errors underlined and annotated in red ink, e, g we only have 1 Labour Party-should be Party's.

As Mitchell's third competency hearing moved forward, both Mitchell and Barzee remained incarcerated at Utah State Hospital ( a psychiatric hospital ), where Barzee was still being medicated until she was competent to stand trial.

A variant of TMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS ), has been tested as a treatment tool for various neurological and psychiatric disorders including migraines, strokes, Parkinson's disease, dystonia, tinnitus, depression and auditory hallucinations.

A year-round resort area, Stockbridge is home to the Norman Rockwell Museum, the Austen Riggs Center ( a noted psychiatric treatment center ), and Chesterwood, home and studio of sculptor Daniel Chester French.

Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome may induce or mimic psychiatric disorders temporarily or long term such as Depression ( clinical ), Anxiety disorder, Psychosis and in rare cases, even Suicidal ideation.

The notion of gender identity appeared in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in its third edition, DSM-III ( 1980 ), in the form of two psychiatric diagnoses of gender dysphoria: gender identity disorder of childhood ( GIDC ), and transsexualism ( for adolescents and adults ).